Beclin1介导的自噬在辐射诱导细胞早衰中的作用

自噬是机体及细胞必不可少的调节过程,在维持细胞的正常生理状态过程中发挥重要的作用.Beclin1是自噬的核心功能基因之一,其影响自噬体形成,并通过自噬影响肿瘤的发生和发展.研究发现Beclin1在p62蛋白介导的早衰调控中发挥一定作用,电离辐射可引起细胞发生自噬及早衰等细胞反应,导致细胞死亡.研究Beclin1介导的自...     

大鼠增龄过程中椎间盘退变指标的研究

目的 研究大鼠增龄过程中椎间盘退变的指标.方法 同批SD大鼠21只,分别喂养6月(9只)和22月(12只)建立青年大鼠组和老龄大鼠组模型,计算椎间盘退变Miyamoto分级值,体视法分析椎体软骨终板血管芽数量、面积、钙化层和非钙化层厚度,单克隆抗体免疫组化染色测定软骨Ⅱ型和X型胶原的表达.结果 老龄组大鼠椎体软骨终板血管芽数量、血管芽相对面积、非钙化层/钙化层比值、钙化层和髓核Ⅱ型胶原含量均低于青年组(P＜0.05);老龄组非钙化层X型胶原含量高于青年组(P=-0.003);而Miyamoto分级老年组和青年组无统计学差异(P=1.130).结论 终板血管芽相对面积、非钙化层/钙化层比值、Ⅱ型胶原和X型胶原表型表达是评估增龄性椎间盘退变的灵敏指标,而Miyamoto分级不是评估增龄性椎间盘变化的灵敏指标.     

皮肤老化的几种常见细胞和富血小板血浆治疗进展

皮肤抗老化领域的细胞治疗技术自问世以来,经历多次更新和优化,目前临床上公认安全性和效果较好的细胞治疗制剂包括脂肪干细胞及其培养基提取物、成纤维细胞、皮肤间充质干细胞以及富血小板浓缩物、富血小板血浆制剂等.然而,针对这些制剂的作用机制及优缺点还缺乏系统的总结,本文将对此进行详细阐述.     

管花肉苁蓉麦角甾苷对衰老小鼠端粒酶活性和免疫功能的影响

目的观察管花肉苁蓉麦角甾苷(CTWA)对实验性衰老小鼠心、肝和脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、端粒酶活性和免疫功能的影响。方法小鼠sc 10%D-半乳糖10mL·kg-1,每天1次,连续8周,建立亚急性衰老模型。给药组小鼠从造模第9周起,分别ig给予CTWA 10,20和40mg·kg-1,每天1次,连续2周。硫代巴比妥酸比色法检测MDA含量;PCR-ELISA法检测端粒酶活性;[3H]TdR掺入法测定淋巴细胞增殖反应;中性红实验测定小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能;放射免疫法测定外周血白细胞介素2(IL-2)含量。结果模型组小鼠心、肝和脑MDA含量明显增加,心和肝端粒酶活性明显降低,淋巴细胞增殖反应、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和外周血IL-2含量均显著下降。给予CTWA 2周,小鼠心、肝和脑MDA含量明显降低,CTWA 40mg·kg-1组小鼠心和脑组织端粒酶活性明显升高,淋巴细胞增殖反应、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和外周血IL-2含量明显升高。结论CTWA能拮抗自由基损伤,增强衰老小鼠心和脑组织端粒酶活性和机体免疫功能,这些可能与CTWA的抗衰老作用有关。     

果蝇在抗衰老药物研究中的应用

果蝇作为广泛应用于衰老研究领域的模式生物,与其他衰老的动物模型相比较,果蝇衰老模型具有生长周期短,繁殖力强,雌雄易分辨,实验操作简单的优点,能够保证足够的数量以及足够的空间进行实验,同时还有基因保守性高等特点,因此是一种常用的衰老模式生物,近些年其在加快抗衰老药物的筛选速度和衰老的机制研究等方面显示出潜在的应用价值。对果蝇衰老模型的建立方法、给药方式、药效学评价、抗衰老通路及果蝇在部分抗衰老中药中的应用5个方面进行综述,分别介绍了5种果蝇衰老模型,不同的给药方式以及行为学,生化指标和代谢组学方面的研究,分析了模式生物果蝇与衰老相关的信号通路和机制,列举了的部分抗衰老中药在衰老模式生物果蝇中的应用,为今后衰老机制的研究、抗衰老中药物和保健品的开发等提供理论依据和实验参考。     

硫辛酸抗神经细胞老化的蛋白质组学分析

目的研究硫辛酸在神经细胞老化过程中对细胞保护作用的蛋白质分子基础。方法采用无血清培养神经母细胞瘤细胞方法建立实验性神经细胞老化模型。设立硫辛酸（IA）作用组和对照组,运用蛋白质组学技术平台,采用双向电泳结合基质辅助激光电离-飞行时间质谱技术分析,并鉴定表达受到硫辛酸调控的蛋白。结果经蛋白质组学技术分析,发现硫辛酸能阻止19个蛋白在老化过程中表达改变,成功鉴定出其中5个蛋白,其中STMN1、TPM4、SERB和PARK7在老化过程中表达下降,DLDH在老化过程中表达上升。结论硫辛酸抗老化保护神经细胞的作用机制涉及到对STMN1、TPM4、SERB、PARK7和DLDH等蛋白的调控。     

Alteration of Leukocyte–Endothelial Cell Interaction During Aging in Retinal Microcirculation of Hypertensive Rats

Purpose Hypertension, one of the more common chronic diseases affecting the elderly, has been reported to influence leukocyte–endothelial cell interaction. The leukocyte-mediated inflammatory process contributes to age-related changes in vessels. This study was designed to evaluate age-related changes in leukocyte–endothelial cell interaction in the hypertensive rat retina. Methods Male spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR; 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 20 months of age) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used. The number of accumulated leukocytes was counted in sections of flat-mounted retinal tissue. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and CD18 (the common β-chain of ICAM-1 ligands) was evaluated. Retinal thickness was evaluated histologically. Results The number of accumulated leukocytes and the expression of ICAM-1 and CD18 increased in the aged retina. The number of leukocytes that accumulated and the expression of CD 18 were significantly higher in the SHR group than in the WKY group (P < 0.01). In addition, retinal thickness decreased with age. Conclusion Leukocyte–endothelial cell interaction increased in the aged retina and these changes were more severe in SHR retina than in WKY retina. This increased interaction was first observed at 3 months, a relatively young age.     

Peripheral and central hearing impairment and their relationship with cognition: a review

Objective: To consider the relationships between both peripheral and central hearing impairment and cognition.

Design: Narrative review.

Study sample: Numerous studies exploring the relationship between hearing impairment and cognitive function, particularly in an older population.

Results: In addition to the well-documented relationship between peripheral hearing loss and cognition highlighted in previous comprehensive reviews, there is also some evidence to suggest that there is a relationship between central hearing impairment and cognition. Further research is required to better understand this relationship and its effects on hearing aid benefit in people with both peripheral hearing loss and central hearing impairment.

Conclusions: To fully understand the relationship between hearing impairment and cognitive impairment, not only peripheral but central hearing needs to be considered. Such knowledge could be of benefit in the clinical management of people with both peripheral hearing loss and central hearing impairment.     

Adipose Tissue Aging and Metabolic Disorder,and the Impact of Nutritional Interventions

Adipose tissue is the largest and most active endocrine organ, involved in regulating energy balance, glucose and lipid homeostasis and immune function. Adipose tissue aging processes are associated with brown adipose tissue whitening, white adipose tissue redistribution and ectopic deposition, resulting in an increase in age-related inflammatory factors, which then trigger a variety of metabolic syndromes, including diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Metabolic syndrome, in turn, is associated with increased inflammatory factors, all-cause mortality and cognitive impairment. There is a growing interest in the role of nutritional interventions in adipose tissue aging. Nowadays, research has confirmed that nutritional interventions, involving caloric restriction and the use of vitamins, resveratrol and other active substances, are effective in managing adipose tissue aging’s adverse effects, such as obesity. In this review we summarized age-related physiological characteristics of adipose tissue, and focused on what nutritional interventions can do in improving the retrogradation and how they do this.     

Effects of population aging on the mortality burden of related cancers in urban and rural areas of China, 2004–2017: a population-based study

Objective: China is a developing country with urban–rural disparities and accelerating population aging. Therefore, quantifying the effects of population aging on the cancer mortality burden is urgently needed.Methods: Using data from China’s death surveillance datasets(2004–2017), we decomposed and quantified the effects of population aging and factor variations on cancer mortality rates in urban and rural China during 2004–2017 through a decomposition method. R ratios were used to assess the e...