Isolation of interleukin 2 (IL-2) from human and mouse lymphocyte culture supernatants by batch adsorption onto silicic acid

Described herein is a simple, efficient and inexpensive batch adsorption procedure for the isolation and partial purification of the hydrophobic T cell growth-promoting lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) from crude culture supernatants (SN) of freshly isolated human lymphocytes and leukemic T cells of established lines including human Jurkat J6.2, Gibbon ape MLA-144 and mouse EL-4. In this method, IL-2 was isolated by batch adsorption onto microparticulate silicic acid (SA) by stir-mixing the SA with SN (10 mg/ml; 30 min; 37 degrees C). Thereafter, the SA was pelleted by centrifugation and washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The IL-2 was eluted by adding to the pelleted IL-2-binding SA 5 vols. of ethylene glycol (EG; 50%, v/v) in PBS (pH 7.2) with high salt (1.4 M NaCl). The lymphokine-rich concentrate was then dialyzed (6 kDa MWCO) against PBS to remove the EG and low molecular weight growth inhibitors. The application of the proposed procedure was further defined in experiments in which SA was successfully employed for recovering IL-2 from SN of cultures in which the medium had been supplemented with fetal calf (FCS) or human serum to achieve maximal lymphokine production. Also presented are the results of experiments defining the SA adsorption of proteins from whole sera (e.g., FCS, calf, human and horse) and the relative affinity of different purified proteins for this matrix (e.g., bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, casein hydrolysate, bovine gamma-globulin and bovine beta-lactoglobulin). The proposed SA procedure may prove useful for isolating other hydrophobic immunoregulatory molecules, and a 2-step purification scheme is anticipated in which the SA adsorption procedure will be used as a preparative method preceding reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography.     

紫外-可见分光光度法快速测定注射用硫酸链霉素的含量

目的采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定硫酸链霉素的含量。方法利用硫酸链霉素的专属反应—麦芽酚反应,用硫酸铁铵溶液作为显色剂,检测波长为528 nm。结果供试品含量在2.0054~10.272 mg的范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9999,加样回收率:99.0%,RSD=0.5%(n=6)。结论该法简便、灵敏、准确,可作为该制剂的快速测定方法。     

提高最后稀释液浓度测定硫酸链霉素含量

本文参照中国药典（１９９０年版）抗生素微生物检定法，应用Ｚ－８２型抗生素抑菌圈而积测量分析仪，测定硫酸链霉素抑菌圈面积与对数剂量的线性关系范围，结果表明，测定硫酸链霉素含量对，最后稀释液浓度范围在５．６～２０单位／ｍｌ内对数剂量与抑菌圈面积呈睦线关系，回收率，可信限率亦较好，抑菌圈有较好的清晰度，其面积所对应的直径在１８～２４ｍｍ，符合中国药典１９９０年版的规定，由此，建议在硫酸链霉素的含量测定中     

复方链霉素滴耳剂含量测定方法的探讨

本文探讨了复方链素滴耳剂中氯霉素，硫酸链霉素的含量测定方法。直接用紫外方法测定氯霉素是可行的；用麦芽酚－硫酸铁铵比色法测定硫酸链霉素时，发现氯霉素有干扰，并初步考究了干扰情况。     

纳米链霉素在小鼠结核病模型中治疗作用的研究

目的 对比研究链霉素纳米制剂与普通制剂--硫酸链霉素注射液在小鼠体内经肠胃外给药时的抗结核活性。方法 雌性BALB/c小鼠尾静脉感染结核分枝杆菌H₃₇Rv 1×10⁷CFU。感染后第2 d开始按照空白对照组、阳性对照组、比较对照组和纳米链霉素SM-NP BSA组、纳米链霉素SM-NP CRM组的剂量和频率分别腹腔注射给药,给药至感染后28 d。在感染的14、28、56 d分别处死每组4只小鼠进行脾、肺活菌计数。结果 SM-NP CRM组在整个实验期间的存活率是100%,SM-NP BSA组第28 d和第56 d的存活率分别为83%和75%。治疗14 d时,比较对照组小鼠脾、肺的菌量较阳性对照组大,而SM-BSA与SM-CRM组小鼠脾、肺的活菌数较阳性对照组降低;治疗4周时,各组的活菌数与2周时相比没有明显变化,但SM-NP BSA与SM-NP CRM组的脾、肺活菌数均比比较对照组低,差异有统计学意义。感染8周时,SM-NP BSA、SM-NP CRM组肺的活菌数量仍比阳性对照组小,差异有统计学意义。结论 纳米链霉素制剂SM-NP BSA、SM-NP CRM与普通链霉素注射液相比,在给药剂量与给药频率降低时,在小鼠急性结核病感染模型中表现的抗菌活性仍与阳性对照相当,值得进一步研究。     

螺旋霉素产生菌抗噬菌体菌株的选育

用Ｃｏ＾６０处理螺旋霉素产生菌ＰＳ，获得了一株抗噬菌体且摇瓶发酵单位比原菌株稍高的突变株Ｒ１０，继而对Ｒ１０进行理性化筛选，在加有２－脱氧葡萄糖的分离培养基上分离到一株抗噬菌体稳定、摇瓶发酵单位又比Ｒ１０高２０％的新突变株，且其摇瓶发酵周期缩短１２ｈ、能耐受更高浓度的自身代谢产物－螺旋霉素。     

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: a new spotlight on an old disease—a case report

Osteomyelitis due to M. avium is extremely rare and frequently fatal. the successful cure of an 11-year-old patient with multiple mycobacterial lesions in the pelvis and right humerus is reported. Although the mycobacteria were in vitro resistant to most antituberculous drugs a five-drug regimen was given over a total of 2½ years. the accumulated streptomycin dose was 160 g but no adverse effects were noted. Streptomycin therapy was judged of major importance for the favourable outcome.     

Expression of leucine-rich-repeat-kinase 2 (LRRK2) during embryonic development

The LRRK2 gene was recently found to have multiple mutations that are causative for the most common inherited form of late onset Parkinson's disease. In the adult brain, LRRK2 mRNA is broadly expressed, also in regions other than the nigrostriatal system. In order to establish a basis for assessing more detailed functional implications of LRRK2 in development, we provide here an in-depth analysis of its mRNA expression patterns in neural and extra-neural tissues with a focus on murine embryonic development. LRRK2 mRNA is detectable at E8.5 in non-neural and at E10.5 in neural tissues. From E12.5 to E16.5, LRRK2 mRNA is prominently expressed throughout the neocortex and subsequently highly concentrated in ventricular and subventricular zones and cortical plate. In addition, developing cerebellar granule and Purkinje neurons and spinal cord neurons display robust LRRK2 expression. In non-neural tissues LRRK2 was highly expressed in limb interdigital zones, developing kidney glomeruli, and spermatogenetic cells. Together, our results suggest roles for LRRK2 in controlling proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural cells as well as in morphogenesis of extra-neural tissues.     

Heterogeneous changes of monophasic action potential induced by sustained stretch in atrium

INTRODUCTION: Chronic enlargement of atrium is common in atrial fibrillation, and the effects of stretch on atrial action potentials seem inconsistent. As atrial muscle is heterogeneous, we suggest that atrial stretch induces a variable electrophysiologic response and that the effects of stretch are only partially mediated by stretch-activated channels. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen guinea pig hearts were perfused by the Langendorff method using Kreb's solution with and without 80 microM streptomycin, which is a stretch-activated channel blocker. Suction electrodes were used to record monophasic action potentials (MAPs) of the left atrium. Left auricular pressure was monitored by a balloon. We determined the MAP duration at 50% and 90% repolarization (MAPD50 and MAPD90) in basal conditions and after a slow onset but sustained stretch of the atrium in the absence and presence of streptomycin. Stretch induced no overall consistent or significant change in mean MAPD50 and MAPD90. The individual responses were markedly variable. The most frequent response (about 50%) was a decrease in MAPD50 and MAPD90. In 25% of cases, there was no change, and in 25% we observed increases in MAPD50 and MAPD90. Streptomycin did not affect MAPD50 and MAPD90, but it dramatically modified the distribution of MAPD changes induced by stretch. In particular, streptomycin removed stretch-induced shortening of MAPD50 and MAPD90, whereas it did not affect stretch-induced lengthening. CONCLUSION: Sustained stretch of atrium induces variable modifications of MAPD that are only partially inhibited by streptomycin. This suggests the participation of ionic channels other than specific stretch-activated channels in the response of atrial myocardium to sustained stretch.