中间人路腔镜甲状腺手术与开放手术的临床对比研究

目的对照分析由甲状腺中间人路行腔镜甲状腺手术与开放手术的临床疗效,探讨新人路腔镜甲状腺手术的可行性和优点。方法回顾性分析2008年8月至2010年12月中山大学附属第五医院微创中心采用甲状腺中间人路完成的腔镜甲状腺切除术192例（腔镜组）和开放甲状腺切除术240例（开放组）患者的临床资料,对照分析两组患者的年龄、手术时间、术中出血量、术后第1天引流量、术后住院时间、术后并发症等临床资料。结果腔镜组的手术时间为（112．5±42．7）min,明显长于开放组（52．6±30．8）min,两组比较差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。腔镜组术后第1天的引流量为（192．5±45．2）ml,明显多于开放组（44．0±28．7）ml,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两组患者的术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率等观察指标差异均无统计学意义。结论采用甲状腺中间入路新手术径路行腔镜甲状腺手术是一种安全、可行的方法,具有美容效果好、术后恢复快、术后并发症少的优点。     

腔镜下双侧甲状腺次全切除术治疗轻中度甲亢(附6例报告)

目的:总结腔镜下甲状腺次全切除术治疗轻中度甲亢的手术方法及应用价值。方法:回顾分析2012年3月至2012年7月为6例患者经胸乳入路行腔镜甲状腺手术的临床资料。结果:5例顺利完成腔镜甲状腺手术,1例因合并桥本甲状腺炎术中出血量较多中转开放手术。手术时间83～180 min,平均(125.8±16.9)min;术中出血量30～145 ml,平均(75.5±8.8)ml。术后1例出现一过性喉返神经麻痹,未予特殊处理,两周后好转。术后无出血、呼吸困难、手足麻木、甲亢危象等严重并发症发生。结论:严格把握手术适应证,积累腔镜甲状腺手术经验,术中仔细操作,腔镜甲状腺次全切除术治疗甲状腺功能亢进是安全、可行的。     

分化型甲状腺癌初始手术规范化的思考

分化型甲状腺癌初始手术治疗的规范化是改善病人预后的关键因素。对于分化型甲状腺癌的原发灶切除范围,废弃小于一侧腺叶的手术方式已达成共识,分歧在于是否应对所有病例均行全甲状腺切除或近全甲状腺切除术。关于颈淋巴结清扫术,推荐在根治原发灶的基础上常规行Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫术,改良型颈淋巴结清扫术用于cN1 病例已是共识,要坚持大块切除的原则,杜绝淋巴结“摘除术”,但对cN0病例是否进行颈淋巴结清扫还存在分歧, 目前不做选择性颈淋巴结清扫术的观点占主流。对周围器官受侵的病例,要注意保护重要器官的功能。     

Total thyroidectomy replaces subtotal thyroidectomy as the preferred surgical treatment for Graves' disease

BACKGROUND: Total thyroidectomy is increasingly being adopted for patients requiring surgical treatment for Graves' disease based on a comparable surgical risk and the lack of recurrence, as well as the questionable ability of subtotal thyroidectomy to maintain euthyroidism. The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate its safety and efficiency. METHODS: Total thyroidectomy was adopted as part of the routine surgical treatment for Graves' disease from 2000. Patients who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy (STT) from 1995 to 1999 (n = 119) were compared with those who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) from 2000 to 2003 (n = 98) with respect to immediate postoperative morbidity and long-term outcome. RESULTS: Fourteen (11.8%) and 22 patients (22.4%) required calcium supplement on discharge in the STT and TT groups, respectively (P < 0.05). One (0.8%) and three patients (3.1%) developed permanent hypocalcaemia, respectively. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in 9.2% (n = 11) and 5.1% (n = 5) of patients or 5.0% and 2.6% of nerves at risk after STT and TT, respectively. None of the patients had permanent nerve palsy. The estimated blood loss was less and hospital stay shorter after TT. During a mean follow up of 64 months, 86 patients (72.3%) in the STT group required thyroxine replacement and seven patients (5.9%) developed relapse. CONCLUSION: Subtotal thyroidectomy was associated with relapse as well as hypothyroidism in a significant proportion of patients during long-term follow up. Total thyroidectomy can be performed as safely as STT and should be recommended as the procedure of choice for patients requiring surgical treatment for Graves' disease.     

Recovery of parathyroid function after total thyroidectomy: long-term follow-up study

BACKGROUND: To prevent postoperative hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy, the parathyroid glands are preserved in situ and/or resected or devascularized parathyroid glands are autotransplanted. A retrospective investigation was conducted utilizing biochemical and specific endocrine assessments to evaluate the difference in recovery of parathyroid function in the long term. METHODS: A total of 103 patients underwent total thyroidectomy at Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kagawa University between 1990 and 1998. These patients were divided into a preservation group (n = 17), with only preserved glands in situ; a combination group (n = 72), consisting of patients with one or more parathyroid glands preserved in situ and one or more autotransplanted parathyroid glands; and an autotransplantation group (n = 14), with only transplanted glands. RESULTS: The overall incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism in the preservation group, the combination group, and the autotransplantation group was 0%, 1.4%, and 21.4%, respectively. The mean levels of intact parathyroid hormone in the preservation group, the combination group, and the autotransplantation group recovered to 102%, 107%, and 50% of the preoperative levels at 5-year follow up. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that parathyroid glands should be preserved in situ whenever possible, to promote better recovery of postoperative function, and that only autotransplantation produces inadequate recovery of long-term function.     

完全腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗原发性甲亢的创伤反应研究

【摘要】目的 分析原发性甲亢患者术后的创伤反应变化。方法 资料来源于2015年10月~2016年10月确诊为原发性甲亢行手术治疗的病例,其中18例经胸乳入路腔镜下双侧甲状腺次全切除（ET组）,35例行传统开放切口的双侧甲状腺次全切除术（COT组）。测定术前2 h和术后24 h创伤反应指标：血超敏C反应蛋白（Hs?CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF?α）和白介素6（IL?6）,术后72 h内评估是否合并发全身炎症反应综合症（SIRS）,比较两组3个应激指标及术后合并SIRS的例数。结果 腔镜经胸乳入路组手术时间较开放组长,而术后住院天数少于对照组,两组术中出血量、术后引流量无显著性差异。两组均无严重副损伤和并发症。两种术式术后24 h血Hs?CRP、TNF?α、IL?6水平均较术前明显升高（P<0.001）。但两组3个创伤反应指标的变化值△Hs?CRP、△TNF?α和△IL?6比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组术后并发SIRS例数无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论 与传统开放手术相比,完全腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗原发性甲亢手术时间较传统开放组长,术后住院时间缩短,安全性类似,引起机体的创伤反应无显著性差异,对于合适的病例可选择应用。     

Bilateral vocal cord palsy after total thyroidectomy–A new treatment–Case reports

IntroductionDyspnea due to bilateral vocal cord palsy after total thyroidectomy (BVCPATT) is a life-threatening complication; nevertheless, we try to avoid tracheotomy.MethodsUsing normalized glottal area (NGA), we retrospectively studied 14 patients with BVCPATT. Nine patients without dyspnea were treated conservatively, while five with dyspnea received immediate bilevel positive air-way pressure (BiPAP) treatment. Both right and left recurrent nerves were grossly intact during surgery.ResultsThe mean NGA during inspiration of five patients with dyspnea was less than that of nine patients without (6.21 ± 1.57 (mean ± standard deviation) vs. 20.5 ± 9.5; p = 0.001). The mean age of patients with dyspnea was more than that of patients without (61.6 ± 15.6 vs. 38 ± 10.2; p = 0.007). Five patients with dyspnea that occurred at 0–8 days post operation recovered within 3–17 days after BiPAP.ConclusionDyspnea occurred in patients with BVCPATT who were relatively older. The mean NGA during inspiration in patients with dyspnea was less than that in patients without. BiPAP might be a new treatment for dyspnea.     

用肠内营养预防胃癌患者胃次全切除术后胃瘫综合征

目的:探讨运用肠内营养预防胃癌患者胃次全切除术后胃瘫综合征的作用。方法:200例胃次全切除术后的胃癌患者随机分为实验组105例,术后早期开始实施肠内营养;对照组95例,术后采用传统静脉输液支持。结果:术后实验组有1例(0.9%)出现术后胃瘫综合征。对照组有7例(7.3%)出现术后胃瘫综合征。两组间有明显差异。(P<0.05)。结论:肠内营养预防胃癌患者胃次全切除术后胃瘫综合征效果良好,有助于康复。