医学生艾滋病知识的调查及其健康教育

①目的 调查医学生对艾滋病知识的了解情况,探讨健康教育的有效措施。②方法 参考WHO关于艾滋病的知识、态度、信念、行为问卷,根据医学生实际情况编制调查问卷,以无记名选择答案的方式,对558名医学生进行了有关艾滋病知识的调查。③结果 100％的医学生知道艾滋病,但只有67.6%的学生知道艾滋病的病原体是HIV,62.2%的被调查者能正确回答出艾滋病的传播途径,92.0%的学生对艾滋病病人和HIV感染者表示不歧视,72.4%的学生较关心艾滋病的流行趋势,84.2%的学生认为我国现在广泛地开展艾滋病的健康教育十分必要。④结论 在医学生中加强艾滋病的健康教育势在必行。     

对我校硕士研究生英语教学的思考

本文通过对我校硕士研究生英语水平的现状及存在问题的分析,从听、说、读、写等方面提出了对硕士研究生英语教学改革的思路。     

医学生睡眠质量与焦虑抑郁情绪关系的探讨

目的 研究医学生睡眠质量与焦虑抑郁情绪的相关性,并对影响睡眠质量的有关因素进行探讨。方法 以匹慈堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、自评抑郁量表（SDS）为评价工具,采用分层整群抽样方法,调查某医学院1－4年级医学本科生睡眠障碍的发生率及分布特征。结果 医学生睡眠障碍的发生率为15．75％,男生（9．42％）女生（6．34％）间无显著性差异。19．18％的学生有抑郁情绪,男女生分别为10．10％和9．08％（P＜0．05）,15．75％的学生存在焦虑,并且10．27％的学生焦虑、抑郁情绪并存。PSQI总分与SAS、SDS得分均呈显著正相关。回归分析表明,影响PSQI总分的因素依次为睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、入睡时间、睡眠质量、日间功能、催眠质量、日间功能、催眠药物、睡眠时间。结论 焦虑、抑郁情绪是影响医学生睡眠质量的重要因素,提高医学生的心理素质,增强其适应环境的能力,对于保持良好的健康状态是十分必要的。     

永州市7167名小学生口腔卫生与龋病调查

目的摸清永州市小学生口腔卫生龋齿状况。方法采用整群抽样方法调查了永州市城区８所小学７１６７名学生。结果学生的口腔卫生较差与极差占９０．３１％,乳牙和恒牙龋患率分别为６９．３３％和４８．６８％,与１９８９年比分别上升４２．２６％、１９．１９％和５０６．２３％;乳牙龋齿好发牙为第Ⅴ、Ⅳ、恒牙龋齿好发牙为第６、７;下颌牙龋齿患病占７２．４％,上颌牙龋齿占２７．６％。结论该市口腔卫生差,龋患率呈上升趋势,提示今后应加强防治工作     

Health status of male preparatory school students lodging at a dormitory in Japan

An investigation on the health status of 79 male preparatory school students lodging at a dormitory in Japan was carried out by questionnaire on lifestyles, subjective symptoms and mental status, as compared with two control groups: 73 medical students and 36 new employees. About 83 % of them slept less than 6 hours and 70 % of them did not exercise. Many students are troubled with back pain or lumbago(47%), sensation of incomplete bladder emptying(l6%), loss of visual acuity(55%) and eye fatigue(65%). Self-rating depression scale score of preparatory school students was not significantly higher than those of the control groups. The lifestyles of preparatory school students found to be very restricted and strained. However, no significant differences on mental adverse health effects was found among three groups.     

郑州市4123名中学生吸烟状况调查

目的：了解郑州市中学生吸烟状况。方法：采用问卷法对６所中学４１２３名学生进行吸烟状况调查。结果：中学生总吸烟率为４５１６％（１８６２／４１２３）。其中,高中组吸烟率（５０４９％）高于初中组（３９４９％）,男生吸烟率（７０１９％）明显高于女生（３１５％）,且中学生吸烟的严重性随年龄的增加而增加;父母的文化程度、周围人群的吸烟情况与学生吸烟率有密切关系。结论：中学生吸烟问题较重,为保护中学生的身心健康应大力开展卫生宣教。     

大学生应付方式的研究

目的　研究大学生的应付方式。方法　用自编的应付方式问卷、EPQ、SCL- 90 对600 名大学生进行调查,并作相关因素分析。结果　大部分人采用积极或综合的应付方式,主、客观指标均显示这两种方法较有效,遇心理刺激恢复正常状态的时间显著较短;而消极应付方式较少人采用且效果较次。性别、个性及心理卫生状况与其应付方式关系密切。结论　学校心理保健的重点应放在诱导和帮助学生根据自己的特点掌握有效的多元化的应付方式,预防心理疾患,保持心理健康。     

Evaluating problem-based learning in a multilingual student population

OBJECTIVES: The University of Natal Medical School in South Africa provides training for a student body composed of two groups: one with English as a first language and the other with an African language as a first language and English as the second. A new methodology was developed to evaluate an innovative course using modified problem-based learning techniques in this heterogeneous environment. DESIGN: The learning model proposed required achieving a balance of three components: content, enquiry/learning process and social interaction/group process. A multidimensional system, felt to be consistent with this educational philosophy, was developed using seven different quantitative and qualitative techniques. SETTING: The University of Natal Medical School. SUBJECTS: First-year multilingual medical students. RESULTS: The results revealed that social interaction was highly successful in reducing barriers between the student groups and between students and facilitators. However, the emphasis on group participation may have overshadowed the enquiry process, leading to superficial discussions of problems and feelings of repetitiveness. During the course students and facilitators expressed concern that the innovative assessments used did not assess the course content adequately. While the group presentations and projects were useful exercises for consolidation and group interaction, they did not enable facilitators to identify struggling students. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of the evaluation stressed the need of achieving an appropriate balance both in the curriculum and assessments of the three components of the learning model, particularly in a setting where student backgrounds and language ability differ. Multidimensional methodology is needed for effective evaluation that promotes critical reflection.     

学生心理障碍测试分析系统及其应用的研究

目的研究学生心理障碍简易测试分析系统,促进学生心理健康发展。方法采用现况、回顾和前瞻性研究方法,对多种心理测试量表进行筛选与对照比较研究,资料用SAS系统分析。结果经4年考核人为采用EPQ和SCL-90综合评判的测试分析系统科学、简便、实用。结论该系统有推广应用价值,适用于中学、大学学生心理健康档案的建立与管理。