超声评价低频脉冲中药导入治疗乳腺囊性增生病临床疗效

目的：超声观察低频脉冲中药导入治疗乳腺囊性增生病的临床疗效。方法：将１５０例患者随机分为治疗组（１００例）和口服乳增宁片对照组（５０例）,超声观察治疗前后乳腺病变组织的变化情况。结果：经２个疗程治疗后,治疗组治愈率６２％,总显效率８３％,总有效率９８％;对照组治愈率３６％,总显效率６６％,总有效率９０％。治疗组的治愈率和总显效率均显著优于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１,Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：低频脉冲中药导入     

Analysis of Drug/Plasma Protein Interactions by Means of Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation

Purpose. The applicability of Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (Asymmetrical Flow FFF) as an alternative tool to examine the distribution of a lipophilic drug (N-Benzoyl-staurosporine) within human plasma protein fractions was investigated with respect to high separation speed and loss of material on surfaces due to adsorption. Methods. Field-Flow Fractionation is defined as a group of pseudo-chromatographic separation methods, where compounds are separated under the influence of an externally applied force based on differences in their physicochemical properties. This method was used to separate human plasma in its protein fractions. The drug distribution in the fractions was investigated by monitoring the fractionated eluate for drug content by fluorescence spectroscopy. Results. Human plasma was separated into human serum albumin (HSA), high density lipoprotein (HDL), ₂-macroglobulin and low density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions in less than ten minutes. Calibration of the system and identification of the individual fractions was performed using commercially available protein reference standards. The influence of membrane type and carrier solution composition on the absolute recovery of N-Benzoyl-staurosporine and fluorescein-isothio-cyanate-albumin (FITC-albumin) was found to be quite significant. Both factors were optimized during the course of the investigations. N-Benzoyl-staurosporine was found to be enriched in the fraction containing HSA. Conclusions. If experimental conditions are thoroughly selected and controlled to suppress drug and plasma protein adsorption at the separation membrane, Asymmetrical Flow FFF shows high recoveries and fast separation of human plasma proteins, and can be a reliable tool to characterize drug / plasma protein interactions. For analytical purposes it has the potential to rival established technologies like ultracentrifugation in terms of ease-of-use, precision, and separation time.     

Vascular depression: a new view of late-onset depression

We have suggested that cerebrovascular disease may predispose, precipitate, or perpetuate some late-life depressive syndromes. The mechanisms of "vascular depression" include disruption of cortico-striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical (CSPTC) pathways or their modulating systems. This view is supported by the presentation of vascular depression, which consists of depressive symptoms, cognitive abnormalities, as well as neuroimaging findings that may result from CSPTC impairment. Moreover, clinical and electrophysiological evidence of CSPTC impairment, an abnormality frequently found in patients with vascular depression, appears to be associated with poor response to antidepressant treatment and early relapse and recurrence. The vascular depression hypothesis provides the conceptual background for studies that may have clinical and theoretical impact. Agents influencing dopamine, acetylcholine, and opioid neurotransmitters may be studied in vascular depression, since these are essential neurotransmitters of the frontostriatal circuitry. Drugs used for prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease may be shown to reduce the risk for vascular depression or improve its outcomes. The choice of antidepressants in vascular depression may depend on their effect on neurological recovery from ischemic lesions. Finally, identification of specific relationships between specific symptoms, cognitive deficits, and disability may lead to interventions that target the patients' deficits as well as their interactions with psychosocial factors known to contribute to depression. Research can clarify the pathways to vascular depression by focusing on the site of lesion, the resultant brain dysfunction, the presentation of depression and time of onset, and the contribution of nonbiological factors.     

Ophthalmic and visual profile of guide dog owners in Scotland

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Out of an estimated 90,000 visually impaired people in Scotland, 509 make use of a guide dog. Initial research in Northern Ireland suggests that the ophthalmic profile of guide dog owners (GDOs) is highly specific. The aim of this study was to compare the ophthalmic and visual characteristics of Scottish GDOs with other groups of visually impaired people. METHODS: A random sample of GDOs from central and northern Scotland (n = 82) underwent a detailed assessment of residual vision (distance and near acuity, visual fields, contrast, and glare sensitivity). Comparative data were obtained from two populations of visually impaired non-GDOs-one group attending hospital ophthalmic and low vision clinics (n = 50) the other social services rehabilitation clients (n = 35). All participants completed a questionnaire to elicit ophthalmic history, age, and registration details. RESULTS: GDOs were found to be significantly younger and more profoundly visually impaired than non-GDOs. The main causes of visual impairment were retinitis pigmentosa (23%), optic atrophy (15%), and retinopathy of prematurity (7%). Ninety nine per cent of GDOs were registered blind and had been visually impaired for an average of 39 years. Only 31% were totally blind. CONCLUSION: GDOs represent a unique minority of the visually impaired population. Epidemiological registration trends would suggest that the numbers of young profoundly visually impaired people are unlikely to increase relative to their elderly counterparts. This has implications on the future demand for guide dog ownership.     

异丙酚和氯胺酮麻醉在头面部肿瘤手术中的比较

目的研究异丙酚和氯胺酮麻醉在头面部手术中对血流动力学的影响和术后清醒度的比较。方法５０例病人，ＡＳＡ分级为Ⅰ－Ⅱ，随机分为两组，异丙酚麻醉组（Ｄ），氯胺酮麻醉组（Ｋ）。Ｄ组用异丙酚２．５ｍｇ．ｋｇ－１诱导，用Ｇｒａｅｓｂｙ－３４０泵注异丙酚４．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｈ－１维持麻醉；ｋ组用氯胺酮２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ－１诱导，静脉点滴氯胺酮３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｈ－１维持麻醉。观察麻醉前（Ｔ０）、注药后（Ｔ１）、插管后（Ｔ２）、手术时（Ｔ３）、拔管前（Ｔ４）５个时点的ＨＲ、ＢＰ的变化，同时观察术后病人清醒的情况，并比较组内的变化和组间的变化。结果两组均对血流动力学有影响，Ｋ组在注药后、插管后、拔管前血压明显升高、心率加快；而Ｄ组在相对时点的ＨＲ、ＢＰ变化比Ｋ组较轻。同时，Ｄ组术后比Ｋ组清醒明显快。结论异丙酚静脉麻醉在头面部肿瘤手术中比氯安酮麻醉更为安全。     

Measurements of preferred walking speed in subjects with central and peripheral vision loss

BACKGROUND: Previous mobility studies have used Preferred Walking Speed (PWS) in order to determine the walking efficiency in terms of the Percent Preferred Walking Speed (PPWS) of visually impaired adults. PWS has been measured in previous studies using the sighted guide (SG) and non-sighted guide (NSG) techniques. This study compared the NSG, SG and string (ST) (subjects walked by holding on lightly to a cardboard tube attached to a piece of string) techniques of measuring PWS in visually impaired subjects. METHODS: Forty visually impaired subjects with central and peripheral vision loss were recruited. PWS was measured using the NSG, SG and ST techniques. For each technique, PWS was determined by recording the time taken for a subject to walk an unobstructed, straight 20-m corridor. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in PWS using the SG, NSG and ST techniques. CONCLUSION: For assessing walking efficiency, either the SG, NSG or ST technique could be employed when measuring PWS in visually impaired subjects.     

硬膜外麻醉复合全麻对开胸手术患者早期恢复质量的影响

目的 探讨硬膜外腔阻滞复合全麻与肋间神经阻滞复合全麻对开胸手术患者早期恢复质量的影响。方法 选取行开胸手术患者76例,按随机数表法分为两组,硬膜外阻滞复合全麻组（E组）、肋间神经阻滞复合全麻组（C组）,每组38例。E组行硬膜外穿刺置管,术中0.2%罗哌卡因维持;C组行切口及上下肋间神经阻滞,两组全麻诱导及维持一致。采用术后恢复质量量表(quality of recovery QoR-40）对患者进行术前1d、术后3d恢复质量评分;采用视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale, VAS）对两组患者进行拔管后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h安静和活动后的VAS评分;同时记录患者首次下床活动时间及住院时间。结果 E组在术后3dQoR-40各项评分均高于C组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;E组静息和运动状态下术后各时间点VAS评分均低于C组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;E组首次下床活动时间较早,住院时间较C组减少,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉用于开胸手术患者,不仅镇痛效果良好,还能明显提高术后早期恢复质量,...     

针刺治疗在加速康复外科中的应用进展

加速康复外科(ERAS)以循证医学证据为基础,优化治疗措施,符合人体在围手术期的应激代谢改变,可降低机体应激反应,达到加速康复的目的.围手术期针刺治疗能缓解患者术前焦虑,缩短术前禁食时间,减少麻醉药物用量,保护器官功能,减轻术后疼痛,减少术后恶心呕吐,加快术后康复.针刺的加入能为ERAS理念的建设提供新方法、新思路.但...     

情志干预对甲状腺手术患者康复的影响

目的:探讨情志干预护理对甲状腺手术患者术后康复的影响。方法:将62例患者随机分为观察组、对照组各31例。2组均行常规护理干预,观察组同时给予情志干预,比较2组的康复效果。结果:血压、心率及Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分进入手术室30分钟后测定值2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。视觉疼痛量表(VAS)评分2组术后8、24小时比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后并发症发生率观察组为3.23%,对照组为16.13%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:情志干预护理有利于改善甲状腺手术患者的身心健康状态,促进术后康复。     

生脉散用于新型冠状病毒肺炎恢复期治疗的可行性探讨

随着新型冠状病毒肺炎符合出院标准的患者逐日增多,恢复期的中医治疗应受到关注,国家卫生健康委员会及地方推出的诊疗方案中都加入了恢复期的中医辨证分型及治疗方药。查阅文献,并分析新冠肺炎恢复期的临床特征及中医分型,发现气阴两虚证为恢复期的主要证候,生脉散为气阴两虚证的代表方剂。对生脉散用于气阴两虚证疾病的临床应用及其抗肺纤维化和血管内皮细胞损伤的药理作用进行了综述,对其用于新冠肺炎恢复期的可行性进行探讨,以期为临床医生和患者的恢复期中医治疗提供参考。