内镜下小切口甲状腺手术和传统手术的对照研究

目的通过临床对照研究,评价分析内镜下小切口甲状腺手术组与传统手术组间手术时间、出血量、美容效果、并发症、费用等有无差异,评估该技术是否有效、可行、安全。方法2004年7月～2005年10月对55例甲状腺肿瘤患者施行内镜下小切口甲状腺手术(内镜组),同时对照分析57例在年龄、性别、术式、麻醉、病情轻重、手术医生水平相配匹的同期住院行传统手术病例(传统组)。结果内镜组和传统组所切除的肿块大小10～40mm,平均分别为24.2和26.0mm,无差异;内镜组手术时间(103.73±26.46)min,传统组手术时间(79.86±27.32)min,P<0.001;美容效果内镜组明显好于传统组;内镜组手术失血量(26.65±23.11)mL,传统组手术失血量(45.18±28.95)mL,P<0.001;费用内镜组高于传统组;当外科医生取得经验和应用先进的超声刀技术后,手术时间和失血量明显减少。结论内镜下甲状腺手术与常规手术相比失血量明显要少,美容效果优,但手术时间长,费用多。认为小切口内镜下甲状腺手术是一种切合实际的、低侵袭的、安全的新手术,具有美容的优点,为手术治疗甲状腺肿物提供了一种选择。     

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy for thyroid adenoma

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the value of minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy for thyroid benign adenoma. Methods： From June 2003 to June 2007, 128 cases of thyroid tumors, including 123 cases of adenoma and 5 cases of carcinoma, were performed by Miccoli＇s endoscopic thyroidectomy. The surgical techniques and the clinical outcomes with respect to pathologic results, duration of operation, postoperative drainage, pain, cosmetic results and complications of endoscopic thyroid surgery via the neck approach were retrospectively summarized. Results： NI the patients underwent minimally invasive endoscope-assisted thyroidectomy successfully. Five cases of carcinoma revealed by frozen section. In which, 3 papillary carcinoma cases underwent subtotal thyroidectomy of disease-side in video-assisting, whereas the other 2 cases with follicular and medullary carcinoma underwent conventional total thyroidectomy of disease-side combined with subtotal thyroidectomy of the opposite-side. The transient hoarseness occurred in one patient and recovered well one week later, and the other patients recovered successfully without any complications. Conclusion： Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy for thyroid adenoma is safe and reliable. This procedure offers a shorter incision, less invasion and better cosmetic results as compared with conventional thyroidectomy.     

胸乳入路腔镜与开放手术治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤的对比研究

目的 对比腔镜手术和开放甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺良性疾病的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月～2010年6月54例腔镜和60例开放甲状腺切除术的临床资料.比较2组的手术时间、出血量、术后恢复活动时间、术后并发症和住院费用;采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）比较术后4、12、24和48小时疼痛情况;应用数字评分系统（numericalscore system,NSS）比较2组术后3和6个月对切口瘢痕的满意度.结果 2组手术时间差异无显著性[腔镜组（124.7±35.3） min,开放组（117.9±39.2）min,t＝0.979,P=0.330].腔镜组出血量少[（23.5±11.3）ml vs.（101.0±46.8） ml,t=-12.423,P=0.000],术后恢复活动时间短[（3.1±0.8）d vs.（5.7±1.5）d,t=-3.511,P=0.037];但住院费用高[（10 726.3±413.5）元vs.（7241.2±587.4）元,t=-2.327,P=0.045].腔镜组出现2例声音嘶哑、l例皮下瘀斑,开放组出现1例声音嘶哑、1例甲状腺功能减退,2组并发症发生率差异无显著性（Х^2=0.015,P=0.904）.腔镜组术后4、12、24小时VAS评分分别为（2.16±0.61）、（2.97±0.78）和（1.39±0.43）分,均显著低于开放组的（3.95±0.62）、（5.74±0.90）、（2.55±0.78）分（t=-9.486、-17.565、-9.994,P均＜0.05）;而2组术后48小时VAS评分差异无显著性.术后3和6个月腔镜组的NSS评分分别为（8.74±1.25）、（3.15±1.41）分,均显著高于开放组的（5.68±1.06）、（1.25±1.36）分（t=4.882,P=0.025;t=3.463,P=0.036）.结论 腔镜甲状腺手术具有切口美观、出血少、术后疼痛轻的优点,在治疗甲状腺良性疾病方面具有良好的发展前景.     

Total versus subtotal thyroidectomy for the management of benign multinodular goiter in an endemic region

BACKGROUND: Because controversy still continuous to surround use of total thyroidectomy for the management of benign multinodular goiter, the present study aims to prospectively compare the safety and efficacy of total thyroidectomy with subtotal thyroidectomy. METHODS: A total of 200 consecutive patients with benign multinodular goiter were assigned to have either total thyroidectomy (n = 105) or subtotal thyroidectomy (n = 95) based on preoperative evaluation, intraoperative macroscopic findings and nodular dissemination. The patients with no healthy tissue or nodules localized in the dorsal part of the gland, which are usually left during normal subtotal resection, were assigned to the total thyroidectomy group. Demographic details, biochemical findings, indications for operation, operating time, specimen weight, complications and hospital stay were noted. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the sex, hormonal status or duration of goiter between the two groups (P = 0.74, P = 0.59 and P = 0.59, respectively). The mean operating time was longer (148.52 min +/- 51.10 vs 135.10 min +/- 32.47, P = 0.03), and the mean weight of the specimens was greater (228.40 g +/- 229.91 vs 157.01 g +/- 151.23, P = 0.01) for total rather than subtotal thyroidectomy. Either temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy or hypoparathyroidism occurred in 10 (9.3%) or 12 (11.4%) of the patients undergoing total compared with six (6.3%) or nine (9.5%) of the patients undergoing subtotal thyroidectomy (P = 0.40 and P = 0.65, respectively). Either permanent RLN palsy or hypoparathyroidism was observed in one patient undergoing total thyroidectomy (P = 0.34 for each comparison). The mean hospital stay was longer in the total thyroidectomy group (2.24 days +/- 1.18 vs 1.89 days +/- 0.72 for subtotal thyroidectomy, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that total thyroidectomy can be performed without increasing risk of complication, and it is an acceptable alternative for benign multinodular goiter, especially in endemic regions, where patients present with a huge multinodular goiter.     

Surgical management of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroidectomy: American Head and Neck Society Consensus Statement

“I have noticed in operations of this kind, which I have seen performed by others upon the living, and in a number of excisions, which I have myself performed on the dead body, that most of the difficulty in the separation of the tumor has occurred in the region of these ligaments…. This difficulty, I believe, to be a very frequent source of that accident, which so commonly occurs in removal of goiter, I mean division of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.” Sir James Berry (1887)     

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy in pediatric patients

Background

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of both benign diseases and malignancies. We report our experience in thyroid surgery in pediatric patients.

Methods

From October 1998 to December 2005, 35 patients (27 females and 8 males) underwent MIVAT for thyroid disease. The mean age was 14.0 years (range, 8-18 years); mean ecographically estimated thyroid volume was 11.13 mL (range, 8-25 mL).

Results

A total thyroidectomy was performed in 22 patients, whereas lobectomy was performed in 13. Two patients of the latter group had a second lobectomy for a false-negative result at frozen section during the first operation. One patient underwent also a prophylactic central neck dissection for positive RET oncogene. The histologic examination found a papillary carcinoma in 11 patients, a microfollicular nodule in 7 patients, and multinodular goiter in 17 patients. The mean operative time was 54.1 minutes for thyroidectomy (range, 25-110 minutes) and 38.5 minutes for lobectomy (range, 20-65 minutes). All patients but one was discharged on the first postoperative day. One transient hypoparathyroidism was observed in the patient who underwent total thyroidectomy plus central neck lymphadenectomy.

Conclusions

The MIVAT technique proved to be as safe and effective as conventional thyroidectomy with Kocher approach to treat patients with both benign and malignant diseases of the thyroid gland. The advantages of MIVAT are represented by a better and faster postoperative course and an improved aesthetic result, which is particularly important in this group of patients.     

甲状腺机能亢进症围手术期的处理

为探讨甲状腺机能亢进症的手术治疗效果，对１０３８例甲状腺机能亢进症病人的围手术期处理情况进行了分析。结果：术后无１例发生甲状腺危象。术后２年以上者９８０例，均获随访（１００％），随访时间为２～１５年，治愈率为９９．１％；复发９例，占０．９％。