碎吸术冶疗高血压脑出血术后血肿腔再出血的分析

本文根据59例“碎吸术”治疗的高血压脑出血患者术后情况,着重讨论了其中6例术后血肿腔再出血(再出血率9.9％)患者。指出和血肿腔再出血相关的六个因素:1.手术时机的选择;2.术中负压大小的选择;3.术中脑组织切割情况;4.手术前后患者血压高低;5.该类患者凝血机制;6.术后尿激酶冲洗等,并指出相应的防止措施。     

Variceal bleed: secondary prophylaxis- drugs versus endoscopy

Abstract   Variceal rebleeding is frequently encountered in cirrhotic patients surviving an episode of acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage. Endoscopic therapy has evolved from injection sclerotherapy to banding ligation. Medical therapy evolves from propranolol to combination of nadolol and isosorbide-5-mononitrate. Either endoscopic therapy or medical therapy could be helpful for the majority of patients. The combination of endoscopic therapy and medical therapy is a logical approach to prevent variceal rebleeding. For failure cases, rescue therapy with transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic stent shunt or surgery ay be required.     

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目的探讨食管下段胃近端切除，回盲肠间置术治疗门静脉高压症术后再出血的疗效。方法1998～2004年广西医科大学附属第一医院采用食管下段胃近端切除．回盲肠间置术治疗断流术术后再出血5例。结果5例均获随访，最长6年，最短2年。随访期无食管静脉曲张，无复发出血。无术后近期死亡、并发症。结论食管下段胃近端切除、回盲肠间置术治疗门静脉高压症术后再出血止血确切，是一种比较理想的手术方法。     

Estimating HIV incidence in the Akwa Ibom AIDS indicator survey (AKAIS), Nigeria using the limiting antigen avidity recency assay

IntroductionHIV incidence estimates are important to characterize the status of an epidemic, identify locations and populations at high risk and to guide and evaluate HIV prevention interventions. We used the limiting antigen avidity assay (LAg) as part of a recent infection testing algorithm to estimate HIV incidence in the Akwa Ibom AIDS Indicator Survey (AKAIS), Nigeria.MethodsIn 2017, AKAIS, a cross‐sectional population‐based study was conducted at the household (HH) level in 31 local government areas (LGAs) of Akwa Ibom state. Of the 8963 participants aged ≥15 years who were administered questionnaires for demographic and behavioural data, 8306 consented to HIV rapid testing. Whole‐blood specimens were collected from 394 preliminary HIV‐seropositive individuals for CD4+ cell count determination and plasma storage. Samples were shipped to a central quality laboratory for HIV confirmatory testing and viral load determination. A total of 370 HIV‐positive specimens were tested for the recent HIV infection using the LAg assay.ResultsOf the 8306 consenting adults, the HIV prevalence was 4.8%. Of the 370 HIV‐positive samples tested for HIV recency, the median age was 35 years, 48.8% had CD4+ cell count >500/mm³ and 81.3% was not virally suppressed. Viral suppression was greater among females (21%) than for males (13%). A total of 11 specimens were classified as recent based on the LAg assay and HIV viral load ≥1000 copies/mL. The weighted, adjusted HIV‐1 incidence was 0.41/100 person‐years (95% CI 0.16 to 0.66); translating to 13,000 new cases of HIV infections annually in Akwa Ibom, a state with a population of 5.5 million. The HIV incidence rate was similar in females and males (0.41% and 0.42% respectively). The incidence rate was the highest among participants aged 15 to 49 years (0.44%, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.74) translating to 11,000 new infections annually, about 85% of all new infections in the state.ConclusionsThe finding of the high HIV incidence among the 15 to 49‐year age group calls for renewed and innovative efforts to prevent HIV infection among young adults in Akwa Ibom state.     

GRACE评分对急性心肌梗死患者的近期预后预测价值

目的：探究GRACE评分对急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）患者的近期预后的预测价值。方法：回顾性分析2012年3月—2016年9月收治的82例AMI患者的临床资料,按照GRACE评分将患者分为低危组（≤88分,7例）、中危组（89～118分,29例）和高危组（≥119分,46例）,对患者进行跟踪记录,记录1年内患者的主要心脑血管不良事件（major adverse cardiac and cerebral vascular events,MACCE）,包括全因死亡、心肌梗死、缺血性卒中、靶血管血运重建（target vessel revascularization,TVR）,记录患者的出血情况,比较三组患者的冠动脉病变支数和冠动脉病变Geninis评分,并利用相关性分析检测GRACE评分与二者的关系,进而评价GARCE评分对急性心肌梗死患者的近期预后预测价值。结果：对三组患者MACCE与出血时间进行对比,MACCE中心肌梗死（0%,3.4%,8.7%）、全因死亡（0%,6.9%,10.7%）和出血事件（0%,10.3%,13.0%）发生的概率根据患者低危、中危、高危逐渐上升;对三组患者冠动脉支数和Geninis评分对比,单支血管病变的概率随着缓和低危（57.1%）、中危（24.1%）、高危（8.7%）逐渐增加,双支血管病变、三支血管病变和Geninis评分对着患者低危[28.6%,14.3%,（49.98±19.23）分]、中危[31.0%,44.8%,（65.99±39.04）分]、高危[43.5%,47.8%,（88.09±36.95）分]逐渐增大;对GRACE危险评分与患者病变血管支数和Geninis评分的相关性进行研究,GRACE评分与患者病变血管支数（r=0.312）和Geninis评分（r=0.395）呈正相关的关系,以上差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：GRACE危险评分对AMI患者近期预后具有预测价值,其患者病变血管支数和Geninis评分成正相关,GRACE评分越好,患者的病变血管支数和Geninis评分越好,建议在临床上应用其对患者的预后进行预测。