Investigation of the safety and accuracy of intraoperative gamma probe directed biopsy of bone scan detected rib abnormalities in prostatic adenocarcinoma

PURPOSE: We evaluated the technique of intraoperative gamma probe directed rib biopsy in patients with suspected metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. This technique can be used to identify accurately the rib in question, reliably obtain sufficient tissue for diagnosis, be performed with minimal patient morbidity and potentially alter the course of therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1996 to 2001, 8 patients with biopsy proved adenocarcinoma of the prostate and suspicious rib lesions on radionuclide bone scanning underwent open rib biopsy as part of the evaluation for metastatic disease. Mean prostate specific antigen in the patient population was 17.1 ng/ml (range 6.1 to 36.5) and clinical stage was T1c to T3c. A new technique of intraoperative gamma probe directed biopsy was used to localize and resect the rib in question. At 6 to 12 hours before the operation each patient received an intravenous injection of 28 mCi. (99m)technetium-oxidronate. The hand held, pencil sized gamma probe in a sterile sleeve was used to localize the area of greatest activity in the target bone and 3 cm. of bone were resected. RESULTS: Of the 8 patients who underwent the procedure 2 had metastatic prostate cancer on final rib pathological findings. Four of the remaining 5 patients had benign rib lesions (an old rib fracture) and 1 had metastatic lung cancer. The hot spot on bone scan was localized with 100% accuracy using our technique and a pathological diagnosis was made in all cases. Mean operative time was 61 minutes and estimated blood loss was less than 20 ml. in all cases. Seven of the 8 patients were discharged home the same day, while 1 required overnight hospitalization. There was 1 intraoperative complication of inadvertent entry into the pleural cavity, resulting in a small pneumothorax, which was treated with small chest catheter drainage and observation. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative gamma probe directed rib biopsy of suspected metastatic lesions in patients with prostate cancer can be safely and accurately performed with minimal patient morbidity. The information obtained using this technique can be used to tailor treatment decisions for this subset of patients with prostate cancer.     

多发肋骨骨折并肺挫伤的护理

目的通过临床对多发肋骨骨折并肺挫伤患者观察,总结临床对该疾病患者的护理方法。方法本课题研究选取我院2010年1月至2011年6月所收治的多发肋骨骨折并肺挫伤患者20例进行回归性分析,总结临床针对骨折和肺挫伤患者的临床护理特点。结果 20例患者在临床中护理主要以稳定患者的生命体征为主,患者经过护理后死亡1例,痊愈19例。结论在对多发肋骨骨折并肺挫伤患者的临床护理中要稳定患者的生命体征,重视患者心理、行为等方面的教育,有效的控制临床并发症的出现。     

Analysis of Sex Differences in Skeletal Ossification and Variations in Near-term Mouse Fetuses

Abstract: When the degree of skeletal ossification and the incidence of skeletal variations were compared between male and female fetuses in mice according to body weight, males had more ossification centers in sternebrae than did females, while ossification of thoracic and sacrococcygeal vertebral bodies tended to be more advanced in females. Also, more rudimentary ribs tended to appear in females and more extra ribs appeared in males.     

Segmentation anomalies of the vertebras and ribs: A developmental field defect: Epidemiologic evidence

Opitz has defined developmental field defects (DFD) as “any dysmorphogenetically reactive unit of the developing organism that leads to final structure.” We have incorporated in our coding system specific codes to identify individual DFDs in each child, irrespective of the cause or type of the MCA pattern (i.e., chromosomal, mendelian, environmental, or unknown). Using this approach, we can analyze the group of defects included in the expression of each DFD as a discrete unit. To confirm our hypothesis that vertebral and rib anomalies constitute a DFD, we have studied all of our cases with segmentation anomalies of the spine and ribs, including hemivertebrae, fused or absent vertebrae, and “crab-like” thorax, all of which fall into the loosely defined groups of spondylothoracic dysplasia, costovertebral dysplasia, Jarcho-Levin syndrome, and others. The study was performed using the 18,743 malformed children from the ECEMC data files, 110 of them having vertebral/rib anomalies. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

脊柱中胸段（T 6~8）经肋椎单元固定系统有限元分析

目的　建立T6～8椎体病灶清除植骨+后路经肋椎单元固定系统三维有限元模型,分析系统所受应力对其进行改进。 方法　获得1例男性（身高172 cm,体质量71 kg,39岁）T7椎体结核病患进行螺旋CT扫描,将所得数据导入计算机,通过Mimics13.0软件和Ansys11.0有限元软件建立T6～8后路病灶清除植骨+经肋椎单元固定系统三维有限元模型,并在在椎体上表面施加500 N压力和10Nm的力矩模拟腰椎前屈、后伸、侧屈3种生理载荷,观察不同载荷下固定器械的应力分布,并对其进行比较。 结果　在前屈和后伸运动状态下,螺钉尾部是应力最为集中的部位,上位螺钉大于下位螺钉,对于纵连棒,上端总是大于下端,且下端应力为零;侧弯位,螺钉尾部应力均较前屈和后伸位减小;纵连棒上下端应力相当。同一部位三种运动状态下比较,螺钉尾部总是后伸位大于前屈位,侧弯位最小;纵连棒E,F点,总是前屈大于后伸,侧弯最小;侧弯位纵连棒末端最小。 结论　T6～8运动节段后路椎间植骨经肋椎单元内固定的病人在做前屈和后伸运动时上位螺钉尾部及纵连棒的上端最容易发生疲劳性断裂。     

肋骨骨折内固定治疗与保守治疗的疗效对比

目的 探讨内固定方式与保守治疗在多发性肋骨骨折中的效果.方法 以我院2008年1月～2013年5月间收治的60例多发性肋骨骨折患者为研究对象,按照患者治疗方式的不同,将患者分为内固定组和保守治疗组,比较两组患者临床治疗效果、并发症发生率和卫生经济学指标间的差异.结果 观察组患者疼痛症状轻于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组,住院天数少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 使用内固定方法治疗多发性肋骨骨折可以取得满意的效果,其可以降低患者疼痛症状水平和并发症发生率,提高患者满意度,缩短患者治疗周期.     

连枷胸的手术与保守治疗的回顾性分析

目的比较手术内固定与非手术外固定治疗连枷胸的疗效。方法回顾性分析40例采用外固定方法或记忆合金肋骨环抱器的内固定方法治疗的连枷胸患者临床资料,比较手术组(手术内固定治疗,n=20)和非手术组(非手术外固定治疗,n=20)患者的临床疗效。结果两组患者全部治愈,无死亡病例。手术组患者平均住ICU时间、平均住院时间、各时间点视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均低于非手术组,手术治疗能够有效稳定连枷胸,能显著降低使用机械通气的时间,降低胸廓畸形、肺部感染的发生率。伤后2个月时,手术组患者肺功能指标最大肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1.0)、肺总容量(TLC)、呼气高峰流量(PEFR)、最大用力呼气中段流速(MMEF)均高于非手术组。结论对连枷胸患者行手术内固定可减少住院时间,降低远期连枷胸引起的并发症,促进肺功能恢复,有良好的短期和长期疗效。     

DR双能量减影技术在肋骨骨折中的应用

目的探讨数字化X线摄影（Digital radiography,DR）中的双能量减影（Dual-energy subtraction,DES）在肋骨骨折中的应用。方法使用美国GE公司一Definium8000数字摄影系统,为临床可疑骨折的80例患者行胸部双能量减影摄片,将获得的3种图像（常规DR肺组织像、纯软组织像、纯肋骨像）进行常规DR和双能量减影胸片对比分析。结果本组80例患者共摄取DES（双能量减影）片240幅。肋骨骨折50例,其中膈上肋骨骨折32例,膈下肋骨骨折18例,单侧肋骨骨折42例,双侧肋骨骨折8例,正常30例。结论应用DR双能量减影技术对可疑骨折具有较高的应用价值,可提高肋骨的检出率,利于指导临床的治疗。