贵州天麻野生与栽培品种的简单序列重复标记鉴定

目的:利用简单序列重复(SSR)分子标记鉴定贵州天麻4个居群的野生和栽培品种.方法:合成8对SSR引物用于天麻基因组DNA的PCR扩增.结果:除引物对16外均能很好地区分野生天麻、无性繁殖天麻及有性繁殖天麻,其中有性繁殖天麻均扩增出2条带,为杂合子;野生天麻及无性繁殖天麻只扩增出1条带,为纯合子.结论:天麻的自交及杂交是形成纯合与杂合的原因.SSR分子标记可有效地区分纯合子及杂合子,从而使其能够在分子水平鉴定野生和栽培天麻.     

呼吸道病毒基因在儿童肾病综合征白细胞的表达和抑制研究

目的通过研究呼吸道病毒基因在外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）的表达和抑制，探讨呼吸道病毒感染与激素敏感型单纯性肾病综合征（SRSNS）发病的相关性。方法采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）法，分别在反义寡核苷酸（ASONs）转染至外周血单个核细胞前后检测呼吸道病毒基因的表达。结果SRSNS组患儿PBMC中呼吸道病毒基因检出率均高于肾炎性肾病组、紫癜性肾炎及正常对照组，SRSNS患儿PBMC中呼吸道病毒基因的表达其相应的反义寡核苷酸所抑制。结论呼吸道病毒确实存在于SRSNS患儿体内，其基因的表达能被能被其相应的反义寡核苷酸所抑制。呼吸道病毒感染作为主要触发因素，可能为SRSNS的重要发病机制。     

复发性单纯疱疹性角膜炎患者血清IL-2及SIL-2R水平的研究

目的研究复发性单纯疱疹性角膜炎患者血清白细胞介素-2（IL－2）及其可溶性白细胞介素-2受体（SIL－2R）水平。方法本文测定了30例复发性单纯疱疹性角膜炎患者（实验组）和25例健康人（对照组）血清白细胞介素－2（IL－2）及其可溶性白细胞介素－2受体（SIL－2R）的水平。结果对照组IL－2的水平为5．41±1．45mg·L－1,实验组IL－2R水平为2．80±1.47mg·L-1,2组比较t＝2．90,P＜0．01,说明复发性单纯疱疹性角膜炎患者血清IL－2水平较对照组明显降低。对照组SIL－2R水平为90．86±17．90mg·L－1,实验组SIL－2R水平为171·46±19.30mg·L－1,2组比较t＝5．17,P＜0．01。复发性单纯疱疹性角膜炎患者血清SlL－2R水平较对照组显著升高。结论复发性单纯疱疹性角膜炎患者体内免疫功能紊乱,血清IL－2活性降低、SlL－2R水平升高可能是其原因之一,这也为免疫治疗提供了一定依据。     

抵挡汤早期干预对2型糖尿病大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α与血管细胞黏附分子-1表达的影响

目的观察抵挡汤早期干预对2型糖尿病大鼠血管病变中大血管的保护作用,探讨其机制。方法采用高脂饲料喂养及链脲佐菌素诱导方法制成大鼠糖尿病模型,抵挡汤早期干预组、抵挡汤中期干预组和抵挡汤晚期干预组分别于实验成模前4周、成模和成模后4周给予抵挡汤灌胃,辛伐他汀组和罗格列酮组大鼠于成模时分别给予辛伐他汀和罗格列酮灌胃,至实验24周时结束。酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠血清血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）水平,实时荧光定量PCR法检测主动脉肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）mRNA表达。结果与正常对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠血清VCAM-1水平明显升高（P〈0.05）,主动脉TNF-αmRNA表达明显升高（P〈0.05）;与模型对照组比较,抵挡汤早期干预组和辛伐他汀组大鼠血清VCAM-1水平明显降低（P〈0.05）,并且抵挡汤早期干预组、抵挡汤中期干预组和罗格列酮组大鼠主动脉TNF-αmRNA的表达明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论抵挡汤早期干预能抑制大鼠主动脉TNF-αmRNA表达升高,抑制大血管病变的炎性损伤,延缓糖尿病大血管病变的发展,发挥其保护大血管的作用。     

开口箭ISSR-PCR实验反应体系条件的优化

目的:建立与优化药用植物开口箭ISSR-PCR实验反应体系.方法:以开口箭DNA为材料,分析了Mg2+,dNTP,引物及Taq DNA聚合酶浓度对ISSR-PCR扩增结果的影响.结果:确立了稳定的、可重复的开口箭ISSR最佳反应体系,即在10 μL的PCR反应体系中,含1 × buffer,2 U Taq DNA聚合酶,2 mmol·L-1 MgCl2,0.2 mmol·L-1 dNTP,0.75 μL引物.结论:从80条简单序列重复区间(ISSR)通用引物中筛选出了16条条带清晰稳定的引物,设置了不同的引物退火温度,为进一步进行开口箭的遗传多样性分析的研究奠定了基础.     

Impacto del consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en la enfermedad renal crónica

The modern diet is closely linked to the consumption of processed foods, causing an increase in the intake of salt, simple sugars, phosphorus and added potassium. This excess intake is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD, which according to data from the ENRICA study affects 15% of the population, magnifies its impact due to the higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and due to limitations in the management of sodium and phosphorus. The intake of these products far exceeds the established recommendations, assuming 72% of total sodium, 25-35% of phosphorus, 12-18% of potassium and exceeding 10% of the caloric intake in simple sugars. Measures are necessary to reduce their contribution through nutritional advice, labeling review, education campaigns on healthy habits, fees and institutional actions that involve food safety agencies, industry, distribution and scientific societies.     

Corneal epithelial stem cells for corneal injury

Introduction: Ocular surface diseases with limbal insufficiency represent a therapeutic challenge for restoring vision. This corneal deficiency includes both classical ocular diseases (as chemical burns) and rare ocular diseases (as congenital aniridia and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid).

Areas covered: Our understanding of limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) has increased the potential for treatment options. Pharmacological treatment strategies (as regenerating agent ophthalmic solutions) and especially surgical treatment strategies are available. Isolated LESCs can be produced by limbal primary cultures obtained from explants or cell suspensions. We review the latest cornea surgery techniques.

Expert opinion: The adjunction of human limbal mesenchymal cells as a support for limbal stem cell primary cultures appears to be of great interest. Recently, human-induced pluripotent stem cells have allowed the generation of minicorneal organoids. This potential means of creating a three-dimensional cornea with in vitro maturation opens up important research areas for corneal regeneration therapy.     

Simple Renal Cyst Prevalence in Internal Medicine Department and Concomitant Diseases

A total of 684 patients who had not been diagnosed with renal cyst but had undergone abdominal ultrasonography for various reasons were evaluated. Patients with and without renal cyst were classified into two groups and were compared in terms of hypertension (HT), hyperlipidemia (HL), diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity (body mass index: ≥30 kg/m²) prevalence. Although 94 patients (13.7%) were established with a renal cyst, 590 patients (86.3%) did not have a renal cyst. The mean age of the patients established with a simple renal cyst was 67.3 ± 12.1 years (range: 28–82 years); 54 (57.4%) of them were women and 40 (42.6%) were men. Of the patients established with a simple renal cyst, 64 (68.1%) had HT, 40 (42.6%) had DM, 20 (21.3%) had HL, 42 (44.7%) were obese, 18 (19.1%) had nephrolithiasis, and 6 (6.4%) had urinary tract infection. Of the patients without a cyst, 272 (46.1%) had DM, 212 (35.9%) had HT, 122 (20.7%) had HL, and 96 (16.3%) were obese. HT and obesity were significantly higher in patients with a renal cyst when compared with those without a cyst. However, although HL incidence was higher in patients with a cyst, the difference was not significant statistically. HT, HL, and obesity are more prevalent in patients with a renal cyst when compared with patients without. Consequently, patients with a simple renal cyst should be evaluated and followed up in terms of atherosclerotic risk factors.