立体定向软通道穿刺术对高血压脑出血患者应激状态及脑血流的影响

目的分析立体定向软通道穿刺术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效,分析其对患者应激状态和脑血流的影响。方法将160例高血压脑出血患者随机分为2组,对照组和观察组各80例。对照组患者采用常规开颅手术治疗,观察组则进行立体定向软通道穿刺术。比较2组间治疗效果,并观察氧化应激相关指标[包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、脂质过氧化产物(LPO)及总抗氧化能力(TAC)]和大脑中动脉血流指标[包括收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张压末期血流速度(EDV)、血流速度(Vm)、血管搏动指数(PI)及阻力指数(RI)]的变化。结果治疗后第1、3、12个月2组间疗效均无显著差异(分别为85.00%vs.87.50%,86.25%vs.88.75%,93.75%vs.93.75%,P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗第1天2组患者SOD、GSH-PX水平显著降低,MDA、LPO水平和TAC值则显著升高(P<0.05),而治疗第7天均有所恢复。治疗第1、7天后,观察组血清MDA和LPO水平显著低于对照组,SOD、GSH-PX水平和TAC值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗第1、7天,2组PSV、EDV、Vm、Pl与治疗前相比显著升高,RI则显著降低(P<0.05)。治疗1、7天后,观察组患者PSV、EDV、Vm、PI均显著大于对照组,Rl则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用立体定向软通道穿刺术治疗高血压脑出血相比于传统开颅手术,具有对患者应激影响小,术后脑血流恢复快的优点,且长期疗效良好。     

Successful treatment of a recurrent post-dural puncture headache with an epidural blood patch 18 months after the initial dural puncture

Inadvertent dural puncture is a recognised complication of epidural insertion. Parturients are at increased risk of developing a post-dural puncture headache, which can be debilitating for a mother caring for a newborn infant. Epidural blood patch is an effective treatment in patients presenting acutely with post-dural puncture headaches but its efficacy in those with delayed presentation or with late recurrent post-dural puncture headache is less clear. We present the case of a woman with a recurrent post-dural puncture headache who was successfully treated with an epidural blood patch 18 months after the initial dural puncture. Patients who develop post-dural puncture headaches may remain symptomatic for some time and an epidural blood patch may be beneficial, following appropriate investigation.     

腰穿持续外引流的护理及并发症观察

腰穿持续外引流是指用体外监测引流系统进行腰椎穿刺，接一次性脑室引流袋，通过调节引流袋的高度，脑脊液经腰大池缓慢、均匀引出体外的一种治疗方法［1 ］ 。目前，该方法具有损伤小、操作简便、带管时间长、感染率低、疗效明显、并发症小等优点，得到临床广泛推广。我院2012 年6 月－ 2014 年6月，对87 例神经外科患者进行腰穿持续外引流，现将护理体会总结如下。     

Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery: Advantages,Limitations, and Our Techniques to Overcome Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage: Technical Note

In recent years, resections of midline skull base tumors have been conducted using endoscopic endonasal skull base (EESB) approaches. Nevertheless, many surgeons reported that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is still a major complication of these approaches. Here, we report the results of our 42 EESB surgeries and discuss the advantages and limits of this approach for resecting various types of tumors, and also report our technique to overcome CSF leakage. All 42 cases involved midline skull base tumors resected using the EESB technique. Dural incisions were closed using nasoseptal flaps and fascia patch inlay sutures. Total removal of the tumor was accomplished in seven pituitary adenomas (33.3%), five craniopharyngiomas (62.5%), five tuberculum sellae meningiomas (83.3%), three clival chordomas (100%), and one suprasellar ependymoma. Residual regions included the cavernous sinus, the outside of the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery, the lower lateral part of the posterior clivus, and the posterior pituitary stalk. Overall incidence of CSF leakage was 7.1%. Even though the versatility of the approach is limited, EESB surgery has many advantages compared to the transcranial approach for managing mid-line skull base lesions. To avoid CSF leakage, surgeons should have skills and techniques for complete closure, including use of the nasoseptal flap and fascia patch inlay techniques.