The impact of didactic read‐aloud action cards on the performance of cannula cricothyroidotomy in a simulated ‘can't intubate can't oxygenate’ scenario

Significant benefits have been demonstrated with the use of peri‐operative checklists. We assessed whether a read‐aloud didactic action card would improve performance of cannula cricothyroidotomy in a simulated ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ scenario. A 17‐step action card was devised by an expert panel. Participants in their first 4 years of anaesthetic training were randomly assigned into ‘no‐card’ or ‘card’ groups. Scenarios were video‐recorded for analysis. Fifty‐three participants (27 no‐card and 26 card) completed the scenario. The number of steps omitted was mean (SD) 6.7 (2.0) in the no‐card group vs. 0.3 (0.5); p < 0.001 in the card group, but the no‐card group was faster to oxygenation by mean (95% CI) 35.4 (6.6–64.2) s. The Kappa statistic was 0.84 (0.73–0.95). Our study demonstrated that action cards are beneficial in achieving successful front‐of‐neck access using a cannula cricothyroidotomy technique. Further investigation is required to determine this tool's effectiveness in other front‐of‐neck access situations, and its role in teaching or clinical management.     

康复辅具与生物力学

随着老龄化加剧,康复辅具的作用和意义凸显。近来,国务院发布了发展中国康复辅具产业的若干意见,对康复辅具创新提出了新的要求。无论是运动康复训练系统、矫形器、假肢、还是助行器等康复辅具,都与生物力学有密切的关系。本期专刊收录了数篇与康复、康复辅具研发密切相关的生物力学论文,为康复工程、康复辅具研发提供参考。     

Evidence-based post-exercise recovery strategies in basketball

Basketball can be described as a moderate-to-long duration exercise including repeated bouts of high-intensity activity interspersed with periods of low to moderate active recovery or passive rest. A match is characterized by repeated explosive activities, such as sprints, jumps, shuffles and rapid changes in direction. In top-level modern basketball, players are frequently required to play consecutive matches with limited time to recover. To ensure adequate recovery after any basketball activity (i.e., match or training), it is necessary to know the type of fatigue induced and, if possible, its underlying mechanisms. Despite limited scientific evidence to support their effectiveness in facilitating optimal recovery, certain recovery strategies are commonly utilized in basketball. It is particularly important to optimize recovery because players spend a much greater proportion of their time recovering than they do in training. Therefore, the main aim of this report is to facilitate useful information that may lead to practical application, based on the scientific evidence and applied knowledge specifically in basketball.     

决策辅助在关节置换病人中的应用效果

目的：探讨决策辅助在关节置换病人中的应用效果。方法将2014年1月至2014年10月于我科行关节置换的120例病人以简单随机化法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上实施决策辅助。采用焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表评估两组病人术后3d的焦虑、抑郁情况,采用SF?36健康调查量表评估两组病人出院1个月后的生活质量,采用Harris髋关节评分系统或美国特种外科医院（American hospital for special surgery, HSS）膝关节评分系统评估两组病人术后出院当天、出院1个月后的关节功能。结果两组病人焦虑得分、生活质量评分体系中的社会功能、精神健康、精力、躯体疼痛4个维度的得分以及关节功能得分比较,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论决策辅助能改善关节置换病人的焦虑和关节功能,在一定程度上提高其生活质量。     

Playfulness in Children with Limited Motor Abilities When Using a Robot

Aims: Children with limited gross motor and manual abilities have fewer opportunities to engage in free play. We investigated the effect of a robotic intervention on the playfulness of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: We used a partially nonconcurrent multiple baseline design with four children and their mothers. Children were classified in level IV or V on the Gross Motor Function and Manual Ability Classification Systems. The intervention was the availability of an adapted Lego robot during a 15-min free play session between the child and mother. There were two sessions per week for about 14 weeks. Playfulness was measured using the Test of Playfulness. Results: Statistical comparisons using the 2 SD band and X-moving range chart methods revealed that all the children's levels of playfulness increased significantly while they played with the robot. Comparison of baseline and follow-up phase indicated that three children had retention of improved level of playfulness. Conclusion: Play with adapted Lego robots increased the level of playfulness in all four children during free play with their mothers. The findings have implications for providing children with limitations in motor abilities opportunities for free play with family and friends.     

Comparison of the CAM2A and NAL-NL2 hearing-aid fitting methods for participants with a wide range of hearing losses

Objective: To compare preferences for sounds processed via a simulated five-channel compression hearing aid fitted using CAM2A and NAL-NL2. Design: Within a trial, the same segment of sound was presented twice, once with CAM2A settings and once with NAL-NL2 settings, in random order. The participant indicated which one was preferred and by how much. Stimuli included female and male speech in quiet and four types of music. The compression speed was slow or fast and the input sound level was 50, 65, or 80 dB SPL. Study sample: Sixteen experienced hearing-aid users with a wide range of sensorineural hearing losses. Results: For both compression speeds, CAM2A was slightly preferred over NAL-NL2 for input levels of 65 and 80 dB, but NAL-NL2 was slightly preferred at 50 dB SPL. Conclusions: Preferences for CAM2A relative to NAL-NL2 vary with input level. The results suggest that preferences for CAM2A might be increased by using lower gains for high frequencies and low input levels.     

Has small-scale audio-visual dental health education a viable future?

The achievement of an adequate oral hygiene status in large groups of people remains an unfulfilled objective of the dental profession. In this study an attempt was made to motivate 180 pregnant women by showing them a tape-slide program. The subjects were randomly allocated into four statistically equal experimental groups. Two examiners, who were calibrated before commencement of the survey, measured Gingival and Plaque Indices of each subject and a questionnaire was used to assess the educational potential of the tape-slide sequence over a period of 4 weeks. There was a 100% incidence of gingivitis in the study population. Those women who viewed the tape-slide program in addition to being dentally examined, achieved the greatest reduction in their GI and retained the most information. The tape-slide sequence alone did not initiate a satisfactory degree of behavioral change; similar studies have also had discouraging results and it would appear that individual attention and motivation is the only sure way to date of achieving adequate personal plaque control.     

智能方向性技术(PDI)的临床应用

目的　探讨智能方向性技术 (precisiondirectionalimaging ,PDI)在噪声环境下对患者语言理解力的作用。方法　回顾性的分析 16例年龄 2 1～ 86岁的中重度听力障碍患者使用智能方向性 (PDI)与非方向性 (omni-di rectional)助听器的效果观察。结果　 16例患者 (2 1只助听器 )在安静环境下偏好非方向性模式。在噪声环境下 ,偏好智能方向性模式。在噪声环境下 ,使用PDI摸式提高了语言识别率 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　使用智能方向性助听器有助于听障患者在噪声环静下的聆听效果。     

盲/低视力儿童视力康复和阅读功能研究

目的：观察盲校及低视力门诊的15周岁以下患者，用低视力助视器对其视力特别是阅读功能进行康复和评估。方法：总共有55位来自盲校和低视力门诊的儿童，其好眼的最佳远矫正视力都低于4．5，进行低视力助视器的验配和训练，然后进行望远镜助视器视觉评价、近用助视器视觉评价和在配戴近用助视器的基础上，对患儿的阅读功能进行评怙。结果：戴远用助视器前后盲童的脱盲率为33、3％，戴运用助视器前后低视力患儿的脱残率为87．1％。戴低视力助视器前后患儿阅读四号字的速度差异有显著性(t=5．238；P=0.001)；戴低视力助视器前后患儿阅读小五号字的速度差异有显著性(t=4．818；P=0．008)。结论：低视力助视器对盲／低视力患儿视觉康复有效，不仅可有效地改善视力，而且可提高阅读速度，对患儿进一步接受教育极其重要。