应用全颌曲面断层片判断牙周炎骨密度和预测下颌角骨折风险的研究

目的：应用一种新的全颌曲面断层分析方法来判断牙周炎组和正常组之间的相对骨密度（RBD）的差异,并预测下颌角骨折的风险.方法：回顾性研究60例牙周炎患者和60例正常组病例,应用全颌曲面断层片比较其相对骨密度（RBD）.同时,调查所有患者的下颌角骨折病史并做记录.结果：牙周炎组和正常组之间的三个RDB指数的差异有明显统计学意义.正常组有3例下颌角骨折患者,牙周炎组有8例下颌角骨折病例.两组下颌角骨折患者RBD指数均相对较低.结论：牙周炎组和正常组的RBD指数之间具有明显统计学意义,RBD指数可以作为普通全颌曲面断层片的一种新的分析方法.可用做牙周炎的筛选工作,并在一定程度上可以预测发生下颌角骨折的风险.     

Physiologic Model for Seasonal Patterns in Flu Transmission

Seasonal patterns in flu transmission have observational validity in temperate climates. However, there is no consensus mechanism explaining the increased incidence of flu during the winter. The physiologic effects of cold weather and dry air on the upper respiratory system may contribute to immune dysfunction and increased susceptibly to flu-causing pathogens. Low temperature limits the absolute humidity of air. Persistent exposure to dry air leads to airway desiccation and failure of the mucociliary system. The resultant physiologic and histopathologic changes that occur in the airway increase susceptibility to flu-causing pathogens. Laryngoscope, 130:309–313, 2020     

Comparing once-weekly semaglutide to incretin-based therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aims

Our aim was to compare once-weekly semaglutide to incretin-based therapies – defined as either dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) or other glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) – in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Primary and Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke and Cerebral Hemorrhage: JACC Focus Seminar

Stroke is a leading cause of permanent disability. Therefore, primary prevention of first stroke and secondary prevention of recurrent stroke are a high priority. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke includes lifestyle modification and diet, treatment of risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and lipid disorders, antiplatelet therapy for high vascular risk patients, and anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Secondary prevention of ischemic stroke includes additional carotid surgery or stenting in selected symptomatic patients, closure of patent foramen ovale after cryptogenic stroke, treatment of insulin resistance, and best medical treatment of intracranial stenosis. The most important preventive strategies in the primary and secondary prevention of cerebral hemorrhage include the treatment of hypertension, reduction in alcohol intake, and occlusion of the left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation and permanent contraindications for oral anticoagulation.     

Discontinuation of Living Donor Liver Transplantation for PSC Due to Histological Abnormalities in Intraoperative Donor Liver Biopsy

Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment known to date for end-stage liver disease occurring as a result of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Here, we report a case in which living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for PSC was cancelled because of histological abnormalities in intraoperative biopsy of the donor liver. The donor was the mother of the recipient, and her preoperative evaluation revealed no abnormalities. In the donor operation, the donor liver biopsy revealed expansion of the portal zone with lymphocytic infiltration and dense concentric fibrosis developed around a bile duct. These histological findings were identical to those of early-stage PSC; therefore, the LDLT was called off. The experience in this case suggests that preoperative liver biopsy may be useful to exclude first-degree relative donors with potential PSC prior to LDLT for PSC.     

Sex differences in lower extremity coordinative variability during running

BackgroundDifferences in coordinative variability have been previously reported between healthy and injured runners. Many running-related injuries have a sex bias, particularly patellofemoral pain (PFP), as female runners are approximately twice as likely to develop PFP compared to males. However, very little is currently known regarding sex differences in coordinative variability during running.Research QuestionAre there sex differences in continuous relative phase (CRP) variability for pelvis-thigh and thigh-shank couplings during the stance phase of running?MethodsPelvis, thigh, and shank segment kinematics were collected on 15 female and 15 male subjects during overground running at a self-selected easy pace (2.39–3.56 m/s) using a 10-camera 3D motion capture system. Continuous relative phase (CRP) variability was calculated between the pelvis-thigh and thigh-shank, and averaged during four distinct stance sub-phases. A mixed effects linear model compared CRP variability between sexes at each stance sub-phase.ResultsCompared to males, females displayed significantly lower pelvis-thigh CRP variability in the transverse plane during the loading response phase, and significantly lower thigh-shank CRP variability in the sagittal plane during the loading response and pre-swing phases.SignificanceLower coordinative variability in females during the loading response for two couplings may provide additional insight into the sex bias for developing certain running-related injuries. However, any injury implications from these results are speculative and should be interpreted with caution.