2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值与血糖波动的影响因素分析*

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值（uACR）与血糖波动的影响因素。方法 选取339例确诊的2型糖尿病患者,应用动态血糖监测系统监测血糖,收集其临床资料。首先依据平均血糖波动幅度（MAGE）分组,MAGE<3.9?mmol/L 99例（血糖波动正常组）,MAGE≥3.9?mmol/L 240例（血糖波动异常组）,分析影响血糖波动的因素;再依据uACR分组,uACR<30?mg/g 197例（uACR正常组）,uACR≥30?mg/g 142例（uACR异常组）,分析影响uACR的因素。结果 血糖波动正常组与血糖波动异常组比较,病程、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、uACR差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。糖尿病病程[OlR=1.040（95% CI：0.958,1.758）]、总胆固醇[OlR=1.332（95% CI：1.061,1.672）]是血糖波动的影响因素。uACR正常组与uACR异常组比较,年龄、病程、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、NLR、MAGE差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。病程[OlR=1.055（95% CI：1.014,1.096）]、NLR [OlR=2.186（95% CI：1.602,2.983）]、MAGE [OlR=1.438（95% CI：1.226,1.688）]是uACR的影响因素。结论 随着2型糖尿病患者病程的进展,血糖波动幅度逐渐增大,总胆固醇可影响血糖波动;随着病情的进展,机体的炎症反应增强,血糖波动幅度的增大可影响uACR。     

胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤假腔壁力学分析的动物实验

目的从力学的角度分析腹主动脉瘤破裂和胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤破裂的原因。方法通过胸主动脉夹层假腔内外层的屈服形状改变比能,发现两者间的关系。结果60%的实验犬形成夹层模型。假腔内层的形状改变比能测试结果差异有统计学意义。结论当胸主动脉管壁遭遇大于内层屈服形状改变比能而又小于外层屈服形状改变比能的血流冲击时,就会导致中膜分离形成夹层。     

Infrared analysis of bones in magnesium-deficient rats treated with vitamin K<Subscript>2</Subscript>

In this study, we compared the effects of vitamin K₂ menatetrenone on bone mechanical properties in rats fed a low-magnesium (Mg) diet. In addition, the mechanism of bone quality was examined using Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI). Thirty 4-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: intact, low-Mg-control, and low-Mg-MK-4 groups. Rats in the low-Mg groups were given a diet containing 6 mg/100 g Mg (intact, 90 mg/100 g). After an 8-week-treatment, the cortical bone mineral content (CtBMC), outer perimeter, and endo perimeter of the femoral diaphysis in the low-Mg-control group were significantly higher, while the maximum load (ML) and elastic modulus (EM) were 81% and 50% of those in the intact group, respectively (respectively, P < 0.05). In the low-Mg-MK-4 group, ML and EM were significantly higher than in the low-Mg-control group (P < 0.05), with no differences in CtBMC. The mineral/matrix ratios for the periosteal and central regions in the low-Mg-control group were 162% and 120% of those in the intact group (both, P < 0.05), respectively. MK-4 significantly inhibited these increases (P < 0.05). We found that the mineral/matrix ratios for the periosteal region of the femoral diaphysis were negatively correlated with EM, suggesting that an increase in the mineral/matrix ratio may be involved in the reduction of EM and that MK-4 may improve EM by improving the mineral/matrix ratio.     

Gender ratio of migraine without aura: observations over time

Abstract Migraine without aura is typically considered a female condition. The purpose of this study was to determine if there have been any changes in the female-to-male ratio of the disease over time. We included in the study all patients with migraine without aura (n=3457) referred to the Parma University Headache Centre between 1976 and 1995. They were divided into subgroups with respect to gender and year-range of onset of migraine (before 1960, in the 1960s, in the 1970s, in the 1980s, and between 1990 and 1995). Gender ratio ranged from 3.6:1 (in patients with onset before 1960) to 2.8:1 (in patients with onset in the 1980s), with no statistically significant changes during the observation period.     

术前MRI判断垂体腺瘤质地及其与胶原含量的对照

目的探讨术前MR I判断垂体腺瘤质地的可能性,及其与肿瘤胶原含量的关系。方法57例经手术证实的垂体腺瘤标本,根据术中肿瘤硬度分为质地韧(纤维化)组8例与质地软(非纤维化)组49例,所有病例术前均行MR I检查并测量T1加权像(T1W I)、T2加权像(T2W I)、T1增强像(T1 W I)上肿瘤与灰、白质的信号强度比(瘤体/灰质、瘤体/白质);标本行天狼猩红染色检测其胶原含量。结果纤维化与非纤维化组T W I瘤体/灰质分别为1.31±0.31、1.16±0.26;T1W I瘤体/白质分别为1.01±0.25、0.91±0.18,两组间无显著统计学差异(P>0.05)。T1 W I瘤体/灰质分别为1.83±0.28、1.84±0.51;T1 W I瘤体/白质分别为1.56±0.24、1.46±0.37两组间无显著统计学差异(P>0.05)。T2W I瘤体/灰质分别为1.15±0.26、1.57±0.46(P<0.05);T2W I瘤体/白质分别为1.48±0.39、2.10±0.61(P<0.01)两组间有显著统计学差异。胶原含量分别为20.03%±7.99%、7.87%±4.82%,两者有显著统计学差异(P<0.01);且T2W I瘤体/灰质、T2W I瘤体/白质与胶原含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.531、r=-0.726,P均<0.01)。结论术前MR I可以预测垂体腺瘤的质地;其中以T2W I瘤体/白质作预测指标为最佳,T2W I瘤体/白质小于1.9者提示腺瘤质地较硬。胶原含量影响垂体腺瘤质地,MR I上T2W I瘤体/白质、T2W I瘤体/灰质可以反映其胶原含量的多少。     

MR评价垂体腺瘤质地及与其胶原含量的关系

目的利用MR测量垂体腺瘤不同质地的信号强度,并分析其与肿瘤胶原含量间的关系。方法57例经手术证实的垂体腺瘤标本,术前均行MR检查,根据术中肿瘤硬度分为质地韧组(8例)与质地软组(49例),标本行天狼猩红染色检测其胶原含量。结果纤维化与非纤维化组T1WI瘤体/灰质信号强度比分别为1.31±0.31、1.16±0.26;T1WI瘤体/白质信号强度比分别为1.01±0.25、0.91±0.18,两组间差异无统计学意义(P(0.05);T1+WI瘤体/灰质信号强度比分别为1.83±0.28、1.84±0.51;T1+WI瘤体/白质信号强度比分别为1.56±0.24、1.46±0.37,两组间差异无统计学意义(P(0.05);T2WI瘤体/灰质信号强度比分别为1.15±0.26、1.57±0.46(P(0.05);T2WI瘤体/白质信号强度比分别为1.48±0.39、2.10±0.61,两组间有统计学意义(P(0.01);胶原含量分别为20.03%±7.99%、7.87%±4.82%,两组间有统计学意义(P<0.01);且T2WI瘤体/灰质、T2WI瘤体/白质与胶原含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.531、r=-0.726,P均(0.01)。结论术前MR可以预测垂体腺瘤的质地;其中以T2WI瘤体/白质为预测指标为最佳。胶原含量影响垂体腺瘤质地,MRI上T2WI可以反映其胶原含量的多少。     

Cholinergic modulation of response properties and orientation tuning of neurons in primary visual cortex of anaesthetized Marmoset monkeys

Cortical processing is strongly influenced by the actions of neuromodulators such as acetylcholine (ACh). Early studies in anaesthetized cats argued that acetylcholine can cause a sharpening of orientation tuning functions and an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of neuronal responses in primary visual cortex (V1). Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that acetylcholine reduces the efficacy of feedback and intracortical connections via the activation of muscarinic receptors, and increases the efficacy of feed-forward connections via the activation of nicotinic receptors. If orientation tuning is mediated or enhanced by intracortical connections, high levels of acetylcholine should diminish orientation tuning. Here we investigate the effects of acetylcholine on orientation tuning and neuronal responsiveness in anaesthetized marmoset monkeys. We found that acetylcholine caused a broadening of the orientation tuning in the majority of cells, while tuning functions became sharper in only a minority of cells. Moreover, acetylcholine generally facilitated neuronal responses, but neither improved signal-to-noise ratio, nor reduced trial-to-trial firing rate variance systematically. Acetylcholine did however, reduce variability of spike occurrences within spike trains. We discuss these findings in the context of dynamic control of feed-forward and lateral/feedback connectivity by acetylcholine.     

The combined use of non-radioactive in situ hybridization and real-time RT-PCR to assess gene expression in cryosections

Gene expression changes in pathophysiological states can be spatiotemporally monitored by in situ hybridization and reliably quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Here we developed a new method whereby adjacent slides of frozen sections can be used for gene expression analysis by in situ hybridization and real-time RT-PCR. We applied this method to assess the mRNA expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), the major astrocytic connexin, after kainate-induced seizures in rat hippocampus. Gap junction-building connexins play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases of the brain, including epilepsy. The number of Cx43 mRNA-positive cells in the hippocampus of kainate-treated and control rats was automatically quantified by computerized image analysis of brain sections hybridized with DIG-labeled RNA probes. In parallel, real-time RT-PCR was used to examine the relative Cx43 mRNA levels in hippocampal tissue from adjacent brain sections. Applying these two very sensitive methods we showed that kainate induced seizures do not affect hippocampal connexin 43 mRNA expression.     

PSA密度对TPSA灰区前列腺癌的诊断意义

目的：探讨总前列腺特异性抗原（TPSA）位于灰区（4．0～10．0μg／L）时前列腺特异性抗原密度（PS—AD）在前列腺癌（PCa）诊断中的意义并确定合适的PSAD值界点。方法：对T-PSA在灰区的128例BPH及54例PCa的血清PSA相关检测结果进行回顾性分析,将所有病例以F／T-PSA=0．16为界点分为两组并分别对其PSAD值进行对比分析。结果：通过分析在不同F／T-PSA下不同PSAD对前列腺癌阳性率的影响表明,当F／T-PSA％0．16时,PSAD以0．15为界值,PSAD〉0．15患者的前列腺癌阳性率显著高于PSAD〈O．15患者的前列腺癌阳性率;F／T-PSA〉0．16时,PSAD以0．20为界值,PSAD〉0．20患者前列腺癌阳性率显著高于PSAD〈0．20患者的前列腺癌阳性率。结论：PSA、F／T-PSA、PSAD是诊断前列腺癌的敏感指标,而联合测定PSA、F／T-PSA及PSAD能显著提高T-PSA位于灰区时前列腺癌的诊断。当F／T-PSA〈0．16时,PSAD以0．15为界值,PSAD在前列腺癌的诊断中有显著意义（P〈0．05）;当F／T-PSA〉0．16时,PSAD无论以0．15或0．20为界值,PSAD在前列腺癌的诊断中均有显著意义（P〈O．05）,尤其当PSAD以0．20为界值时,PSAD在前列腺癌的诊断中意义更显著（P〈0．01）。故推荐在F／T-PSA〈O．16时PSAD以0．15为界值;在F／T-PSA〉0．16时PSAD以0．20为界值。