ABSTRACT This article describes the outcomes of a videotape self-monitoring project involving two graduate student clinicians enrolled in a clinical practicum in a speech-language pathology program. The goal of the project was to increase the clinicians' use of child-centered, interaction-promoting, and language-promoting strategies while interacting with preschool children with autism. The graduate student clinicians viewed videotapes of their weekly therapy sessions to identify and self-monitor their use of the interactive strategies with the children. The supervisees' and supervisor's ratings of the videotaped sessions were compared to each other and to the videotaped observational data. The outcomes are discussed from a developmental perspective for both supervisor and supervisees. 相似文献
In patients with diabetic end stage renal disease (ESRD), glycated albumin (GA) reflects recent glycemic control more accurately than glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). We evaluated the relationship between GA and average blood glucose (AG) level and developed an estimating equation for translating GA values into easier-to-understand AG levels.
Materials and Methods
A total of 185 ESRD patients, including 154 diabetic and 31 non-diabetic participants, were enrolled (108 hemodialysis, 77 peritoneal dialysis). Patients were asked to perform four-point daily self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose (SMBG) at least three consecutive days each week for four weeks. Serum levels of GA, HbA1c and other biochemical parameters were checked at baseline, as well as at 4 and 8 weeks.
Results
Approximately 74.3±7.0 SMBG readings were obtained from each participant and mean AG was 169.1±48.2 mg/dL. The correlation coefficient between serum GA and AG levels (r=0.70, p<0.001) was higher than that of HbA1c and AG (r=0.54, p<0.001). Linear regression analysis yielded the following equation: estimated AG (eAG) (mg/dL)=4.71×GA%+73.35, and with this formula, serum GA levels could be easily translated to eAG levels. Multivariate analysis revealed significant contributions of postprandial hyperglycemia (β=0.25, p=0.03) and serum albumin (β=0.17, p=0.04) in determining serum GA level, independent to other clinical parameters.
Conclusion
Compared to HbA1c, serum GA levels were better correlated with AG levels. Using the estimating equation, an average blood glucose level of 155-160 mg/dL could be matched to a GA value of 18-19% in patients with ESRD. 相似文献
Clinical programs for the treatment of impotence generally have been successful but without experimental verification of their individual components or factors associated with the development of impotence. Twenty-four normal males participated in an investigation comparing factors believed to inhibit or facilitate penile tumescence. The effects of demand for performance, self-monitoring of erection, and increased SNS activity, were evaluated. Subjects were exposed to sexual stimuli under these conditions and measurements of penile responses were taken. Results indicated that there were no differential effects on penile responses between demand and no-demand or between self-monitoring and no self-monitoring. Increased SNS activity appeared to facilitate loss of erection, but only after, and not during, the sexual stimulus. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research. 相似文献
Background: Jargon aphasia is a complex acquired language disorder which is characterised by fluent verbal output and usually accompanied by poor error monitoring. Written or graphemic jargon may or may not co-occur with spoken jargon. Intervention to address jargon behaviour is difficult to design due to the presence of poor self-monitoring of errors.
Aims: This study investigated the potential underpinning language and cognitive systems in the production of jargon behaviour and the ability to monitor spoken errors. We propose that jargon behaviour – poor language monitoring and jargon output – arise from an intersection of impaired language and cognitive systems.
Methods & Procedures: Six individuals with jargon aphasia participated in the study. A range of background language and cognition tests were selected. Experimental tests were designed to measure participants’ abilities to monitor their spoken and written output.
Outcomes & Results: Only three of the six participants were able to complete the full assessment battery, with each participant demonstrating a different profile of results across the experimental language monitoring tests. Participants who were better at monitoring their speech (AJ, AE, and LS) scored on the higher end of tests on access to auditory discrimination and repetition. Results from the background cognitive tests identified a range of cognitive impairments including difficulties with attention, problem solving, and sequencing.
Conclusions: Participants with relatively well-preserved skills in auditory discrimination and repetition were better at monitoring their spoken output. This suggests that language competence has a contribution to self-monitoring. All participants were found to have previously unidentified significant cognitive deficits. The significance of this is discussed in relation to language monitoring skills and potential treatment approaches. 相似文献
Most general alcohol consumption population surveys are meant to represent the year consumption, although they actually ask only for habitual drinking and/or frequencies and quantities of binge drinking in the past months. These surveys typically cover about half of the alcohol sales figures. In order to enhance sales coverage and to reduce seasonal bias, we developed a year consumption questionnaire on the basis of daily and weekly drinking adding 13 categories of less-than-weekly drinking occasions over the year. As a first test we offered the new questionnaire together with a traditional typical week questionnaire, in different modes to various groups adding up to a purposive high diversity sample of 101 drinking persons (56 women, 44 men, 16–69 years old, mean age 34 years). After correction for overlaps between weekly habits and less-than-weekly occasions, the new questionnaire produces considerably higher reports of annual consumption, compared with the typical-week-based estimates of year consumption. Limitations of the study are discussed. 相似文献
In this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Rao and colleagues present a comparison of three iPhone diabetes data management applications: the Diamedic Diabetes Logbook, Blood Sugar Diabetes Control, and WaveSense Diabetes Manager. These applications provide patients the ability to enter blood glucose readings manually, view graphs and simple statistics, and email data to health care providers. While these applications show promise, they are limited in their current forms. All require manual data entry and none convert insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios to insulin dose. Future development of these types of technology should consider integration with blood glucose meters and expanded calculation capabilities, as well as monitoring of other risk factors, e.g., blood pressure and lipids, and tracking of preventive examinations, e.g., eye, foot, and renal. 相似文献