Self-esteem as a predictor of toothbrushing behaviour in young adolescents

A survey of 4075 14-year-old children from secondary schools throughout England was made to obtain information about toothbrushing frequency, motivation for mouth care, and self-esteem. Subjects completed a questionnaire, anonymously, in class. Toothbrushing frequency was found to increase significantly with increasing self-esteem in males (P less than 0.0001) and females (P less than 0.05). However, there was no consistent variation with self-esteem in those brushing 3 or more times per day, in either sex. There was a significant variation in the main reason given for mouth care between the sexes (P less than 0.0001); proportionately more females (67%) than males (57%) gave cleanliness or cosmetic effect as the principal reason for mouth care. A variation was observed in the mean reason given for mouth care with self-esteem in females (P less than 0.05), but not in males. However, in both sexes, as self-esteem improved, there was a consistent increase in the proportions of individuals who brushed their teeth to make them feel clean. These findings suggest there may be a positive relationship between self-esteem and toothbrushing behaviour and motivation for mouth care in adolescents.     

Individual and organizational well-being in psychiatric nursing: a cross-cultural study

Although health care systems around the world are undergoing rapid changes, there is an absence of comparative studies of how these changes affect nurses' well-being and work life. The purpose of this study was (i) to identify and describe possible differences between the psycho-social work environments of English and Swedish mental health nurses, and (ii) to attempt to explain these differences. 1016 psychiatric nurses from Stockholm (Sweden) and Birmingham (England) responded to a postal questionnaire on their psycho-social work environment and feelings of professional fulfillment, mental energy and work-related exhaustion. The study was given ethical clearance in Stockholm and Birmingham. Results indicated that while the English nurses rated their organizational well-being more favourably, Swedish psychiatric nurses reported greater individual well-being than their counterparts. Multiple regression analyses indicated that self-esteem was important for explaining mental energy and work-related exhaustion, but less so for explaining professional fulfillment, which was predicted primarily by organizational factors. When controlling for self-esteem, which was higher amongst the Swedish nurses, the differences in professional fulfillment and mental health were no longer significant. Reasons for the differences in self-esteem and experiences of the workplace are discussed. Low response rate may have contributed to a selection bias.     

面部轮廓的改善对女性自尊的影响

目的：探讨面部轮廓的改善对女性求美者自尊的影响和作用。方法：运用美容手术的方法改善面部轮廓，采用焦虑自评量表（self-rating anxiety scale，SAS），抑郁自评量表（self-rating depression scale，SDS），自尊量表（self-esteem scale，SES），躯体自信量表（thebody-esteem scale，BES），体像障碍自评量表（body dysmorphic disorder，BDD），分别对健康的、面型不协调的、或对自身面型不满意的160例女性求美者进行治疗前、后问卷调查，所得数据进行统计学处理。结果：面部轮廓改善后的各自评量表分值与术前相比均存在明显差异（P〈0．01），具有极显著性意义。结论：面部轮廓的改善对女性求美者的自尊具有积极的影响和作用。     

The influence of father-daughter relationship and girls' sex-roles on girls' self-esteem

Summary The aim of this study was to explain how a father-daughter relationship and a girl's femininity has an influence on a girl's self-esteem by examining the relationship among paternal rearing, a girl's self-esteem, and a girl's femininity. Subjects were 319 girls attending junior high school and high school. Paternal rearing, girls' self-esteem, and their femininity were measured on the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, respectively. Fathers' overprotection had significant negative correlation with daughters' self-esteem in the junior high school students (r = −0.32, p < 0.01), but not in the high school students. While, daughters' femininity significantly correlated with their self-esteem both in the junior high school students (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) and in the high school students (r = 0.48, p < 0.01).     

论聋生自尊的影响因素及其测量方法的改进

自尊作为自我知觉中一个基本成分，是目前社会认知研究的主要内容之一。作为社会中一个特殊的群体，聋生更渴望心理上的自我实现。随着内隐社会认知研究的迅速发展，内隐自尊也随之成为研究的热点之一，其研究方法不同于对外显自尊的测量方法。本文通过阐述聋生自尊的影响因素，结合内隐联想测验法的原理，探讨对聋生自尊进行深入研究的方向和方法。     

Internal attribution and self-esteem in depression: A theoretical note

The attributional reformulation of learned helplessness theory proposes that causal judgments on the internal/external dimension lead to the depressive deficit of low self-esteem. Attention is drawn to limitations in the definition of internality/externality offered by the theory and in the methods of measurement available. It is pointed out that there are noncausal cognitions, such as self-evaluative judgments, which are characteristic of depression and which could provide an alternative explanation of reduced self-esteem.     

The aphasic person's views of the encounter with other people: a grounded theory analysis

Being affected by aphasia influences the total life experience. The aim of this study was to generate a theoretical model, from a nursing perspective, of what aphasic persons (n = 12) experience in encounters with other people. Data were collected through interviews which adopted a biophysical, socio-cultural and psychological approach and then analysed using grounded theory method. Two main categories emerged, namely: 'interaction' and 'support'. Encountered experiences led to: 'a feeling of having ability'; 'a feeling of being an outsider'; and 'a feeling of dejection or uncertainty'. The feeling state was dependent on whether the interaction was 'obstructed' or 'secure' and on whether the support resulted in 'strengthened' or 'impaired' self-esteem. Therefore nurses need to give support that enhances patients' self-esteem and which results in them gaining a positive and realistic view of their aphasia, as well as involving those around them in this perspective. This then will give the possibility for the patient to turn the interaction process from an obstructed into a secure one.     

Distorted attitudes and perceptions,and their relationship with self-esteem and coping in child molesters

Two studies were conducted to compare various aspects of child molesters, nonsexual offenders, and community-based nonoffenders. These studies were aimed at examining some implications of our general model of sexual offending. Study 1 compared the responses of these 3 groups on measures of self-esteem, attitudes toward women and children, and social desirability tendencies. The only observed difference was that child molesters had significantly lower self-esteem than did the other 2 groups. In Study 2, child molesters displayed more cognitive distortions about sex between adults and children than did nonsexual offenders or nonoffenders. However in this study child molesters scored in the same range as the other participants on self-esteem and the tendency to use sex as a way of coping with problems. The results are discussed in terms of the differences between the present findings and earlier studies, and their implications for future research.     

农村留守儿童学校生活满意度、自尊与校园欺凌行为的关系

目的 研究农村留守儿童校园欺凌行为的现状以及学校生活满意度、自尊与校园欺凌行为的关系,为关注留守儿童心理健康提供依据。方法 2017年8月-2018年1月采取整群随机抽样的方法,从湖南、河南、辽宁、广西四省6所农村学校共抽取605名小学5年级学生作为研究对象,其中留守儿童273名,非留守儿童332名,采用学校生活满意度问卷、自尊量表、校园欺凌问卷进行测量。结果 留守儿童比非留守儿童遭受了更多的校园欺凌行为(t=2.90,P＜0.01);校园欺凌行为和受欺凌行为均与学校生活满意度呈显著负相关(r=-0.296,-0.219,P<0.01);自尊与学校生活满意度呈显著正相关(r=0.388,P＜0.01);自尊在学校生活满意度与校园受欺凌行为之间起部分中介作用(β=-0.25,P＜0.05)。结论 留守儿童比非留守儿童遭受更多的校园欺凌行为,学校方面应尽量为儿童创造和谐的校园环境,提高留守儿童的生活满意度,同时通过开展心理活动健康教育,减少校园欺凌行为的发生。     

集体心理治疗对抑郁症病人自尊水平的影响

目的探讨集体心理治疗对抑郁症病人自尊水平的影响。方法采用随机分组的方法将24例住院抑郁症病人分为治疗组、对照组。在两组均使用相同抗抑郁药物治疗的基础上,对治疗组同时给予集体心理治疗,每周1次,8周为1个疗程。治疗后对两组病人采用自尊量表（SES）、自卑感量表（FIS）评分并进行比较。结果治疗组治疗前后SES、FIS评分差值与对照组相比差异有显著性（t=4．535、8．907,P〈0．001）。结论集体心理治疗对抑郁症病人自尊水平的提高有一定的作用。