Peroperative scoring systems for predicting the outcome of cytoreductive surgery in advanced-stage ovarian cancer – A systematic review

The extent of peritoneal metastases (PM) largely determines the possibility of complete or optimal cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer. An objective scoring system to quantify the extent of PM can help clinicians to decide whether or not to embark on CRS. Therefore several scoring systems have been developed by different research teams and this review summarizes their performance in predicting a complete or optimal cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. A systematic search in the MEDLINE database revealed 19 articles that described a total of five main scoring systems to predict the completeness of CRS in patients with FIGO stage III-IV ovarian cancer based on the surgical exploration of the abdominal cavity; PCI, PIV, Eisenkop, Espada, and Kasper. The Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) and the Predictive Index Value (PIV) were mentioned most frequently and showed AUCs of 0.69–0.92 and 0.66–0.98, respectively. Due to the use of different cut-offs sensitivities and specificities greatly varied. Therefore with the current data, no scoring system could be identified as best. An objective measure of the extent of disease can be of great clinical use for identifying ovarian cancer patients for which a complete (or optimal) CRS is achievable, however due to local differences in treatment strategies and surgical policy a widely adopted objective scoring system with a standard cut-off value is not feasible. Nevertheless, objective scoring systems can play an important role to guide treatment decisions.     

Identification of biomarkers for essential hypertension based on metabolomics

AimEssential hypertension (EH) is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of EH is unclear and early diagnostic methods are lacking. Metabolomics demonstrates great potential for biomarker discovery and the mechanistic exploration of metabolic diseases.Data synthesisThis review included human and animal metabolomics studies related to EH in the PubMed and Web of Science databases between February 1996 and May 2020. The study designs, EH standards, and reported metabolic biomarkers were systematically examined and compared. The pathway analysis was conducted through the online software MetaboAnalyst 4.0.Twenty-two human studies and fifteen animal studies were included in this systematic review. There were many frequently reported biomarkers with consistent trends (e.g., pyruvate, lactic acid, valine, and tryptophan) in human and animal studies, and thus had potential as biomarkers of EH. In addition, several shared metabolic pathways, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis, were identified in human and animal metabolomics studies. These biomarkers and pathways, closely related to insulin resistance, the inflammatory state, and impaired nitric oxide production, were demonstrated to contribute to EH development.ConclusionsThis study summarized valuable metabolic biomarkers and pathways that could offer opportunities for the early diagnosis or prediction of EH and the discovery of the metabolic mechanisms of EH.     

2006—2019年广州市食物中毒突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征分析

目的 掌握广州市食物中毒突发公共卫生事件规律和特点,为提高其有效应对和防控提供科学依据。 方法 收集2006—2019年国家“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统” 报告的广州市食物中毒突发公共卫生事件,应用描述性流行病学方法进行统计和分析。 结果 研究的14年间,广州市共报告食物中毒突发公共卫生事件89起,原因查明率为94.38%,中毒人数2 692人,死亡11人。69.66%的事件发生在5—9月。75.28%的事件致病因素是细菌,副溶血弧菌是细菌性食物中毒事件的首要致病菌,63.64%的死亡病例归因植物性食物中毒,78.65%的事件中毒场所在集体食堂。事件持续时间的中位数为13.50 h(范围为:0~135.33 h)。首例病例发生时间到接报的中位数是0.60 d(范围为:0.04~5.69 d),r=0.601,P＜0.01。 结论 加强食物中毒事件和食品安全风险监测,尽早介入处置,加强针对性的宣传,落实重点场所防控督导巡查,将有助于减少食物中毒事件发生和危害影响。     

2017—2019年浙江省温州市经性传播感染的HIV/AIDS感染来源及特征分析

目的 分析2017—2019年浙江省温州市经性传播感染的HIV/AIDS感染来源和特征,为艾滋病综合防治措施的调整提供依据。 方法 以2017—2019年温州市鹿城区和永嘉县新发现的经性传播感染的HIV/AIDS为研究对象,调查收集其人口学、性行为、流动情况等信息,并采血检测首次CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数,运用Epi Data 3.1和SAS大学版软件进行数据整理和统计分析。 结果 342名调查对象以男性、25～59岁年龄段为主,未婚、初中及以下文化程度、外地迁入者居多。经感染来源判定,新感染比例为22.42%,本地感染比例为71.00%。15~24岁以下年龄组、未婚病例新感染比例高,分别为33.33%和31.54%;60岁及以上年龄组、教师/干部/退休等职业、大专及以上文化程度病例本地感染比例高,分别为94.74%、87.80%和81.43%;新感染病例曾发生非商业临时异性性行为、固定性伴同性性行为的比例分别为60.87%和39.53%,高于既往感染病例(χ²=3.967,P=0.047;χ²=4.314,P=0.038);本地感染病例曾发生非商业临时同性性行为比例为98.26%,高于外地感染病例(P=0.036)。 结论 2017—2019年温州市经性传播感染的HIV/AIDS以既往感染和本地感染为主,青年、老年及高知人群不容忽视,应加强对非商业临时性行为的干预。     

Characteristic hydrolyzing of megalosaccharide by human salivary α-amylase and small intestinal enzymes,and its bioavailability in healthy subjects

The digestibility of Megalosaccharide® (newly developed carbohydrate comprising α-1,4-glucosaccharide) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Isomaltosyl-megalosaccharide® (IMS) and nigerosyl-megalosaccharide® (NMS) contain 20% and 50% of the megalosaccharide fraction (degree of polymerization (DP) 10–35), respectively. IMS was hydrolyzed readily by α-amylase to oligosaccharides (DP?≤?7), and a small amount of glucose was produced from oligosaccharides by small intestinal enzymes (SIEs). NMS was partially hydrolyzed by α-amylase to oligosaccharides, and a small amount of glucose produced by SIEs. When IMS and NMS were treated by SIEs after treatment with human saliva α-amylase for a few minutes, IMS and NMS were hydrolyzed readily to glucose. Plasma levels of glucose and insulin upon ingestion of 50?g of IMS or NMS were elevated the same as those for 50?g of glucose, and breath hydrogen was not excreted. These results suggest that IMS and NMS are digestible carbohydrates.