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51.
52.
Adrien JL Rossignol-Deletang N Martineau J Couturier G Barthelemy C 《Developmental psychobiology》2001,39(2):124-136
Based on the Piagetian framework, this study examined regulation of cognitive activity and developmental communication profiles and their interrelationship in groups of autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children of comparable overall, verbal, and oculo-manual developmental ages (from 6 to 24 months). Regulation of activity was assessed with both an object permanence test and an original behavior grid, and development of communication skills with the Guidetti-Tourrette scales (French adaptation of the Seibert-Hogan scales). The results showed evidence of certain types of dysregulation of cognitive activity and a general delay in communication ability in autistic children compared to the other two groups. Moreover, although the intensity of some of these disorders decreased in relation to the developmental levels of social interaction and joint attention in normal children, they were related to both high and low levels of development of social interaction only in autistic children. These findings raise the hypothesis of a relationship between a disorder of disengaging from an activity and developmental levels of social interaction noted at two transitory periods of early development (12 and 24 months) only in children with autism. Developmental and neuropsychological interpretations of this particular pattern are proposed. 相似文献
53.
Properties and regulation of chloride channels in cystic fibrosis and normal airway cells 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Karl Kunzelmann Hermann Pavenstädt Rainer Greger 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1989,415(2):172-182
The present study examines the properties of Cl–channels in cultured respiratory cells of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and normal (N) individuals. In excised membrane patches the conductances for CF and N Cl– channels were larger at positive as compared to negative clamp voltages (V
c): 74±2.6 (V
c > 0) and 47±2.0 pS (V
c < 0) for CF (n= 57) and 69±3.6 (V
c > 0) and 45±2.3 pS (V
c < 0) for N (n=35). The open probability (P
o) of the channel increased markedly with depolarization. Both the voltage dependence of the conductance and of P
o contribute to the outward rectification of the channel. The time histogram analysis reveals two open and two closed time constants. The selectivity of the channel was Cl–=Br– =I– > NO
3
–
gluconate. The channel was inhibited reversibly by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate (NPPB) at 10–7 mol/l to 10–5 mol/l. While Cl– channels were present in cell attached patches of N cells, they were absent in those of CF cells. The mean conductance for cell attached (N) Cl– channels was 76±3.2 pS for positive clamp voltages (V
c) and 46±3.9 pS for negative V
c (n=8). When the membrane patches were excised from CF cells Cl– currents appeared spontaneously (n=19). The immediate appearance (within 1 s) of Cl– channels after excision was observed at positive (n=6) as well as at negative clamp voltage (n=13). Excision activation of CF Cl– channels was observed at low (< 10–9 mol/l) or high (10–3 mol/l) calcium activities on the cytosolic side of the excised patch. Variation of the Ca+ activity (< 10–9–10–3 mol/l) or pH (6.5–8.5) on the cytosolic side exerted no effects on these Cl– channels. These results suggest that Cl– channels are present in the apical membrane of CF and N respiratory cells but they seem to be inhibited in intact CF cells. Excision of the patch and hence removal of the cytosolic inhibitor leads to an activation of Cl– channels. The Cl– channels in excised patches of N and CF cells have identical properties. 相似文献
54.
Richard Meehan Ulric Duncan Laureen Neale Gerald Taylor Harold Muchmore Nan Scott Keith Ramsey Eric Smith Paul Rock Randall Goldblum Charles Houston 《Journal of clinical immunology》1988,8(5):397-406
We investigated the effects on immune function after progressive hypobaric hypoxia simulating an ascent to 25,000 ft (7620 m) over 4 weeks. Multiple simultaneousin vitro andin vivo immunologic variables were obtained from subjects at sea level, 7500 ft (2286 m), and 25,000 ft during a decompression chamber exposure. Phytohemag-glutinin-stimulated thymidine uptake and protein synthesis in mononuclear cells were reduced at extreme altitudes. Mononuclear-cell subset analysis by flow cytometry disclosed an increase in monocytes without changes in B cells or T-cell subsets. Plasma IgM and IgA but not IgG levels were increased at altitudes, whereas pokeweed mitogen-stimulatedin vitro IgG, IgA, and IgM secretion was unchanged. During exposure to 25,000 ft,in vitro phytohemagglutinin-stimulated interferon production and natural killer-cell cytotoxicity did not change statistically, but larger intersubject differences occurred. IgA and lysozyme levels (nasal wash) and serum antibodies to nuclear antigens were not influenced by altitude exposure. These results suggest that T-cell activation is blunted during exposure to severe hypoxemia, whereas B-cell function and mucosal immunity are not. Although the mechanism of alteredin vitro immune responsiveness after exposure to various environmental stressors has not been elucidated in humans, hypoxia may induce alterations in immune regulation as suggested byin vitro immune assays of effector-cell function.Some of this study's results were presented as an abstract at the FASEB meeting in St. Louis, Missouri, 1986. 相似文献
55.
56.
鉴于热休克蛋白90β(hsp90β)基因内含子中含有维生素D3受体(VDR)结合位点,为探讨作为核受体家族成员的VDR是否对核受体特异分子伴侣的hsp90β基因的表达具有调控作用,我们开展了本项研究。分别将野生型VDR、含N端(1~133氨基酸残基)及C端(281~427氨基酸残基)片段的VDR突变体真核表达质粒与人hsp90β基因调控片段(-1039/+1531)介导的氯霉素乙酰基转移酶(CAT)报告基因质粒共转染Jurkat细胞,检测正常及经热休克(42℃,1h)处理后细胞裂解液中CAT活性。结果表明VDRN端增强、而C端抑制hsp90β的组成性表达;在热诱导条件下野生型VDR对hsp90β的表达有一定的抑制作用,而其C端片段的抑制较强。为进一步研究VDR对细胞内源性热休克基因表达的影响,我们用RTPCR方法研究了VDR的对细胞内hsp90β基因mRNA水平的影响,发现VDR过表达对hsp90β的热诱导表达明显抑制。结果提示VDR对hsp90β基因的组成性和热诱导表达的调控机制不同。 相似文献
57.
情绪调节量表在青少年人群中的试用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:考察情绪调节量表在青少年人群中的信度和效度。方法:对789名中学生施测情绪调节量表,对测试结果进行信、效度分析。结果:情绪调节量表表达抑制维度的α系数为0.77,重新评价维度的α系数为0.83。验证性因素分析的结果显示,标准测量模型与实际数据的拟合程度良好,各项目均在对应的维度上具有0.45以上的完全标准化载荷值。对两个维度的关系进行考察,结果显示独立模型与标准测量模型之间无显著差异。不同年级的学生在两种情绪调节策略的使用上没有显著差异,男生较女生更多使用表达抑制策略。结论:情绪调节量表在青少年人群中具有良好的心理测量学品质,可以在进一步的研究中使用。 相似文献
58.
Yoshitaka Saito Terutaka Ozawa Akinori Nishiyama 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1990,417(4):382-390
Kinetic properties of the Na+-H+ antiport in the acinar cells of the isolated, superfused mouse lacrimal gland were studied by measuring intracellular pH (pHi) and Na+ activity (aNai) with the aid of double-barreled H+- and Na+-selective microelectrodes, respectively. Bicarbonate-free solutions were used throughout. Under untreated control conditions, pHi was 7.12±0.01 and aNai was 6.7±0.6 mmol/l. The cells were acid-loaded by exposure to an NH
4
+
solution followed by an Na+-free N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG+) solution. Intracellular Na+ and H+ concentrations were manipulated by changing the duration of exposure to the above solutions. Subsequent addition of the standard Na+ solution rapidly increased pHi. This Na+-induced increase in pHi was almost completely inhibited by 0.5 mmol/l amiloride and was associated with a rapid, amiloride-sensitive increase in aNai. The rate of pHi recovery induced by the standard Na+ solution increased in a saturable manner as pHi decreased, and was negligible at pHi 7.2–7.3, indicating an inactivation of the Na+-H+ antiport. The apparent K
m for intracellular H+ concentration was 105 nmol/l (pH 6.98). The rate of acid extrusion from the acid-loaded cells increased proportionally to the increase in extracellular pH. Depletion of aNai to less than 1 mmol/l by prolonged exposure to NMDG+ solution significantly increased the rate of Na+-dependent acid extrusion. The rate of acid extrusion increased as the extracellular Na+ concentration increased following Michaelis-Menten kinetics (V
max was 0.55 pH/min and the apparent K
m was 75 mmol/l at pHi 6.88). The results clearly showed that the Na+-H+ antiport activity is dependent on the chemical potential gradient of both Na+ and H+ ions across the basolateral membrane, and that the antiporter is asymmetric with respect to the substrate affinity of the transport site. The data agree with the current model of activation and inactivation of the antiporter by an intracellular site through changes in the intracellular Na+ and H+ concentrations. 相似文献
59.
In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa during conditions of sulfur limitation, CYS3, a major positive-acting regulatory protein, turns on the expression of an entire set of genes which encode permeases and
enzymes involved in the acquisition of sulfur from environmental sources. CYS3 functions as a homodimeric protein and possesses
a b-Zip domain that confers sequence-specific DNA binding. Expression of various hybrid GAL4-CYS3 fusion proteins in yeast
was used to detect regions involved in gene activation. An amino-terminal serine/threonine-rich domain of CYS3 alone strongly
activated expression of β-galactosidase, the yeast reporter. Moreover, mutant CYS3 proteins with amino-acid substitutions in this region that showed
increased expression in Neurospora also displayed an enhanced activation potential in yeast. The cys-3 gene of the exotic N. crassa Mauriceville strain and of N. intermedia were cloned and demonstrated to be functional for gene activation and for sulfur-mediated regulation by complementation of
a loss-of-function cys-3 mutation. The amino-terminal serine/threonine-rich region is highly conserved in these two CYS3 proteins, in agreement with
the possibility that it serves as the activation domain. Surprisingly, an extended promoter region of the cys-3 gene in the Mauriceville strain and in N. intermedia was very well conserved with that of the standard N. crassa gene, including the presence of three CYS3-binding sites possibly involved in autogenous control. Results are presented which
indicate that synthesis of the CYS3 regulatory protein is highly regulated and can be detected in the nucleus of cells subjected
to sulfur de-repression, but is not found in the nucleus or the cytoplasm of S-repressed cells. The amino-acid substitutions
of the CYS3 protein present in a temperature-sensitive cys-3 mutant and in a second-site revertant of a cys-3 null mutation are presented and are shown to affect their DNA-binding activities.
Received: 9 January / 5 March 1998 相似文献
60.