小儿咽后脓肿14例临床分析

报告１４ 例小儿咽后脓肿,急性型１３ 例,慢性型１ 例;异物性２ 例,结核性１ 例,邻近炎症扩散引起者２ 例,上呼吸道感染所致９ 例;１４ 例颈侧位Ｘ线片示脓肿２ 例,１０ 例颈部ＣＴ扫描示脓肿７ 例。所有病例经脓液引流及抗炎或抗痨治疗后痊愈。     

Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in leukemia cells: Effect of dose and mode of injection

A lumped compartmental model has been derived to predict methotrexate concentration as a function of time for L1210 cells in BD2F ₁ female mice at doses ranging from 3 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg. Using standard methods of parameter estimation as well as experimental determinations, an integrated approach was derived to account for the differences between the subcutaneous (s.c.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) modes of injection. It was found that a single generalized forcing function can be used to fit plasma concentration after s.c. injection for all doses. Adequate fits (average error<20% while the standard deviation of experimental determinations was±22%) of L1210 cell data after s.c. injection were obtained. The best results were for a maximum facilitated influx constant V_max of 0.424 g/min/ml, a Michaelis influx constant K_m of 1,42 g/ml, and a first-order efflux constant of 0.047 min^–1.The model simulations were not sensitive to V_max, K_m,and so long as the ratio V_max/was approximately 9g/ml. The values of V _max ,K _m ,and which were obtained from our analysis of the in vivodata can be explained on the basis of previously performed in vitroexperiments. The parameters obtained from modeling the s.c. data were then applied for i.p. injection data. The resulting fits were adequate (average error<20% while the standard deviation of experimental determinations was±22%). A single generalized forcing function for drug concentration in the peritoneal cavity after i.p. injection for all doses was derived. The application of these results enables the prediction of methotrexate concentration in neoplastic cells at other doses after either s.c. or i.p. injection.     

Devices for the treatment of diabetes: today

Although single or multiple daily subcutaneous injections of insulin with syringes are the mainstay of insulin delivery techniques for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, several other methods are now available. The present paper will review the main problems occurring with the classical subcutaneous insulin therapy and the possible solutions given by the use of new devices, including more particularly insulin jet injectors, pens, and portable pumps. This review has to be considered as an introduction to the presentations of this symposium devoted to implantable pumps, glucose sensors, and artificial pancreas, respectively.     

脑脓肿切除的显微外科技术

作者采用显微外科技术切除脑脓肿40例,在切除前,先用自制三通装置穿刺脓肿,并用10％甲醛溶液及庆大霉素溶液冲洗脓腔,然后在手术显微镜下切除脓壁。随访3～5年,治愈率98.0％(38例),复发1例,死亡2例。     

老年细菌性肝脓肿的临床分析

目的 :分析老年人细菌性肝脓肿的临床特点 ,治疗方法和转归。方法 :采集1992～2001年本院全部细菌性肝脓肿70例 ,回顾性地比较中青年对照组 (60岁以下)和≥60岁的老年病人的临床要点。结果 :临床均以发热为主要症状 ,与对照组相比 ,老年组中左叶脓肿比例稍多 (30 8%比16 1% ) ,两组的脓肿最大径相似 ,患糖尿病 (41 0%比22 5% )和胆道结石 (28 2%和16 7% )等基础疾病较多。老年组的平均最高白细胞计数较高 ,血清白蛋白浓度明显较低(30 3±6 3)g/L比 (34 1±5 6)g/L。老年组有3例死亡(7 1% ) ,对照组无死亡。结论 :老年细菌性肝脓肿病人属较重的感染。老年发热病人应及早做超声和 (或)CT检查。应重视血和引流液的细菌培养 ,特别注意肺炎克雷伯菌感染 ,尽早采用有效的抗菌药物。穿刺引流是安全有效的治疗措施 ,老年人的细菌性肝脓肿预后取决于基础疾病。     

Peritonsillar abscess – critical analysis of abscess tonsillectomy

The risk of secondary haemorrhage following abscess tonsillectomy is reported in the literature with differing rates. A retro‐ and prospective analysis of complication rates following abscess tonsillectomy was conducted in 142 patients (54 females, 88 males; mean age: 35 years). In 22% of patients, a secondary haemorrhage occurred. In half of these (11% of total), the haemorrhage had to be treated surgically. Secondary haemorrhage occurred most commonly on the 6th and 8th postoperative days. Reports in the literature are not in unison about the risk of secondary haemorrhage following abscess tonsillectomy and therefore allow no final judgement about an objective risk of this complication. This report strengthens the results of the ‘Comparative Audit Service’ analysis from 1997, which did show a high risk of secondary haemorrhage following tonsillectomy, as well as following abscess tonsillectomy.     

耳源性脑脓肿105例临床分析

目的 本文的目的为探讨耳源性脑脓肿的发生、诊断和治疗。方法 对1952～2002年治疗的105例耳源性脑脓肿患者(颞叶66例,小脑38例),对疾病的发生、诊断和治疗方式进行回顾性分析,特别是手术所见、诊断方法、治疗方法和结果。结果本组中发病年龄主要在10～30岁,10岁以内和更高的年龄组较少见。头痛(99.05％)、淡漠和昏迷(91.43％)是较常见的症状。105例中神经系统检查异常者78例。23例经CT诊断。经乳突腔穿刺抽脓者63例,外科钻颅穿刺抽脓26例,脓肿切除17例。死亡15例,其中66例颞叶脓肿中11例死亡,38例小脑脓肿中3例,脓肿部位不明者1例。结论 正确掌握经乳突腔穿刺抽脓的适应证对耳源性脑脓肿的治疗十分重要。颅骨钻孔穿刺引流和脑室引流是脑疝的有效的紧急处理措施。自CT用于耳源性脑脓肿的诊断和随访以来,死亡率明显下降。     

应用高频超声诊断肛周脓肿

目的 :探讨高频超声诊断肛周脓肿的价值。方法 :应用 7.5 HMz的高频探头 ,对 7例肛周感染患者在肛门周围进行超声检测。结果 :肛周脓肿形成前期 1例 ,脓肿形成期 6例 ,治疗 30 d后动态观察 ,2例形成肛窦。结论 :高频超声可以明显诊断不同发展阶段的肛周脓肿 ,指导临床治疗。     

急性阑尾炎术前漏诊右半结肠癌14例分析

目的 探讨预防或减少急性阑尾炎术前漏诊右半结肠癌的措施及二者并存的术中处理。方法 对我院1990年1月～2002年10月收治的14例急性阑尾炎术前漏诊右半结肠癌的原因及并存机理进行回顾性分析。结果 14例漏诊患者中，5例行Ⅰ期右半结肠切除术；3例行Ⅰ期右半结肠切除、回肠造瘘术；2例行I期可疑病灶切除、回肠或盲肠造瘘术，Ⅱ期行右半结肠切除术；3例行回肠造瘘、腹腔引流术，Ⅱ期行右半结肠切除术；1例单纯行阑尾切除术，漏诊肝曲结肠癌，术后并发肠梗阻，剖腹控查行Ⅰ期右半结肠切除、回肠造瘘术。结论 掌握外科基本理论，遵循外科基本原则，避免惯性思维，减少漏诊机会，常能够避免急性阑尾炎术前漏诊右半结肠癌导致处理不当而带来的一系列问题。     

扁桃体周脓肿感染途径的探讨

为探讨扁桃体周脓肿的真正发病机理、感染途径，对连续诊治的１３１例扁周脓肿患者进行研究。其中８３例患侧的扁桃体被切除，切除之扁桃体外侧面均平整。通过８３例组织学观察，扁桃体上极表面既无扁桃溃破亦无脓瘘，邻接扁桃体上方之软腭粘膜下发现有感染及／或纤维化的小唾液腺（Ｗｅｂｅｒ腺），这些与扁桃体相邻的腺体在其他非扁周脓肿患者则显示正常形态与结构。从而认为扁桃体周围的化脓性感染可能与Ｗｅｂｅｒ腺有关，而非急性扁桃体炎。主张早期扁桃体切除术治疗扁周脓肿，目的在于获得充分引流。