脑干听觉及体感诱发电位对重型颅脑损伤病人预后的判断

目的分析探讨脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)及体感诱发电位(SEP)与重型颅脑损伤病人预后的关系。方法应用诱发电位仪对85例重型颅脑损伤患者早期行BAEP及SEP检查,并进行动态监测。结果重复检查BAEP及SEP均正常者,预后良好;BAEP及SEP均异常者,预后极差,与其他几组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论BAEP与SEP联合应用并重复检查,可以比较准确的评估重型颅脑损伤患者的预后。     

Difference in cortical activation during use of volar and dorsal hand splints:a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

There have been no studies reported on the difference in cortical activation during use of volar and dorsal hand splints. We attempted to investigate the difference in cortical activation in the somatosensory cortical area during use of volar and dorsal hand splints by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We recruited eight healthy volunteers. fMRI was performed while subjects who were iftted with volar or dorsal hand splints performed grasp-release movements. Regions of interest were placed on the primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and secondary somato-sensory cortex (S2). Results of group analysis of fMRI data showed that the total numbers of activated voxels in all ROIs were significantly higher during use of volar hand splint (3,376) compared with that (1,416) during use of dorsal hand splint. In each ROI, use of volar hand splint induced greater activation in all ROIs (M1:1,748, S1:1,455, PPC:23, and S2:150) compared with use of dorsal hand splint (M1:783, S1:625, PPC:0, and S2:8). The peak activated value was also higher during use of volar hand splint (t-value:17.29) compared with that during use of dorsal hand splint (t-value:13.11). Taken together, use of volar hand splint induced greater cortical activation relevant to somatosensory function than use of dorsal hand splint. This result would be important for the physiatrist and therapist to apply appropriate somatosensory input in patients with brain injury.     

尺神经复合肌肉动作电位改变在吉兰-巴雷综合征和慢性炎性脱髓鞘性周围神经病中的特点

目的：探讨节段和短段刺激尺神经后不同节段复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）负波各参数变化及传导阻滞在吉兰-巴雷综合征（GBS）和慢性炎性脱髓鞘性周围神经病（CIDP）中的意义。方法：20例GBS和12例CIDP患者行尺神经5点分段刺激（腕、肘下、肘上、腋和Erb＇s点）和短段刺激，记录CMAP负波波幅、时程和面积的变化，分析各参数与临床肌力的相关性。结果：在GBS中，尺神经CMAP负波的时程、波幅和面积的变化在Erb’s点到腕部的各节段中差异很大；波幅与面积的衰减与临床肌力呈高度相关（r=-0.905和-0.907）；传导阻滞多见于近端和肘部，时程离散不明显。在CIDP中，各节段中的参数变化差异不大；远端波幅与临床肌力相关（r=0.586）；传导阻滞在各节段均可出现，常伴明显的时程延长。结论：GBS和CIDP中尺神经CMAP负波的波幅、面积和时程3个参数，可从电生理角度帮助我们认识脱髓鞘疾病的特点。     

A randomized trial of aerobic exercise on cognitive control in major depression

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training intervention on cognitive control in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Auditory N100 gating in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic meta-analysis

Objective

The study sought to assess the presence of auditory N100 gating deficits in patients with schizophrenia by meta-analysis.

高颅压患者经颅多普勒超声及体感诱发电位检测

目的 :了解颅内压 (ICP)增高对脑血循环及脑电生理的影响。方法 :对 86例高颅压患者治疗前、后的经颅多普勒超声、体感诱发电位、脑压及血压进行对比研究。结果 :ICP轻度升高脑血流速度增快 ,ICP中重度升高血流速度迅速减慢 ;SEP各波潜伏期延长 ,波幅降低 ,以N2 0 最明显。结论 :ICP与PI、RI、潜伏期、波幅有显著相关性 ,TCD及SEP所测得参数改变可间接推断ICP变化 ,并有助于病情及预后的判断     

Electrophysiological findings in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related peripheral neuropathy

ObjectiveTo report the electrodiagnostic features of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related neuropathy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical presentations and electrodiagnostic features of 23 patients studied after receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The presentations for electrodiagnostic evaluation included an acute neuropathy or neuromuscular junction disorder. We applied established electrodiagnostic criteria for polyneuropathy and acute demyelinating neuropathy.ResultsWe identified acute demyelinating neuropathy (13 cases), axonal sensory motor neuropathy (5), pure sensory neuropathy (4) and mononeuropathy (1). 13 patients had acute demyelinating neuropathy confirmed by demonstrating demyelination in 2 or more nerves; 3 additional patients had demyelination in only one nerve. Analysis of motor nerve conduction parameters revealed demyelination involving median and ulnar nerve distal motor latencies as well as median, ulnar and peroneal nerve conduction velocities. Conduction block was found in median, ulnar and peroneal nerves. The remaining one-third patients without demyelination had acute painful axonal neuropathy. Coexisting myopathic changes (6) and neuromuscular junction dysfunction (4) were also identified.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that, while immune-mediated motor nerve demyelination is the primary underlying mechanism of ICI-related neuropathy, axonal painful neuropathy can also be an important presentation. Early recognition and effective intervention may reduce morbidity and permanent disability.SignificanceElectrophysiological studies might be useful in the evaluation of ICI-related neuropathy.     

Dynamical entrainment of corticospinal excitability during rhythmic movement observation: a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation study

Spontaneous modulations of corticospinal excitability during action observation have been interpreted as evidence for the activation of internal motor representations equivalent to the observed action. Alternatively or complementary to this perspective, growing evidence shows that motor activity during observation of rhythmic movements can be modulated by direct visuomotor couplings and dynamical entrainment. In‐phase and anti‐phase entrainment spontaneously occur, characterized by cyclic movements proceeding simultaneously in the same (in‐phase) or opposite (anti‐phase) direction. Here we investigate corticospinal excitability during the observation of vertical oscillations of an index finger using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from participants’ flexor and extensor muscles of the right index finger, placed in either a maximal steady flexion or extension position, with stimulations delivered at maximal flexion, maximal extension or mid‐trajectory of the observed finger oscillations. Consistent with the occurrence of dynamical motor entrainment, increased and decreased MEP responses – suggesting the facilitation of stable in‐phase and anti‐phase relations but not an unstable 90° phase relation – were found in participants’ flexors. Anti‐phase motor facilitation contrasts with the activation of internal motor representation as it involves activity in the motor system opposite from activity required for the execution of the observed movement. These findings demonstrate the relevance of dynamical entrainment theories and methods for understanding spontaneous motor activity in the brain during action observation and the mechanisms underpinning coordinated movements during social interaction.     

Intraoperative subdural low-noise EEG recording of the high frequency oscillation in the somatosensory evoked potential

Objective

The detectability of high frequency oscillations (HFO, >200 Hz) in the intraoperative ECoG is restricted by their low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Using the somatosensory evoked HFO, we quantify how HFO detectability can benefit from a custom-made low-noise amplifier (LNA).

SSEP and F-wave studies in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and F-wave responses were compared after tibial (PTN) and median (MN) nerve stimulation in patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP). Nineteen patients were evaluated within 2 weeks of AIDP onset. Each had F-wave and PTN-SSEP studies; 18 had MN-SSEP studies. Ten patients had absent or prolonged MN-SSEP latencies, whereas 16 had abnormal MN F-wave studies. Seventeen patients had an abnormal PTN-SSEP while 12 had abnormal PTN F waves. Every patient with an abnormal MN-SSEP also had an abnormal PTN-SSEP. The most common PTN-SSEP findings were an absent or prolonged latency of N8 or N22. All patients had either an abnormal MN F wave or PTN-SSEP.