腹腔镜脾切除术对脾破裂患者白细胞介素-2、人单核细胞表面DR抗原的影响

目的 研究腹腔镜脾切除术对机体术后早期免疫功能的影响程度。方法 将32例外伤性脾破裂患者随机分为腹腔镜脾切除术（LS）组和剖腹脾切除术（OS）组，比较两组术后外周血IL-2和单核细胞HLA-DR的含量变化。结果 术前30 mim两组各指标差异均无显著性（P >0.05）；IL-2：术后第1 d，两组均显著低于术前（P <0.05），但OS组下降程度明显大于LS组（P <0.05）；术后第4 d，OS组较术后第1 d有所升高，但仍显著低于术前（P <0.05），LS组已恢复至术前水平（P >0.05），显著高于OS组（P <0.05）。HLA-DR：术后第l d，两组均显著低于术前（P <0.05），组间差异无显著性（P >0.05）；术后第4 d，两组均有所升高，仍均显著低于术前（P <0.05），但LS组显著高于OS组（P <0.05）。结论 LS和OS对机体术后早期免疫功能均有一定程度的抑制，但LS抑制较小。     

Proximal coracobrachialis tendon rupture,subscapularis tendon rupture,and medial dislocation of the long head of the biceps tendon in an adult after traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation

Rupture of the coracobrachialis is a rare entity, in isolation or in combination with other muscular or tendinous structures. When described, it is often a result of direct trauma to the anatomic area resulting in rupture of the muscle belly. The authors present a case of a 57-year-old female who suffered a proximal coracobrachialis tendon rupture from its origin at the coracoid process, with concomitant subscapularis tear and medial dislocation of the long head of biceps tendon after first time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation. Two weeks after injury, magnetic resonance imaging suggested the diagnosis, which was confirmed during combined arthroscopic and open technique. Soft-tissue tenodesis of coracobrachialis to the intact short head of the biceps, tenodesis of the long head of biceps to the intertubercular groove, and double-row anatomic repair of the subscapularis were performed. The patient did well postoperatively, and ultimately at 6 months follow-up, she was without pain, and obtained 160° of active forward elevation, 45° of external rotation, internal rotation to T8, 5/5 subscapularis and biceps strength. Scoring scales had improved from the following preoperative to final follow-up: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, 53.33-98.33; constant, 10-100; visual analogue scale-pain, 4-0. DASH score was 5.     

Intrapericardial rupture of a mitral subannular aneurysm: A case report and review of the literature

Mitral subannular aneurysm is a rare heart disease that can have many different forms of clinical presentations. It was first described in young men of African descent and was later reported in other geographical areas of the world. The etiopathogenesis as per data from the literature can be congenital, acquired or idiopathic. We report the case of a 19-year-old male in whom we made the diagnosis of mitral subannular aneurysm. The evolution was fatal following a rupture of the aneurysm into the pericardium. Through this case report, we stress the importance of echocardiography in the diagnosis of this condition. In resource-limited countries, the prognosis is unfortunately often unfavorable especially the ruptured forms. Therefore, a high degree of suspicion is needed to make a prompt diagnosis and timely surgical intervention.     

Natural history of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms

ObjectivesElucidating critical aortic diameters at which natural complications (rupture, dissection, and death) occur is of paramount importance to guide timely surgical intervention. Natural history knowledge for descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms is sparse. Our small early studies recommended repairing descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms before a critical diameter of 7.0 cm. We focus exclusively on a large number of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms followed over time, enabling a more detailed analysis with greater granularity across aortic sizes.MethodsAortic diameters and long-term complications of 907 patients with descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms were reviewed. Growth rates (instrumental variables approach), yearly complication rates, 5-year event-free survival (Kaplan–Meier), and risk of complications as a function of aortic height index (aortic diameter [centimeters]/height [meters]) (competing-risks regression) were calculated.ResultsEstimated mean growth rate of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms was 0.19 cm/year, increasing with increasing aortic size. Median size at acute type B dissection was 4.1 cm. Some 80% of dissections occurred below 5 cm, whereas 93% of ruptures occurred above 5 cm. Descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm diameter 6 cm or greater was associated with a 19% yearly rate of rupture, dissection, or death. Five-year complication-free survival progressively decreased with increasing aortic height index. Hazard of complications showed a 6-fold increase at an aortic height index of 4.2 or greater compared with an aortic height index of 3.0 to 3.5 (P < .05). The probability of fatal complications (aortic rupture or death) increased sharply at 2 hinge points: 6.0 and 6.5 cm.ConclusionsAcute type B dissections occur frequently at small aortic sizes; thus, prophylactic size-based surgery may not afford a means for dissection protection. However, fatal complications increase dramatically at 6.0 cm, suggesting that preemptive intervention before that criterion can save lives.     

Treatment of two newborns with esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula complicated by gastric perforation: choosing the simple way

Abstract

Objective: Gastric distention and perforation are possible results in a preterm newborn with esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula, especially when there is a need for mechanical ventilatory support. The results of the reported cases treated with emergency thoracotomy and fistula ligation after gastrostomy are not very satisfactory. Sometimes simple temporary solutions can be useful for stabilization and allow safety for required surgical treatment for later.

Patient and methods: Two preterm newborns with esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula complicated by gastric perforation were reported.

Results: Both of the patients were initially treated with a simple peritoneal drainage and, then the definitive operations were performed without any problem in stabilized patients.

Conclusion: Performing fistula ligation or occlusion as an initial treatment in patients with impaired cardiac and respiratory functions may worsen the status of the patient. In such cases, it could be better to perform simple interventions first to facilitate subsequent treatments.     

Isolated medial foot compartment syndrome after ankle sprain

Foot compartment syndrome is a serious potential complication of foot crush injury, fractures, surgery, and vascular injury. An acute compartment syndrome isolated to the medial compartment of the foot after suffering an ankle sprain is a rare complication.We report the case of a 31-year-old man who developed a medial foot compartment syndrome after suffering a deltoid ligament rupture at ankle while playing football. The patient underwent a medial compartment fasciotomy with resolution of symptoms.Compartment syndromes of the foot are rare and have been reported to occur after severe trauma. But, there are some reports in the literature of acute exertional compartment syndrome. In our case, the compartment syndrome appeared after an ankle sprain without vascular injuries associated.     

Surgical Treatment of Hydatidothorax Series of 79 Cases

Objective: A retrospective review of 79 cases of ruptured intrapleural pulmonary hydatid cysts. We analyse and evaluate our experience in the surgical treatment of this complication.

Materials and Methods: In a ten-year period, from 1990 to 1999, 79 patients were operated on in our service for intrapleural rupture of a pulmonary hydatid cyst. There were 51 males and 28 females with a mean age of 35.4 years. The diagnosis was established on the basis of different clinical signs and imaging studies.

Surgical approach consisted of a posterolateral thoracotomy in all cases. After decortication, different procedures were performed on the pulmonary lesions according to the importance of lung destruction.

Results: Radical resections were done in 48 cases, including lobectomies (15), segmentectomies (33) and conservative treatment: simple capitonnage and bronchial fistula closure (31).

Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases (10.1%), including one pyothorax, one haemothorax, one prolonged air leak, two pneumonias and two wound infections.

There was one postoperative death, by respiratory failure. Ninety-five percent (95%) of patients were free of recurrence of thoracic hydatid disease in a follow-up ranging from 1 to 10 years (mean: 5.4 years).

Conclusion: Hydatid cysts of the lung should be treated before complications occur, particularly intrapleural rupture because it considerably increases morbidity.     

32例自体血回输在外伤性脾破裂手术中应用的临床研究

目的研究分析在外伤性脾破裂手术中的自体血回输的适应症、流程、安全性等问题。方法选取2010年1月—2013年1月间入院治疗的单纯外伤性脾破裂患者32例,应用自体血液回收技术回输,注意流程的严密性、科学性,加强护理干预操作。结果 32例患者通过自体血回输,有效扩充了血容量,平安度过危险期,均安全出院。32例患者中自体回输血量28160mL,占总引流血量49060mL的57.40%,其中最小回输550mL,最多1400mL,平均回输880mL。其中7例患者应用异体输血共2870mL,占总输血量的10.21%。3例发热患者2例伤口感染经对症处理后恢复正常,无溶血反应,未见持续出血、输血后并发症、过敏反应、细菌污染等疾病。结论外伤性脾破裂中应用自体血回输,操作简便,安全可靠,患者并发症较少,并且减少了血资源的浪费和异体输血排异反应及传染疾病的发生率。