精神病专科医院检验不合格标本的原因分析及对策

[目的]探讨精神病专科医院检验不合格标本的原因,以提高检验分析前质量保证与控制水平。[方法]对2007～2009年检验不合格标本按不同类型、原因和年份进行统计分析。[结果]统计3年标本不合格率为5.88%。血液和培养标本的不合格率较大,分别为6.10%和4.83%,尿液和粪便标本的不合格率为4.36%和3.45%。不合格标本前5项原因是溶血、脂血、标本量不符、标本凝固、标本放置时间过久,不合格比率高达97.41%。连续3年各年份不合格标本间不合格率差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]精神病专科医院有必要通过采取各种有效方法和措施来加强检验分析前质量保证和控制水平以提高标本采集质量。     

HE常规染色技术对鼻咽癌小组织处理的探讨

目的 HE常规染色技术对鼻咽癌小组织标本处理的探讨。方法采将鼻咽癌小组织分为两组,即为常规组和对照组。常规组将送检小组织标本用10%中性福尔马林固定,时间为4～6小时,然后常规脱水、包埋、切片;对照组将送检小组织标本立即置换新鲜配制10%中性福尔马林固定,时间为48小时,然后常规脱水、包埋、切片。结果常规组切片较厚,细胞重叠,着色不均匀,细胞核过染呈灰蓝色。而对照组切片较薄,着色均匀,细胞核和细胞质清晰。结论送检鼻咽癌小组织标本必须经过48小时充分固定,确保制片质量,提高鼻咽癌诊断水平。     

不同厚度普玛黏结剂对冠固位力的影响

目的:探讨不同厚度普玛黏结剂对冠固位力的影响。方法:收集50颗正畸拔除的上颌前磨牙,选取其中30颗牙体按照在代型上涂布间隙剂层数的不同分为A、B、C3组制作金属冠,用普玛黏结剂黏结制成试件,于人工唾液浸泡1个月,循环加载10000次后进行冠固位力的测试。20颗牙体利用CAD/CAM系统制作全瓷冠,依黏结剂厚度分为50μm组和75μm组,分别采用自固化和光固化2种形式黏结制成试件,于人工唾液浸泡1个月后进行冠固位力的测试。结果:A组和B组的固位力明显强于C组的固位力,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),但A、B组的固位力差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。全瓷冠的50μm组的固位力要大于75μm组的固位力,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相同黏结厚度时,光固化和自固化黏结后冠的固位力差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在一定黏结厚度范围内,随着黏结厚度的增加,冠的固位力减小。     

宫腔灌洗联合中药保留灌肠对子宫内膜炎辅助生殖的妊娠预后影响

目的 探讨宫腔灌洗联合中药保留灌肠对体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)失败后行宫腔镜检查示子宫内膜炎患者的治疗作用。     

Adapting yeast as model to study ricin toxin a uptake and trafficking

The plant A/B toxin ricin represents a heterodimeric glycoprotein belonging to the family of ribosome inactivating proteins, RIPs. Its toxicity towards eukaryotic cells results from the depurination of 28S rRNA due to the N-glycosidic activity of ricin toxin A chain, RTA. Since the extention of RTA by a mammalian-specific endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (KDEL) significantly increases RTA in vivo toxicity against mammalian cells, we here analyzed the phenotypic effect of RTA carrying the yeast-specific ER retention motif HDEL. Interestingly, such a toxin (RTA^HDEL) showed a similar cytotoxic effect on yeast as a corresponding RTA^KDEL variant on HeLa cells. Furthermore, we established a powerful yeast bioassay for RTA in vivo uptake and trafficking which is based on the measurement of dissolved oxygen in toxin-treated spheroplast cultures of S. cerevisiae. We show that yeast spheroplasts are highly sensitive against external applied RTA and further demonstrate that its toxicity is greatly enhanced by replacing the C-terminal KDEL motif by HDEL. Based on the RTA resistant phenotype seen in yeast knock-out mutants defective in early steps of endocytosis (∆end3) and/or in RTA depurination activity on 28S rRNA (∆rpl12B) we feel that the yeast-based bioassay described in this study is a powerful tool to dissect intracellular A/B toxin transport from the plasma membrane through the endosomal compartment to the ER.     

俞募配穴法针刺治疗脑卒中后尿潴留疗效观察

目的观察采用俞募配穴法针刺治疗脑卒中后尿潴留的临床疗效。方法将96例脑卒中后尿潴留患者随机分为A、B、C三组,每组32例。A组采用俞募配穴针刺法治疗,B组采用针刺背俞穴治疗,C组采用针刺募穴治疗,2个疗程后进行疗效评定和分析。结果三组患者治疗后残余尿量与治疗前比较,均有明显下降（P〈0.05）;治疗后A组与B组、C组比较,下降更明显（P〈O.05）。A组总有效率与B组和C组比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈O.05）。结论针刺俞募穴治疗脑卒中后尿潴留有较好的临床疗效,俞、募穴相配伍针刺能进一步提高患者的临床疗效。     

穴位贴敷用于预防肛肠术后尿潴留的临床体会

目的：探讨穴位贴敷预防肛肠术后尿潴留的临床效果。方法：将我院收治的肛肠术后尿潴留的患者随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用常规治疗预防,观察组在对照组的基础上选用三阴交、气海两穴进行穴位贴敷,比较两组患者的尿潴留的发生率以及治疗效果。结果：观察组与对照组的尿潴留发生率差异显著,P〈0．01。且观察组患者经治疗后全部治愈,有效率为100％,对照组的有效率为62．5％,P〈0．01。结论：穴位贴敷操作简便,值得临床推广。     

巧用输液器连接一次性使用导尿管行中药保留灌肠

中药保留灌肠是临床常用的一项护理技术,但传统的灌肠法存在一些缺陷,所以采用改良保留灌肠法,即巧用输液器连接一次性使用导尿管行中药保留灌肠,其取得了较好的效果。     

雷火灸配合头针治疗中风后尿潴留的临床研究

目的：观察雷火灸配合头针治疗中风后尿潴留的临床疗效。方法：选择近两年在我院康复中心住院治疗的中风后并发尿潴留的患者15例,分别对其施行局部穴位雷火灸配合头针治疗,每天一次,每次1h,10天为一疗程,共治疗2疗程,疗程间间隔2天,观察第一次治疗后及最后一次治疗后患者膀胱内潴留尿量,并观察患者自主排尿改善情况。结果：最后一次治疗后膀胱内潴留尿量较第一次治疗后明显增多（P〈0.01）;两个疗程后治疗有效率为98%,痊愈率为85%,无效率为2%。结论：雷火灸配合头针治疗中风后尿潴留疗效显著,此疗法不仅可改善患者自主排尿功能,还可以改善患者膀胱储尿功能,临床意义显著,值得临床上广泛应用。     

Supporting newly hired nurses: a program to increase knowledge and confidence while fostering relationships among the team

BACKGROUND. It is important for newly hired nurses to be supported throughout their first year of employment by nurse leaders on their team. Newly hired nurses struggle with application of new clinical skills and critical thinking skills as well as integrating into unit culture. PROGRAM DESIGN. The Post Orientation Education Program (POEP) provided 18 newly hired nurses with clinical knowledge and support through one‐on‐one meetings with the nurse leaders on their unit. The nurse leaders discussed common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and medications in addition to providing support to the newly hired nurses as they adapted to the newness of nursing. Early in their career the newly hired nurses developed relationships with the leadership team that may have taken longer if not for the POEP. The program gave the newly hired nurses an opportunity to experience different teaching styles of the nurse leaders and offered them the chance to engage in conversations about both clinical and nonclinical information. OUTCOMES. The program was evaluated through pre/post tests and written evaluations. Evaluations revealed increased knowledge about common diagnoses, increased confidence in role, and the development of trusting relationships with the leadership team. CONCLUSION. The newly hired nurses valued the time that they spent with the leadership team as it helped them to integrate into the unit and feel comfortable using the leaders as resources for patient care. The POEP proved to be a program that impacted not only relationships among the team, but it increased retention and quality of patient care as the nurses felt supported by the team, knowledgeable about the care they were delivering and confident in their ability to seek out resources. A program like the POEP could be adapted to various healthcare settings based on individual needs of the team.