线上教学在急救技能操作课程中的探索和应用

目的 探索线上教学在技能操作教学中应用的教学效果和新思路。方法 选择2019年秋季学期、2020春季学期四川大学选修《生活中的急救：基本常识与技能》课程的151名学生为研究对象。2020年春季学期选修的77名学生作为试验组,2019年秋季学期选修的74名学生作为对照组。试验组依托线上平台进行急救技能线上学习,对照组采用传统教学。对比两组的教学效果和分析教学满意度。采用SPSS 23.0进行卡方检验和t检验。结果 两组学生在心肺复苏、止血包扎、骨折固定3项技能考核成绩中差异均无统计学意义[（8.65±0.81 vs. 8.69±0.90,P=0.750）; （8.10±0.50 vs. 8.12±0.61,P=0.880）;（8.21±0.89 vs.8.16±0.78,P=0.710）]。试验组参与问卷调查的学生中,59名（95.16%）学生认为本课程对处理日常生活急救有帮助,38名（61.29%）学生不希望将传统授课方式更改为线上教学。结论 线上教学在急救技能操作教学中的应用是可行的,能够达到同样的教学效果,为探索线上急救技能教学提供了新思路。     

Play interview therapy: Its history,theory and practice — A fifty year retrospective account

The method of the play interview offers the fearful child an opportunity to express himself by speaking for a series of dolls representing siblings, parents, teachers or himself. It is not the child who is aggressive, fearful, jealous or desires the parent's affection, but the doll. In this manner, the child learns to make connections between his fears and his unacceptable bad thoughts, feelings or wishes. Improvement occurs after several play interviews.This article is dedicated to Dr. Leo Kanner (1894–1981), former Director of the Children's Psychiatric Service of the Johns Hopkins HospitalLecture given to the Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Md, 21205, on September 6, 1988.     

Social isolation stress augments angiogenesis induced by colon 26-L5 carcinoma cells in mice

We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is an important angiogenesis-related factor, was over-secreted in male BALB/c mice under social isolation stress as compared with the control, and closely associated with a remarkable elevation of tumor invasion and metastasis of colon 26-L5 carcinoma cells. In the present study, we explored the effect of isolation stress on the angiogenesis caused by colon 26-L5 carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Social isolation lead to the enhancement of tumor growth after intrahepatic implantation with a fragment of colon 26-L5 tumor. Angiogenic response (number of vessels oriented towards tumor mass) and tumor growth (size) were significantly increased in the socially isolated mouse relative to that in the group-housed mice. Furthermore, higher protein level of hepatic TNF-α was found in the stressed mice than that in the control. Expression of mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were also elevated in the tumor regions and liver tissues of the stressed mice in comparison with that in group-housed mice. On the other hand, hepatic sinusoidal endothelial (HSE) cells treated with TNF-α exhibited a marked promotion of the migration, invasion, expression of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and tube-like formation, but no cytotoxicity against the cells in vitro. The above data suggest that the social isolation stress augmented the tumor-induced angiogenesis probably by up-regulating the angiogenesis-related factors, including TNF-α, VEGF and HGF, and consequently mediating the functions of endothelial cells such as migration, invasion, and tube-like formation.     

The Genetic Relationship Between Social Cognition and Conduct Problems

Studies of children and adolescents with conduct problems suggest both genetic and environmental influences on population variance. Any genetic influence is likely to be complex and to act via mediating attributes of personality or cognitive style. One potential mediating attribute is social cognitive ability, as conduct problems have been shown to be associated with deficient social cognitive skills. The current investigation has examined the correlation between conduct problems and social cognition and has investigated the genetic and environmental influences on these measures and their covariation using a twin design. A population-based sample of twins aged 5-17 was used to examine the genetic relationship between conduct problems and social cognition using parent-report questionnaires. Conduct problems and social cognition were found to be highly correlated and to share common genetic influences that accounted for about half the covariation in scores. Each phenotype was subject to its own environmental influences that were not shared.     

大学生个体印象管理对其社会网络质量的影响

目的:研究个体印象管理对其社会网络质量的影响。方法:选用社会网络调查法、大学生印象管理量表,对46名大学生进行调查。结果:印象管理建构的提高不利于朋友网和沟通网的强联系人数量的增加(β分别为-1.04和-1.33,P分别小于0.05和0.01;F值分别为4.19和6.45,P分别小于0.05和0.01),而印象管理动机对强联系人的数量并没有影响,并且印象管理动机和印象管理结构都不影响个体为中心网络的紧密性。结论:只有个体印象管理的建构部分不利于其社会网络中的强联系人数量的增加。其他部分对社会网络无明显影响。     

Health-related quality of life in relation to gender and age in couples planning IVF treatment

BACKGROUND: Specific subgroups of people planning IVF might be at risk of having more psychological or health-related problems. Identification of subgroups at risk may better enable allocation of appropriate counselling. METHODS: A group of 425 men and 447 women planning to undergo IVF treatment filled out a questionnaire. Four domains of health-related quality of life were measured, namely perceived emotional, physical, cognitive and social functioning. RESULTS: Young men and women (aged 21-30 years) planning IVF had more short-term social and emotional problems than people of the same age group in the general population. No substantial differences were found in cognitive and physical functioning for all age groups of men nor women planning IVF compared with the general population. A high level of irrational parenthood cognitions substantially accounted for a less optimal score on all the different domains of quality of life. These cognitions ('needing a child in order to live a happy life') were especially prevalent among younger women. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high levels of irrational parenthood cognitions are at risk of a less optimal quality of life. A short cognitive counselling therapy is advised for patients with high levels of these cognitions.     

Relationship quality moderates the effect of social support given by close friends on cardiovascular reactivity in women

We examined the role of the type of support provided, gender of support provider, and relationship quality in predicting how social support might influence cardiovascular reactivity during acute stress in women. A group of 88 women received either emotional, instrumental, or no support from a close female or male friend while performing a series of speech tasks. Results suggest that the effectiveness of social support for women depended primarily on the quality of the friendship (i.e., purely positive, or ambivalent). More specifically, women who interacted with a female, ambivalent friend had the largest changes in diastolic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and pre-ejection period compared to the other conditions. Furthermore, receiving emotional support from a purely positive friend was related to lower increases in cardiac output (CO) compared to a no-support condition. In contrast, receiving emotional support from an ambivalent friend was related to larger increases in CO and only small changes in TPR when compared to individuals in the no-support condition. These data are discussed in light of the psychosocial processes underlying social support effects in women, and the importance of a more comprehensive view of how close relationships influence cardiovascular function. This research was generously supported by Grant1 R01 MH58690-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health awarded to Bert N. Uchino.     

"重返社区技能训练"对精神分裂症康复的作用

目的 :探讨重返社区技能训练对缓解社区精神分裂症患者的精神症状和改善其社会功能方面的作用。方法 :将 5 0例非急性期的社区精神分裂症患者随机分为技能训练组 (以下简称训练组 ;2 5例 )和对照组 (2 5例 ,其中脱落 2例 )。对技能训练组进行技能训练共 4周 ,然后随访 12周。采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表 (PANSS)、MorningSide康复状态量表 (MRSS)对患者进行评估。结果 :训练组患者的PANSS评分(3 9 96± 7 44 )、阴性量表总分 (11 92± 5 13 )、一般精神病理量表总分 (2 0 60± 2 95 )优于对照组 (分别为45 77± 8 95、 15 13± 4 79、 2 3 5 0± 5 3 7,P <0 0 5 ) ;训练组患者的MRSS总分 (3 1 60± 17 3 7)、依赖量表总分 (7 2 8± 5 41)、活动能力缺乏量表总分 (9 0 8± 5 5 2 )均优于对照组 (分别为 44 68± 13 61、 11 77± 5 17、15 0 0± 4 48) ;训练组的复发率 (4 % )低于对照组 (17% ) ,但差异无显著性。结论 :在药物治疗的基础上 ,重返社区技能训练能改善精神分裂症患者的症状及其社会功能     

系统脱敏与冲击疗法治疗社交恐怖症的疗效比较

使用系统脱敏疗法和冲击疗法各治疗一组社交恐怖症,随访一年,两组疗效比较,治愈率系统脱敏组为30.7%,冲击组为26.6%。差异不显著(u-0.2397,p>0.05),而系统脱敏疗法循序渐进、病人乐意接受,冲击疗法,虽疗程较短,但患者心理似不易承受.