东莞地区4所医院门诊喹诺酮类药物应用调查

目的了解喹诺酮类抗菌药物的应用情况,促进临床合理用药。方法采用回顾性调查方法,随机选取东莞地区4所医院,收集其2013年4-5月门诊使用喹诺酮类药物处方1 085份及相应患者的门诊病历,对门诊处方用药情况进行调查分析。结果共使用6种喹诺酮类药物,使用频数居前3位的是左氧氟沙星（48.01%）、环丙沙星（28.52%）和氧氟沙星（13.90%）;采用静脉滴注给药的比率高达85.53%（928例,其中采用静脉滴注给药654例,静脉滴注+口服274例);用于泌尿系统（358例,33.00%）、消化系统（305例,28.11%）和下呼吸道（211例,19.45%）感染频次较高;喹诺酮类药物联合其他抗菌药物治疗中,二联用药166例,未见三联及以上用药;部分喹诺酮类药物的口服制剂与H2受体阻断药、H+泵抑制剂和含镁铝制酸药等合用,存在不良相互作用的药物合用现象。结论该地区门诊处方应用喹诺酮类药物总体基本合理,但在适应证选择、联合用药、剂型选择、用法用量等方面均存在不合理之处,有待进一步改进和提高。     

超声造影肝脏影像报告与数据系统在甲胎蛋白阴性肝细胞癌高危患者中的应用

目的 研究超声造影肝脏影像报告与数据系统2017版（CEUS LI-RADS v2017）在甲胎蛋白（AFP）阴性的肝细胞癌（HCC）高危患者肝局灶性病变中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年10月在我院行CEUS检查的AFP阴性HCC高危患者108例（134个结节）,采用CEUS LI-RADS v2017对结节进行分类,以组织病理学结果或增强影像学检查和随访结果为金标准,计算CEUS LI-RADS对AFP阴性患者HCC和肝内其他恶性肿瘤（OM）的诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率、受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）。结果 AFP阴性HCC较OM小（P＜0.001）。CEUS LR-5类、LR-4类、LR-3类对AFP阴性HCC的阳性预测值分别为88.37%、47.06%、12.9%。LR-5类诊断AFP阴性HCC的敏感性、特异性、准确率和AUC分别为73.07%、 93.90%、85.82%和0.87。LR-M类诊断OM的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率和AUC分别为90.91%、97.32%、86.96%、98.20%、96.27%和0.94。结论AFP阴性HCC较OM小,CEUS LI-RADS v2017对AFP阴性HCC诊断特异性较高而敏感性较低,对OM有较好的诊断价值。     

中药清热消炎固齿缓释剂治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效观察

目的探讨慢性牙周炎病人局部应用中药清热消炎固齿缓释剂的临床疗效。方法随机选择慢性牙周炎病人150例共600个患牙，分为两组，每组各75例300个患牙，记录牙龈指数（GI）、牙周袋深度、疼痛不适等临床症状。基础治疗后，实验组牙周袋内置放清热消炎固齿缓释剂，每周1次，共3次，对照组不放任何药物，在第3周末进行观察对比。结果实验组GI、牙周袋深度的改善、临床疗效的综合评定与对照组相比差异均有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论应用清热消炎固齿缓释剂辅助治疗慢性牙周炎疗效显著。     

Developmental and regional expression of basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA in the rat central nervous system

A cDNA clone encoding rat basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was used as a hybridization probe to determine the level of bFGF mRNA during rat brain development as well as in different adult rat brain regions. In the rat brain, a 3.7kb bFGF mRNA was detected together with lower levels of two minor bFGF mRNA species of 1.8kb and 1.5kb, respectively. The 3.7kb bFGF mRNA was detected in the rat brain already at embryonic day 16, the earliest time point tested. The embryonic brain contained 1.5 to 2 times higher levels of the 3.7kb bFGF mRNA than the adult brain. The amount of the 3.7kb bFGF mRNA in the adult rat brain was approximately 50 times higher than the level of beta-nerve growth factor mRNA in the rat brain. bFGF mRNA was found in all 12 brain regions tested in the adult rat brain with the highest level in colliculi, cerebral cortex, thalamus, and olfactory bulb. The lowest levels were found in pons and medulla oblongata. All three bFGF mRNA species showed the same regional distribution in the brain. In contrast to nerve growth factor mRNA, the level of bFGF mRNA in the neonatal hippocampus was slightly decreased 10 days after a cholinergic denervation by transection of the fimbria-fornix.     

Gastrointestinal transit times in mice and humans measured with 27Al and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance.

Gastric emptying and gastrointestinal (GI) transit times in mice and humans were monitored noninvasively by using 27Al and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Al(3+) bound to ion-exchange resin and perfluorononane were administered orally as selective and specific markers for the stomach and the entire GI tract, respectively. 27Al- and 19F-MR spectroscopy (MRS) was employed to follow quantitatively boli of the mixed markers in awake, fed mice over a period of 48 hr. The selectivity of the markers was confirmed by whole-body 1H-, 27Al-, and 19F-MRI of anesthetized mice. Gastric emptying in humans was also monitored with 27Al-MRS of aluminum-loaded ion exchange resin. GI transit was assessed by 19F projection imaging of pharmaceutical capsules tagged with perfluorononane. Quantitative analysis of the MR data revealed that gastric emptying in humans proceeded linearly, whereas in mice an exponential decay was observed. This difference is explained by the respective feeding patterns of humans and mice. Humans usually achieve nearly complete gastric emptying before each meal. In contrast, very short delays between successive food intakes in small animals result in successive dilution of the stomach contents. For stomach emptying in mice the exponential decay constant was 74 min, whereas the half-time of the linear gastric emptying in humans was 30 min.     

高血压病患者红细胞钠离子转运及其对降压的反应

本文观察了高血压病(EH)患者的红细胞钠离子转运和血浆内源性类洋地黄物质(EDLC)的变化及硝苯啶和哌唑嗪对其影响,结果:EH患者红细胞的钠泵功能和Na~+-K~+内向协同转运明显低于正常,血浆EDLC显著升高,但其与钠泵非平行改变。经降压治疗,EH患者的钠泵和EDLC明显改善。本文对钠离子转运与EH的关系,及降压药物对其作用作了初步探讨。     

Competition of nitroxyl contrast agents as an in vivo tissue redox probe: comparison of pharmacokinetics by the bile flow monitoring (BFM) and blood circulating monitoring (BCM) methods using X-band EPR and simulation of decay profiles.

Nitroxyl radicals used as tissue redox-sensitive contrast agents in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and/or NMR imaging should satisfy the following two conditions: 1) the molecules disperse into tissues rapidly, and 2) paramagnetic loss occurs by simple reduction of the radical. The pharmacokinetic trends of several nitroxyl contrast agents were compared with the results obtained by bile flow monitoring (BFM) and blood circulation monitoring (BCM) methods using X-band EPR. The nitroxyl radicals (TEMPO, TEMPONE (oxo-TEMPO), and amino-TEMPO) showed additional EPR signals in the bile that were attributed to metabolites formed during transport from blood to bile through the liver. However, the highly hydrophilic CAT-1 (trimethylammonium-TEMPO), which has low membrane permeability, showed minimal concentration in the bile. Probes that have carboxyl moiety, such as carboxy-TEMPO and carboxy-PROXYL, can be transported via anion transporter into hepatic cells. The EPR signal decay profiles of the nitroxyl radicals were simulated based on the experimental data. The simulation, which we previously applied to mouse blood, was modified to simultaneously fit the experimental results of BFM and BCM obtained with rats. The simulation data showed the simplicity/complexity of the pharmacokinetic mechanisms and that carbamoyl-PROXYL and TEMPOL (hydroxy-TEMPO) are suitable contrast agents for assessing tissue redox status.     

Drug Release from pH and Ionic Strength Responsive Poly(acrylic acid) Grafted Poly(vinylidenefluoride) Membrane Bags In Vitro

Pharmaceutical Research -     

Anticoagulant activity of ilexoside D,a triterpenoid saponin fromIlex pubescens

The anti-coagulant activity of ilexoside D isolated from the roots ofIlex pubescens Hook. et Arn. was investigated inin vivo andin vitro models of blood coagulation in rats. On oral administration, ilexoside D prolonged the bleeding time and the whole blood recalcified clotting time, but not the plasma recalcified clotting time.In vitro, ilexoside D did not affect the recalcified clotting times of whole blood, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) while in the presence of tissue factor the compound prolonged the reduced prothrombin times of whole blood, PRP and PPP in the dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that ilexoside D has the anti-tissue factor activity as well as the antithrombotic activity.