Power,politics and rehabilitation in sub-Saharan Africa: from the personal to the political

This article discusses the complexities of facilitating community-based rehabilitation in resource-poor contexts in Sub-Saharan Africa. It does so through a reflection on the book Able-Bodied: Scenes from a Curious Life, written by Leslie Swartz, a South African expert on disability in the context of international development. Swartz uses his own personal experiences as son of a disabled father as a springboard for reflections on his long involvement in the often-fraught areas of disability research and activism. He pays particular attention to the way in which emotions shape the struggles around expertise and power that bedevil disability identity politics. In particular, his work highlights how the complex dynamics of race, class and disability undermine the effectiveness of the movement.     

温针灸配合康复功能训练治疗周围性面瘫40例疗效观察

目的:观察温针灸配合康复功能训练治疗周围性面瘫的临床疗效。方法:将符合纳入标准的80例受试者随机分成治疗组、对照组各40例,治疗组用温针灸配合康复功能训练进行治疗,对照组采用康复功能训练进行治疗,运用Portmann评分法及House-Brackman(H-B)面神经功能分级评价效果。结果:经过2个疗程治疗后,2组Portmann评分均较治疗前明显提高(P0.05);治疗组提高幅度高于对照组(P0.05);治疗组痊愈率、总有效率均优于对照组,2组比较有显著性差异(P0.01、P0.05)。结论:温针灸配合康复功能训练治疗周围性面瘫有较好临床疗效,较单纯康复功能训练治疗具有优势,值得临床推广应用。     

综合康复治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折致肘关节活动障碍的疗效观察

目的：研究综合康复治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折致肘关节活动障碍的疗效。方法对17例肱骨髁上骨折致肘关节活动障碍患儿进行综合康复治疗,治疗前后分别进行关节活动度测量及 HSS2（Hospital for Special Surgery Scoring System）肘关节评定标准评定。结果治疗3个月后关节活动度显著改善（P＜0.001）;按照 HSS2标准,所有患儿均达“优秀”。结论综合康复治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折致肘关节活动障碍有显著疗效。     

综合康复训练结合醒脑开窍针法对偏瘫早期患者运动功能和日常生活能力的影响

目的:探讨应用综合康复训练结合醒脑开窍针法对偏瘫早期患者运动功能和日常生活能力的影响。方法:选取50例2017年5月-2018年8月在本院治疗的偏瘫患者,随机分成两组,每组25例。对照组给予常规内科治疗和醒脑开窍针法治疗,治疗组除以上治疗外,还需给与综合康复训练,治疗2周后,比较两组患者实验数据。结果:经不同治疗方法治疗后,治疗组疗效优于治疗前,同时也优于对照组。比较具有统计学意义。结论:应用综合运动康复训练结合醒脑开窍针法治疗急性脑卒中偏瘫,可提高患者运动功能和日常生活能力,值得推广应用。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后早期心脏康复对预后的影响

目的:观察冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）后早期心脏康复对患者心肺耐力、情绪、住院日和出院后生活质量的影响。方法:2017年4月至2018年10月于天津医科大学总医院行CABG患者,随机分为康复组和常规护理组,各30例。两组均予以CABG常规护理,康复组术后第1天即行呼吸、运动训练,2次/日。结果:出院前康复组6分钟步行试验（6MWT）（P=0.018）、ICU住院时间（P=0.035）、离床时间（P=0.014）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）（P<0.001）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）（P=0.032）、住院日（P<0.001）及术后3个月健康调查简表（SF-36）中心理健康总评（P<0.001）优于常规护理组,心血管事件少于常规护理组。结论:早期心脏康复可改善CABG患者心肺耐力及情绪、缩短住院日,提高生活质量。     

多学科联合管理模式对社区糖尿病患者心身康复管理效果研究

背景　近年来,国家大力推行以基层医疗卫生机构为主的糖尿病防治工作。2015年,《关于做好高血压、糖尿病分级诊疗试点工作的通知》明确了基层医疗卫生机构负责高血压和糖尿病的临床初步诊断,按照疾病诊疗指南和规范制定个体化、规范化的治疗方案;同时鼓励社区卫生服务中心与上级医院构建医联体,创建合理分工协作机制,引导糖尿病的防治结合和关口前移,逐步实现社区首诊、双向转诊。目的　探讨多学科联合管理模式对社区糖尿病患者心身康复的管理效果,旨在丰富家庭医生签约服务内涵。方法　选取2017年1月—2018年1月在太仓经济开发区社区卫生服务中心下属太平和惠阳两家社区卫生服务站管理随访的2型糖尿病患者222例为研究对象,采用抛硬币法分为干预组（n=110）和对照组（n=112）。干预组采用多学科联合管理模式,对照组采用常规管理模式。比较干预前及干预后3、6、12个月的血压、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）;比较干预前及干预后6、12个月的空腹血糖（GLU）、血脂〔三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）〕及干预前、干预后12个月的生活质量调查表（SF-36）各维度评分。结果　干预方法和时间在收缩压上存在交互作用（P<0.05）,干预方法、时间在收缩压上主效应显著（P<0.05）;干预方法和时间在舒张压上不存在交互作用（P>0.05）,干预方法在舒张压上主效应不显著（P>0.05）,时间在舒张压上主效应显著（P<0.05）;干预方法和时间在HbA1c上不存在交互作用（P>0.05）,干预方法、时间在HbA1c上主效应显著（P<0.05）。干预方法和时间在GLU上存在交互作用（P<0.05）,干预方法、时间在GLU上主效应显著（P<0.05）;干预方法和时间在TG上不存在交互作用（P>0.05）,干预方法、时间在TG上主效应显著（P<0.05）;干预方法和时间在TC上不存在交互作用（P>0.05）,干预方法在TC上主效应显著（P<0.05）,时间在TC上主效应不显著（P>0.05）;干预方法和时间在HDL-C上存在交互作用（P<0.05）,干预方法在HDL-C上主效应显著（P<0.05）,时间在HDL-C上主效应不显著（P>0.05）;干预方法和时间在LDL-C上不存在交互作用（P>0.05）,干预方法、时间在LDL-C上主效应显著（P<0.05）。干预后12个月,干预组患者生理职能、生命活力、社会功能、精神健康评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论　经多学科联合管理后12个月,糖尿病患者血压、HbA1c、GLU和血脂指标较对照组均有改善,SF-36中生理职能、生命活力、社会功能、精神健康评分的改善好于对照组。多学科联合管理能充分调动患者治疗积极性,使糖尿病得到良好控制。     

快速康复外科护理在经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术围术期护理中的效果分析

目的 探讨快速康复外科护理在经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术围术期护理中应用效果。方法 选择我院2016年3月～2019年3月收治的经鼻碟入路垂体切除术患者中50例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=25)与研究组(n=25),对照组患者给予常规围手术期护理,研究组患者在此基础上实施快速康复外科护理,比较两组手术相关指标、护理不良事件及护理满意度。结果 两组术中出血量及手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者的入住监护室时间、术后住院时间、不良事件总发生率、护理总满意度均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论 对经鼻碟入路垂体瘤切除术患者予围手术期快速康复外科护理,能够有效降低护理不良事件发生率,缩短患者住院时间,提高患者护理满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

Community reintegration following acquired brain injury

Objective: To evaluate the interventions and strategies used to enable transition from acute care or post-acute rehabilitation to the community following brain injury.

Methods and main outcomes: A systematic review of the literature from 1980-2005 was conducted focusing on ABI rehabilitation. Five major aspects of community reintegration, including: independence and social integration, caregiver burden, satisfaction with quality of life, productivity and return to driving were considered.

Results: With the exception of one, the majority of interventions are supported by only limited evidence, denoting an absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the literature. Of 38 studies evaluated for this review, only one RCT was found. That RCT provided moderate evidence that behavioural management, coupled with caregiver education, did not help to improve caregiver burden. Conclusions: Further research, using an interventional approach, is required to advance the evidence base of reintegration into the community following brain injury.     

Does intensive rehabilitation improve the functional outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI)? A randomized controlled trial

Objective: To evaluate the effects of an increase in the intensity of rehabilitation on the functional outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design and methods: Sixty-eight patients (age 12-65 years) with moderate-to-severe TBI were included. They were randomized into high (4-hour/day) or control (2-hour/day) intensity rehabilitation programmes at an average of 20 days after the injury. The programmes ended when the patients achieved independence in daily activities or when 6 months had passed.

Outcome and results: No significant differences were found in the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) (primary outcome) and Neurobehavioural Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) total scores between the two groups. There were significantly more patients in the high intensity group than in the control group who achieved a maximum FIM total score at the third month (47% vs. 19%, p = 0.015) and a maximum Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at the second (28% vs. 8%, p = 0.034) and third months (34% vs. 14%, p = 0.044).

Conclusions: Early intensive rehabilitation may improve the functional outcome of patients with TBI in the early months post-injury and hence increase the chance of their returning to work early. Intensive rehabilitation in this study speeded up recovery rather than changed the final outcome.