针刀治疗神经根型颈椎病研究概述

神经根型颈椎病在颈部疾患中发病率高,常表现为颈、肩、上肢运动感觉功能障碍,致使中老年人饱受疾患折磨,且该病随着生活、工作方式改变有年轻化发病趋势。西医非手术治疗该病常采取消炎镇痛、缓解神经根水肿等办法,不能有效解除压迫及高应力状态,症状易反复,难以达到患者期望值。而手术治疗风险较大、术后恢复慢且经济负担重,患者接受程度普遍较低。自朱汉章教授1976年创造针刀伊始神经根型颈椎病便是针刀治疗的优势病种。针刀治疗神经根型颈椎病作用机制复杂,在病理生理、临床试验等层面已得到部分阐释。临床操作各有千秋,常表现为进针点定位选择之别。除单纯针刀疗法外,针刀搭配其他治疗方式而衍生出的一系列综合疗法如手法、药物、神经阻滞、针灸等为治疗该病提供了更多选项。经40余年的针刀医学实践阐明,针刀治疗神经根型颈椎病具有独特优势。该文检索中国知网、万方网等数据库有关文献,总结了针刀治疗该病的最新研究进展。现从机理研究、操作方法、方案选择三个方面加以概述,便于为临床提供参考,促进针刀医学的基层推广。     

Clinical approach to hip pain

Hip joint pain occurs not uncommonly in clinical practice. Arthritis of the hip joint, ligament strain and bursitis are some of the common causes of hip joint pain encountered by physicians. This article dwells on relevant clinical anatomy of the hip and the diagnostic approach to hip pain in rheumatology clinic.     

A novel assessment of abdominal pseudohernia after thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures using surface electromyography and ultrasonography: A case report

Rationale:An abdominal pseudohernia is a protrusion of the abdominal wall that there is no actual muscular disruption. This report presents a case in which abdominal muscle activities were accurately and quantitatively measured using ultrasonography (US) and surface electromyography in a patient with abdominal pseudohernia.Patient concerns:A 62-year-old man presented with a marked protrusion on the left abdomen with increasing abdominal pressure.Diagnoses:First, the thickness of the abdominal muscle was measured with US while the patient constantly blew the positive expiratory pressure device. When the force was applied to the abdomen, the mean thickness of the muscle layer on the lesion site was found to be thinner. Second, the activities of the abdominal muscles were measured using surface electromyography by attaching electrodes to 8 channels at the same time. When the same pressure was applied on both sides of the abdomen, more recruitment occurred to compensate for muscle weakness at the lesion site. Through the previous 2 tests, the decrease in muscle activity in the lesion area could be quantitatively evaluated. Third, the denervation of the muscle was confirmed using US-guided needle electromyography.Interventions:The patient in this case was wearing an abdominal binder. In addition, he had been training his abdominal muscles through McGill exercise and breathing exercises such as with a positive expiratory pressure device.Outcomes:The patient was able to understand his symptoms. A follow-up test will be performed to see if there is any improvement.Lessons:By using these outstanding assessment methods, proper diagnosis and rehabilitation treatment strategies can be developed.     

Larger pain extent is associated with greater pain intensity and disability but not with general health status or psychosocial features in patients with cervical radiculopathy

Pain as a result of cervical radiculopathy (CR) can be widespread, nondermatomal and individually specific, but the association between pain extent and other clinical features has never been explored. The objective of this study is to investigate whether pain extent relates to clinical variables including pain intensity in addition to health indicators including disability, general health, depression, somatic anxiety, coping strategies or self-efficacy.An observational cohort study was conducted. Participants were recruited from 4 hospital spinal centres in Sweden. Pain extent was quantified from the pain drawings of 190 individuals with cervical disc disease, verified with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compatible with clinical findings (examined by a neurosurgeon), that show cervical nerve root compression. Pain extent was evaluated in relation to neck pain, arm pain, and headache intensity. Multiple linear regression analysis were then used to verify whether pain extent was associated with other health indicators including disability, health-related quality of life, depression, somatic anxiety, coping strategies and self-efficacy.Pain extent was directly related to neck, arm and headache pain intensity (all P < .01). Multiple linear regression revealed that pain extent was significantly associated only to the level of perceived disability (P < .01).Increased pain extent in people with CR is associated with higher headache, neck and arm pain intensity, and disability but not measures of general health, depression, somatic anxiety, coping strategies or self-efficacy.     

针刺太溪、复溜治疗神经根型颈椎病疗效观察

目的观察针刺太溪、复溜穴治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法将80例神经根型颈椎病患者分为治疗组40例和对照组40例,治疗组选择针刺太溪、复溜穴进行治疗,对照组则选取与病变椎体相对应的双侧颈夹脊穴进行治疗。结果治疗组与对照组近期疗效与远期疗效差异不明显。结论针刺太溪、复溜穴治疗神经根型颈椎病疗效与针刺局部颈夹脊穴作用相当,但取穴少而精,有利于临床推广应用。     

神经根型颈椎病椎间孔内神经根受压的原因分析及减压方式选择

目的:分析神经根型颈椎病患者椎间孔内神经根受压的原因,选择合理的减压方式。方法 :2010年1月~2013年8月,我院共收治神经根型颈椎病患者178例,其中56例为椎间孔内神经根受压所致的单侧神经根型颈椎病,术前VAS评分为8.99±1.01分(7~10分);颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)为41.15±7.12分(37~49分)。根据术前影像学资料判断椎间孔内神经根受压的原因分为3组:单纯椎间盘压迫,14例(A组);单纯骨性压迫,22例(B组);混合压迫(椎间盘+骨性压迫),20例(C组)。A组切除椎间盘至钩椎关节,适当扩大椎间孔,取出突出髓核;B、C组切除椎间盘至钩椎关节后,将钩突基底部内侧磨平,充分显露钩突后部、上位椎体后下角及钩椎关节间隙,刮除上位椎体后下角及部分增生的钩突。减压后均行椎间植骨内固定。使用Surgimap软件测量患者术前颈椎双斜位X线片上病变节段的双侧椎间孔面积,将健侧与患侧的椎间孔面积进行对比。比较3组患者术前及末次随访时VAS评分和NDI,同时比较3组的手术时间、术中出血量和术后住院时间。结果:3组患者术前健侧椎间孔面积无显著性差异(P0.05),B组和C组的患侧椎间孔面积均较A组明显狭窄(P0.05);B组和C组无显著性差异(P0.05);B组和C组的患侧椎间孔面积均较各自的对侧椎间孔面积明显狭窄(P0.05);而A组患侧椎间孔面积较对侧无明显狭窄(P0.05)。3组患者均顺利完成手术,B、C组与A组相比术中出血量较多,手术时间和术后住院天数较长(P0.05);B组与C组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。术后3组患者均无神经症状加重、感染及脑脊液漏等并发症发生。56例患者均获得随访,随访时间27.2±8.9个月(12~52个月),3组术前VAS评分和NDI比较无显著性差异(P0.05),末次随访时亦无显著性差异(P0.05);3组末次随访时与术前比较均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:术前根据影像学资料分析神经根型颈椎病患者椎间孔内神经根受压的原因,进行针对性的减压手术可取得良好效果。     

Dorsal Epidural Intervertebral Disk Herniation With Atypical Radiographic Findings: Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Background/Objective: Intervertebral disk herniation is relatively common. Migration usually occurs in the ventral epidural space; rarely, disks migrate to the dorsal epidural space due to the natural anatomical barriers of the thecal sac.

Design: Case report.

Findings: A 49-year-old man presented with 1 week of severe back pain with bilateral radiculopathy to the lateral aspect of his lower extremities and weakness of the ankle dorsiflexors and toe extensors. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium revealed a peripheral enhancing dorsal epidural lesion with severe compression of the thecal sac. Initial differential diagnosis included spontaneous hematoma, synovial cyst, and epidural abscess. Posterior lumbar decompression was performed; intraoperatively, the lesion was identified as a large herniated disk fragment.

Conclusions: Dorsal migration of a herniated intervertebral disk is rare and may be difficult to definitively diagnose preoperatively. Dorsal disk migration may present in a variety of clinical scenarios and, as in this case, may mimic other epidural lesions on magnetic resonance imaging.     

Electrical impedance myography in the diagnosis of radiculopathy

Introduction: We sought to determine whether electrical impedance myography (EIM) could serve as a diagnostic procedure for evaluation of radiculopathy. Methods: Twenty‐seven patients with clinically and radiologically diagnosed cervical or lumbosacral radiculopathy who met a “gold standard” definition underwent EIM and standard needle electromyography (EMG) of multiple upper or lower extremity muscles. Results: EIM reactance values revealed consistent reductions in the radiculopathy‐affected myotomal muscles as compared with those on the unaffected side; the degree of asymmetry was associated strongly with the degree of EMG abnormality (P < 0.001). EIM had a sensitivity of 64.5% and a specificity of 77.0%; in comparison, EMG had a sensitivity of 79.7% but a specificity of 69.7%. Conclusions: These findings support the potential for EIM to serve as a new non‐invasive tool to assist in diagnosis of radiculopathy; however, further refinement of the technique is needed for this specific application. Muscle Nerve 48:800–805, 2013     

21例颈椎前路手术的加速康复外科理念应用体会

目的 探索加速康复围手术期管理方法在颈椎前路手术中的作用。方法 回顾分析2019年7月至2021年6月我科收治的42例颈椎病患者,其中加速康复组和传统组各21例,比较两组患者围手术期资料（手术时间、出血量、引流放置时间、离床活动时间、术后住院时间）、临床疗效、吞咽功能。结果 两组基线资料差异无明显统计学意义（P>0.05）。在围手术期资料方面,加速康复组手术时间、术中出血量与传统组无明显差异（P>0.05）,而引流管放置时间、术后离床活动时间、术后住院时间均较传统组短（P<0.05）。在临床疗效方面,两组术后1天、1月、6月VAS评分及术后1月、6月JOA评分均较术前明显改善（P<0.05）,加速康复组术后1天VAS评分优于传统组（P<0.05）,其余时点及VAS评分、JOA评分两组间无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。在吞咽功能评分方面,加速康复组在术后1天、术后1月轻度及以下吞咽困难比例较传统组高,中度吞咽困难患者比例较低（P<0.05）,而术后6月两组吞咽困难评分差异无明显统计学意义（P>0.05）。在术后并发症方面,加速康复组出现1例皮肤浅层感染,2例尿潴留,传统组出现1例肺部感染,经过保守治疗后好转,无再次手术患者,无其他重大并发症。结论 加速康复理念运用于颈椎前路手术中,可改善围手术期疗效,缩短住院时间,有利于提高患者手术体验。