诃子提取物的吸湿性研究

目的 对诃子提取物的吸湿性进行研究,筛选出最优的辅料配方,并测得其临界相对湿度,为工业化生产提供合理的技术标准.方法 采用在25℃温度条件,不同的相对湿度下选用多种辅料,比较其吸湿性.结果 诃子提取物与微晶纤维素配伍(1∶0.2)为最合适处方,并测其临界相对湿度为61%.结论 利用以上结果可以解决工业生产中药浸膏易吸湿结块等问题.     

The hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia alata (Linn.) leaves and its major compound rhein exhibits antiallergic activity via mast cell stabilization and lipoxygenase inhibition

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Leaves of Cassia alata (family: Caesalpiniaceae) are ethnomedically claimed as anti-asthmatic. In the current study we aimed to investigate the anti-allergic activities of hydro-methanolic extract of Cassia alata (Linn.) and its constituents rhein and kaempferol on triple antigen/sheep serum-induced mast-cell degranulation in rats.

Materials and methods

Antiallergic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia alata along with its two components rhein and kaempferol was evaluated using in vivo mast cell stabilization assay. Inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme was also evaluated in vitro. Further chemical standardization of Cassia alata extract was done using rhein and kaempferol by HPTLC-densitometric method.

Results

The hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia alata significantly inhibited mast cell degranulation at 200 mg/kg dose. Both chemical constituents rhein and kaempferol also showed potent (>76%) inhibition of mast-cell degranulation at 5 mg/kg. Extract and rhein inhibited LOX enzyme with IC₅₀ values of 90.2 and 3.9 μg/mL, respectively, whereas kaempferol was inactive.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that Cassia alata exhibit anti-allergic activity through mast cell stabilization and LOX inhibition. Thus, Cassia alata or its active constituents could be potential alternative treatment for allergic diseases.     

Survival compared to the general population and changes in health status among intensive care patients

In order to evaluate intensive care, all adult patients (980) admitted to a multidisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU) during 1 year were followed prospectively. The ICU mortality was 9.6%. One year after admission the survival was 73.6%. By that time the surviving patients had a further survival that was 96% of that of the general population. Of the 1-year survivors, 22.3% had deteriorated in health status compared to 3 months before the stay in ICU. In the admission groups with high mortality the survivors had a more pronounced deterioration in health status. Increased age and length of stay in the ICU were associated with higher mortality but not with changes in health status. We conclude that the outcome of intensive care can be evaluated by studying only the survival, since the survival rate is correlated to changes in health status among survivors in the different admission groups. One year after admission most of the surviving patients had regained their previous health status and their further survival was almost the same as that of the general population.     

The efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in nonulcer dyspepsia: a systematic review and economic analysis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The evidence that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy affects symptoms of nonulcer dyspepsia is conflicting. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate whether PPI therapy had any effect in nonulcer dyspepsia and constructed a health economic model to assess the cost-effectiveness of this approach. METHODS: Electronic searches were performed using the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SIGLE until September 2002. Dyspepsia outcomes were dichotomized into cured/improved versus same/worse. Results were incorporated into a Markov model comparing health service costs and benefits of PPI with antacid therapy over 1 year. RESULTS: Eight trials were identified that compared PPI therapy with placebo in 3293 patients. The relative risk of remaining dyspeptic with PPI therapy versus placebo was .86 (95% confidence interval, .78-.95; P = .003, random-effects model) with a number needed to treat of 9 (95% confidence interval, 5-25). There was statistically significant heterogeneity between trials (heterogeneity chi(2) = 30.05; df = 7; P < .001). The PPI strategy would cost an extra US dollar 278/month free from dyspepsia if the drug cost US dollar 90/month. If a generic price of US dollar 19.99 is used, then a PPI strategy costs an extra US dollar 57/month free from dyspepsia. A third-party payer would be 95% certain that PPI therapy would be cost-effective, provided they were willing to pay US dollar 94/month free from dyspepsia. CONCLUSIONS: PPI therapy may be a cost-effective therapy in nonulcer dyspepsia, provided generic prices are used.     

Prediction of clinical outcomes in Crohn’s disease by using confocal laser endomicroscopy: results from a prospective multicenter study

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“大肠者传道之官”新识

在过去相当长的一段时期内,中医学界仅把大肠视为排泄器官。但大肠与神经传导、神经系统病变之间存在紧密联系,以"大肠主神志传导"补释"大肠者传道之官",而不使用"肠脑相通"新理论主要是因为以下2点:①中医学的发展要以经典为主线,凡是能够在原有理念下依附存在的学说,没有必要也不应该作为新的理论提出。②尚有很多周围神经病变的病位并不在中枢神经系统,无法用"肠脑相通"理论解释。"大肠主神志传导"一说旨在提出"神经系统病变从肠论治",更符合中医学整体、互联、恒动的观念。     

Risk Prediction and Comparative Efficacy of Anti-TNF vs Thiopurines,for Preventing Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease: A Pooled Analysis of 6 Trials

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