妇科腹腔镜手术患者的整体护理

目的：探讨妇科腹腔镜手术前后的护理方法。方法：回顾性分析我院应用腹腔镜行妇科手术52例患者的临床护理过程。结果：本组52例妇科腹腔镜手术患者全部康复出院，对护士的精心护理感到非常满意。结论：妇科患者腹腔镜手术通过适当的整体护理措施能够使其早日康复。     

心理护理在术前访视中的应用

目的消除手术患者的不良心理刺激,防止身心疾病的发生,提高患者对手术的耐受性。方法在术前访视中通过心理调查表了解到患者存在的心理问题,运用个性化的心理护理的方法,帮助患者解答心理问题,减轻心理负担,轻松愉快地接受手术治疗。结果在术前访视中运用个性化的心理护理,很大程度上拉近了护患之间的距离,提高了患者对医务人员的信赖,使患者对手术的耐受性大大提高。结论在术前访视中做好患者的心理护理,消除患者对手术的顾虑是提高手术成功率的有效措施。     

The role of the nurse in health promotion

This paper describes and discusses issues concerned with therole of the nurse in health promotion work. It represents thefirst phase of a research project designed to explore this role,and presents the evolving philosophical framework for the study.The study is taking place currently in the United Kingdom andhas been made possible by the (first) award of a Post DoctoralNursing Research Fellowship to the project director. Against the backdrop of the World Health Organization's ‘Healthfor All by the year 2000’ (WHO HFA 2000) movement therehave been repeated calls for nurses to be the leaders in healthpromotion. Policy makers and educators have responded to thesecalls by claiming a central role for nursing and putting healthpromotion high on policy and training agendas. Very little attention,however, has been devoted to exploring the legitimacy and developmentof this role in nursing. Generally, nurses seem enthusiasticabout health promotion, and sure that they have a role to play.What is less certain is what this role is. The study seeks toclarify this by exploring policy, behaviour, and attitudes.Policy provides the framework for practice, and operates ata number of levels. In this early paper we review the literatureto explore policy and practice from international to grassrootslevels. We also make some initial observation derived from ourpilot work.     

Medical education for minorities at a US medical school

The University of Washington School of Medicine (UWSM) has initiated new efforts to build a regional minority applicant pool and to expand its educational programmes to accommodate students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Specific interventions include: establishment of medical career planner position to coordinate region-wide outreach; pre-entry education; and support activities once enrolled. This study describes specific services and presents sociodemographic and performance data on 56 minority and 280 majority students entering the UWSM between 1981 and 1985. Economic status and educational background of minority students were significantly below that of majority students, several flexible academic policies enabled most students to achieve mastery in courses and to progress through the curriculum. The educational data base utilized in this study, and those at other institutions, can assume important roles in the identification of problem areas in the education of disadvantaged students and in evaluation of the interventions attempted.     

走出低谷──再谈渐进式责任制护理

渐进式责任制护理是据国情产生的一个新生事物。其特征是全员参与，在完成功能制工作之后，每位护士负责一位重危病人的护理。其护理内容完全按照责任制护理进行。其不足之处是人员素质的差异，使责任制护理质量有别。不过，可随着条件的成熟，不断得到改进。     

Choosing a career in general practice: the influence of medical schools

Summary. This paper reviews the literature on career choice to investigate the undergraduate influences on the preference of Australian graduates for a career in general practice. Although isolation of influencing factors is difficult, admission criteria and undergraduate curricula may influence career preference. As the institutional environment of medical schools is weighted towards scientific research and specialized medicine, medical students may be socialized into choosing non-generalist careers. Medical schools should consider broadening selection criteria and curriculum exposure to produce graduates with a broad range of career interests.     

Paradigms for mental health nursing: fragmentation or integration?

Debate about the best paradigm for mental health nursing is compounded by threats from mainstreaming and genericism. In nursing education, integrated practice may have been devalued in a matrix of reductionist disciplines. The 'gendered' nature of professional knowledge may create a schismatic and self-defeating attitude in nurses. Conversely, nurses may be exhorted to adopt a 'male' paradigm in order to gain academic credibility, in which the caring dimension may be lost. Other polarities such as ideological distinctions between treatment in hospital and care in the community lead to conceptual confusion. These schisms in care are detrimental to both professionals and users. The writers argue that these tensions may be addressed in an 'androgenous' model which presents a challenge to both value systems, rejects the dominance of schismatic models, and offers the potential for a new professional integrity.     

Abnormal behavior of elderly people residing in institutions of medical and social welfare systems

Abstract We investigated factors correlated with abnormal behavior in the elderly residing in a special nursing home (group A) and a psychiatric hospital (group B) using the dementia behavior disturbance scale, the mini mental state examination, the Japanese version of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center morale scale, and the ADL assessment scale. The cognitive function of group B was decreased compared with that of group A, but most activities of daily living (ADL) in the latter group were disrupted compared with those in the former. Only a few categories of ADL correlated with abnormal behavior in group A, whereas cognitive function, quality of life, and most categories of ADL correlated with abnormal behavior in group B. These results suggest that factors correlated with abnormal behavior in the elderly differ within institutions of medical and social welfare systems.     

高校科研业绩量化评价指标体系及评价方法初探

目的：建立高校科研业绩量化计算公式及评价方法。方法：通过对高校科研业绩的表现形式和特点进行分析，根据高校科研和教学工作实际，提出高校科研业绩量化评价指标选取原则。结果：初步拟定了指标体系和评价指标的计算方式。结论：为高校科研管理部门对科研人员评价提供量化方法。