家庭及同伴因素对职业学校学生性行为的影响

目的:了解家庭及同伴因素对职校生性行为的影响。方法:对上海某区3所职校1612名高一年级学生应用电脑进行人机对话式匿名自填问卷调查,运用SAS统计软件分析家庭一般情况、居住状况、与父母交流学校学习情况、与父母交流性相关问题、同伴特征和同伴交流状况对性行为的影响。结果:有过性行为者占7.01%,男生中有过性行为者9.98%,多于女生(4.07%);多因素Logistic回归分析表明,大家庭、和父母容易谈论性话题、父母对婚前性行为态度开放、和好友郑重讨论过性问题,多数好友为非在校的学生及接触的同龄人中正在谈恋爱的比例较高的职校生有性经历的风险比例较高。结论:职校生性行为的发生与家庭构成,与父母交流及同伴因素密切相关。在鼓励家庭和同伴性教育的同时,应该提高父母性教育的能力及促进有效的同伴教育方式。     

体育明星崇拜对聋生榜样教育的启示

通过对聋生体育明星崇拜的调查，根据聋生体育明星崇拜的特点，提出了在聋生中开展体育明星榜样教育的建议：引导聋生形成多元化的榜样；榜样教育要有合适的切入点；通过体育教育宣传榜样，激发聋生潜能。     

以心理咨询为切入点，促进大学生自我心理治疗

目的开展大学生心理健康教育，要以心理咨询为切入点，引导大学生进行自我心理治疗。方法在心理咨询中，师生间建立相互信任的关系，辅导心理学知识，让大学生以自我激励、自我分析、自我重建、自我检查来进行自我心理治疗。结果在心理咨询中，以知识传播为桥梁，大学生能进行自我心理治疗。结论心理咨询是高校大学生心理健康教育的重要部分，我们以心理咨询为切入点，能更好地促进大学生进行自我心理治疗，有利于大学生的心理健康教育。     

Association of hypertension with changes in the body mass index of university students

Background  There are few longitudinal studies on the associations of obesity with hypertension in young adults. Objectives  To analyze longitudinally to what extent weight gain associates with hypertension in young adults. Methods  The subjects of this study consisted of 6,178 university students (male 4,098; female 2,080). The associations of hypertension with body type change were longitudinally examined by using the records of health examinations while at university. The prevalence ratios (PRs) for hypertension in their senior year were calculated on groups that changed toward obese against those that changed toward underweight. The logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension in their senior year of each factor. The analyses were conducted on (i) all subjects, (ii) non-hypertensive subjects in their freshman year, and (iii) by schools, in order to take into account physical activities. Results  The PRs of hypertension in subjects changed toward obese from their freshmen to seniors against ones toward underweight were 1.47 (95% CI; 1.00–2.15) for males and 3.50 (0.93–13.22) for females. In analyses limited to non-hypertensive subjects in their freshman year, results were similar to those of all subjects. The analyses by school also showed similar results to those including all subjects. In logistic regression analyses, although the factor most strongly associated with hypertension was body type in their senior year, the body type in their freshman still showed significant association with hypertension after the adjustment of senior year body type and hypertension in freshman year. The ORs for hypertension in obese subjects to normal weight ones in their senior year were 9.13 (95% CI; 5.77–14.45) for males and 22.59 (5.69–89.67) for females after adjusted by hypertension in freshman, body type in freshman and school. Conclusions  These data suggest that the increase of BMI is linked to hypertension in university students.     

Brain drain threat–Polish students are not satisfied with labor market options for health professionals in Poland

Background  Following the EU expansion in 2004, the threat of mass migration of medical doctors in the new member states has become a widely debated issue. It is particularly relevant in the context of skills shortages in developed countries that seek to fill gaps in their systems with foreign labor. This makes doctors from the former Eastern bloc an attractive resource. Aim  To explore and quantify the potential scale of medical migration, a study of intentions of medical and dentistry students was conducted at the largest medical university in Poland. Methods  A total of 367 students of the first and final degree was examined using our own questionnaire. Binary and multivariate analyses based on logistic regression models were used to examine the data. Results  The study shows that 85% of students admit they are considering going abroad, mainly because of poor financial and professional development perspectives at home. No clear profile of a potential migrant could be built. Only those with better grades are less inclined to move, suggesting that overall people from different backgrounds are equally dissatisfied with their professional options at home. Almost 80% of those considering migration would reconsider their decisions if appropriate job opportunities were available locally. Conclusion  The majority of medical students are considering going abroad to work, and those in their final year have been actively preparing to do so. If Poland wants to retain its doctors, it needs to take action to improve both the financial and development perspectives in the medical profession.     

本刑2007年文献来源指标、文献被引指标、期刊高被引指数和引证报告中被引频次最高的前5篇文章

随着计划免疫工作的深入开展,水痘已被列为北京市重点管理的疾病.为了解水痘疫苗的保护情况,以便进一步为制定北京市小学水痘疫情防控措施提供科学依据,现将北京市朝阳区某小学水痘突发疫情调查报告分析如下.     

大学生健康教育课教学体系改革的效果评价

目的评价大学生健康教育课教学体系改革的效果。方法采用同期随机对照实验性研究，将421名大一学生随机分为对照组和实验组，对照组采用传统的教学模式，实验组采用教学体系改革教学模式。对两组授课结果进行统计学分析。结果70％以上的学生对课程体系改革持赞同态度，并认为课程教学体系改革在对他（她）们知识、信念、思维和行为等方面产生了持久影响，实验组学生课程考试成绩高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（p〈0．05）。结论课程教学体系改革顺应当代大学生对健康的实际需求，促进了大学生预防保健能力发展和综合素质的全面提高。     

大学生营养知识和饮食习惯现状调查

目的了解大学生营养知识与饮食习惯现况，为提高大学生健康水平提供依据。方法对198名在校大学生进行了问卷调查。问卷涉及日常饮食、饮食习惯、营养知识、饮食态度等4个方面。结果59．1％的学生经常吃早餐，14．6％的学生偶尔吃早餐，26．3％的学生几乎不吃早餐，经常吃早餐者的比例女生高于男生，差异有统计学意义（X^2=14．007，p〈0．05）；饮食习惯则过多地食用方便面、油炸食品、腌酱菜食品、火腿肠，只有7．5％的大学生不摄取这4种食品；而吃鱼、牛奶、蔬菜的比例较低，分别占43．0％、16．6％、59．1％。在男生中存在喝酒等不良习惯者高于女生，差异有统计学意义（X^2=14．521，p〈0．05）；学生普遍缺乏对营养知识的了解；70．2％的学生以“口味”作为首选食物标准，仅18．7％选择“营养”。结论学生营养知识和饮食习惯存在较多问题，应加强大学生营养知识的教育，纠正其不合理的饮食习惯。     

江西省大学生自杀意念及其影响因素

目的了解江西省大学生自杀意念现状及其影响因素，为高校进行危机干预提供依据。方法于2007年4月，自编“大学生自杀意念问卷表”，采用随机发放问卷表的方式对江西省1010名大学生进行调查。结果大学生于调查前1年内的自杀意念发生率为11．19％。不同性别学生间自杀意念发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），不同性质学校、不同学历、不同专业学生间自杀意念发生率差异有统计学意义（3c。：24．24，P〈0．01；：c。：4．58，P〈O．05；：c。：29．46，P〈O．01）。积极应对、家庭和谐、性格外向是自杀意念的保护因素，学习压力、经济压力、儿童期被忽视、人际关系紧张、记忆中有深刻的自杀印象（媒体报道或亲眼目睹）、就业压力是自杀意念的危险因素。结论江西省大学生自杀意念发生率值得关注，消除自杀意念的危险因素，提高自杀意念的保护因素，可以有效降低大学生自杀意念的发生率。     

Attitudes of health sciences students towards interprofessional teamwork and education

Relatively little is known about the specific attributes of health professional students which may influence their attitudes towards both interprofessional teamwork and interprofessional education. A survey was distributed to all pre-licensure health professional students from medicine, nursing, pharmacy and social work programmes at our institution. Respondents were asked to rate their attitudes towards interprofessional healthcare teams and interprofessional education using validated and reliable scales reported in the literature. Information on the respondents' gender, profession, year of study and prior experience with interprofessional education was also collected. There was no significant difference between attitudes of medicine and nursing students towards interprofessional teamwork; however, both these student groups report significantly less positive attitudes towards interprofessional teams than pharmacy and social work students. Medicine students reported significantly less positive attitudes towards interprofessional education than nursing, pharmacy and social work students. Female students and senior undergraduate students reported significantly more positive attitudes towards interprofessional teamwork and interprofessional education, while students reporting prior experience with interprofessional education reported significantly more positive attitudes towards interprofessional teamwork. Profession, gender and year of study appear to be attributes which were related to more positive attitudes towards both interprofessional teamwork and education.