胰岛素泵在肝移植术后糖代谢异常的应用研究

目的探讨肝移植围手术期糖代谢异常的不同处理方法。方法肝移植手术后糖代谢异常患者27例,随机分为连续皮下胰岛素输注组（Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion,CSII）与多次皮下注射胰岛素组（Multiple daily subcutaneous injection,MDSI）。对两组患者住院期间的血糖控制情况、血糖达标时间、院内感染率、伤口愈合时间、胰岛素用量、低血糖的发生率以及术后半年的糖代谢状态进行比较。结果两组患者血糖均可以达到目标值,CSII组较MDSI组每天胰岛素用量少,血糖达标时间短,切口愈合时间短,院内感染率低。两组患者术后半年的糖代谢状态无显著差异。结论对肝移植术后糖代谢异常的控制,胰岛素泵较传统的多次皮下注射胰岛素更有优势。     

耳郭软骨皮下筋膜组织复合物在鼻尖整形中的应用

目的：介绍自体耳郭软骨皮下筋膜组织复合物在鼻尖整形中的应用方法。方法：应用耳郭软骨皮下筋膜组织复合物对57例就医者实施手术。结果：术后鼻尖塑形满意，无畸形，无并发症发生。结论：应用耳郭软骨皮下筋膜组织复合物可保护鼻尖皮肤，鼻尖塑形满意，值得推广应用。     

Endoscopic pancreatic duct drainage and stenting for acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cyst and abscess

Background/Purpose Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts using transpapillary and transmural approaches has been reported. In this study, endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage (ENPD) and pancreatic stenting were performed in patients with pseudocyst and abscess associated with acute pancreatitis, and the usefulness and problems of the procedures were investigated. Methods After endoscopic retrograde pancreatography was done, ENPD and/or pancreatic stenting were performed in 13 patients with pancreatitis and pseudocyst or abscess that communicated with the main pancreatic duct. Results ENPD was performed in seven patients, and was effective in all five patients with cysts: the cysts disappeared or shrank. However, the condition in the two patients with abscess was unchanged, and percutaneous drainage was performed. Stenting was carried out in six patients, and the cyst disappeared or pancreatitis was improved in all six. The stent was removed from two patients, but no recurrence has been noted so far. Conclusions ENPD and stenting are effective therapeutic choices for acute and chronic pancreatitis and pseudocysts, and they are superior to percutaneous drainage to avoid pancreatic fistula, but they may not be effective for pancreatic abscess. Selection of therapeutic methods corresponding to individual cases is important.     

肛门直肠周围脓肿一期根治术的临床疗效观察

目的 :观察和评估一期根治术治疗肛门直肠周围脓肿的临床疗效。方法 :将 12 6例急性肛门直肠周围脓肿病例分成一期根治性切开术组 (PCID组 ) ,和单纯切开引流组 (TID组 ) ,观察一期根治性手术治疗肛门直肠周围脓肿的临床疗效。观察 2组病例术后感染控制情况 ,创面愈合时间 ,随访术后 2年内的脓肿复发情况和肛瘘发生情况。结果 :PCID组病例术后感染控制时间 (5± 3d)较 TID组病例 (7± 4 d)明显缩短 ,2者存在显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;2组病例创面愈合时间无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;PCID组病例术后脓肿复发需再次手术的病例为 2例 (发生率 3.13% ) ,TID组病例术后脓肿复发需再次手术的病例为 12例 (发生率 18.75 % ) ,2组病例存在非常显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;PCID组病例术后后遗肛瘘的病例为 2例(发生率 3.13% ) ,TID组病例术后后遗肛瘘的病例为 2 9例 (发生率 4 6 .77% ) ,2组病例存在非常显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :一期根治术治疗肛门直肠周围脓肿较单纯切开引流手术存在明显的优越性 ,能明显地缩短术后感染控制时间 ,降低术后脓肿的复发率和肛瘘的发生率 ,缩短了病程 ,降低了再次手术的机率 ,减轻了病人的痛苦     

一期切开高位挂线治疗后马蹄形脓肿

采用后位一期切开高位挂线两侧坐骨直肠间隙开窗对口引流治疗后马蹄形脓肿30例，全部一次治愈，疗程20－32d，平均23．6d。术后随访1－4年无遗留肛瘘、肛门狭窄、肛门失禁及肛门畸形。     

细菌性肝脓肿的外科治疗

目的　探讨细菌性肝脓肿外科治疗的变化。方法　回顾性总结分析 1974年到 2 0 0 1年间共收集 5 0 0例细菌性肝脓肿病例 ,并分为两组。A组 :1974～ 1990年有 371例 ,B组 :1991～ 2 0 0 1年有 12 9例。结果　两组细菌性肝脓肿发病率和病死率分别为 0 .176 % vs0 .0 5 2 % ,和 4 .5 8% vs1.5 5 % ,外科手术引流率 (TOD)分别为 4 3.6 7%和 17.0 5 % ,三者均有统计学差异 ,P<0 .0 0 1。 B超引导下穿刺引流率 (PPD)分别为 12 .4 %和 30 .2 3% ,呈上升趋势 ,有统计学差异 P<0 .0 0 1。手术组和 B超定位下穿刺组平均住院日分别为 31.6± 5 4 .5和 13.4 3.4 d,有统计学意义 P<0 .0 0 1。结论　 B超定位下穿刺引流是一种简便、疗效可靠的治疗方法 ,细菌性肝脓肿的外科手术引流有一定的适应证     

Psoas abscess twenty-one years after ipsilateral nephrectomy

We report an unusual case of psoas abscess,which developed twenty-one years afteripsilateral nephrectomy and was caused byinfrequent pathogen, Proteus mirabilis.It was diagnosed by computed tomography andwas drained percutaneously with a nephrostomytube guided by ultrasonography.     

Epidural abscess complicating insertion of epidural catheters

We present three cases of epidural abscess, all in patientsin whom an epidural catheter had been inserted for postoperativepain management. In all three cases the infecting organism wasStaphylococcus aureus and two patients had diabetes. The diagnosiswas made within 3 days of epidural catheter removal in two cases,but in one the abscess did not present until after the patienthad been discharged from hospital. We have retrospectively calculatedthe incidence of epidural abscess in our hospital over the 5-yrperiod 1993–98 to be 1 in 800 (0.12%). We emphasize theimportance of using techniques that minimize the risk of bacterialcontamination during both catheter placement and the managementof infusion, and seek to raise awareness of this relativelyrare but significant condition. Br J Anaesth 2002; 89: 778–82     

术前经皮置管引流治疗腰椎结核合并腰大肌脓肿的可行性研究

目的:通过比较两种不同方法治疗腰椎结核伴腰大肌脓肿,探讨术前经皮置管引流的临床疗效。方法:将2015年1月至2017年1月收治的符合纳入标准的腰椎结核伴腰大肌脓肿36患者纳入研究,按照不同的治疗方法将患者分为A、B两组,均给予标准抗结核治疗。A组入院后立即行腰大肌脓肿术前经皮置管引流,B组腰大肌脓肿无特殊处理,两组患者经3周抗结核治疗后复查红细胞沉降率(ESR)和C-反应蛋白(CRP),B组2例患者因复查ESR和CRP无降低需暂缓手术而排除,最终两组共34例患者纳入研究。A组18例,其中男10例,女8例;年龄24～73(42.5±10.2)岁;B组16例,其中男9例,女7例;年龄23～75(42.3±9.8)岁。两组患者均行后路椎弓根螺钉内固定,前路椎体病灶清除、植骨融合术。对比分析前路手术出血量、手术时间、前路切口长度,术后肛门排气时间、VAS评分、Cobb角、ESR、CRP变化及窦道形成情况。结果:34例患者均获随访,时间6～21个月,平均13个月。至末次随访,均未见混合感染、结核复发及椎弓根螺钉松动、退钉发生。A组平均手术时间、前路手术出血量和前路切口长度少于B组(P0.05)。A组肛门排气时间低于B组(P0.05)。ESR、CRP改善程度在抗结核3周、术后1周A组优于B组(P0.05),术后1、6个月两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组窦道形成1例,B组窦道形成5例,两组患者窦道形成率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1个月两组患者的VAS疼痛评分及Cobb角均有所改善(P0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后脊髓神经损伤均有改善,组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论:术前经皮置管引流是治疗腰椎结核伴腰大肌脓肿安全可行的方法,能增加术前抗结核效果,减少手术创伤,降低术后并发症的发生,可在临床中推荐应用。     

颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复眉额部皮肤缺损

目的：探讨应用颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复眉额部皮肤缺损的方法。方法：对10例眉额部皮肤缺损的患者,应用颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复。结果：10例患者皮瓣全部成活,颜色、质地与正常额部皮肤相似,效果满意。结论：应用颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复眉额部皮肤缺损是一种简单、可行的方法。