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91.
Edwin Pelfrene Peter Vlerick France Kittel Rudolf P. Mak Marcel Kornitzer Guy De Backer 《Stress and health》2002,18(1):43-56
The Karasek Job Demand–Control model has as its central tenet the so‐called ‘strain hypothesis’, stating that the most adverse health outcomes are to be expected in ‘high strain’ jobs characterized by high job demands and low job control. Later, this model was elaborated, stating that ‘isolated’ high strain workers experiencing low worksite social support are even more worse off. This is labelled the ‘iso‐strain hypothesis’. However, in the literature, the question was raised whether a high level of job control may (1) mitigate or buffer the effects of high job demands on psychological well‐being, or alternatively whether (2) a high level of social support may buffer the negative impact of high strain on psychological well‐being. In this study among 16 335 male workers and 5084 female workers in Belgium, four indicators of psychological well‐being are considered: feelings of depression, feelings of fatigue, sleep problems and use of psychoactive drugs. Both in men and in women, the general strain hypothesis and the iso‐strain hypothesis alike are corroborated regarding the cross‐sectional associations adjusted for age, level of education and living situation. This is most clear with respect to feelings of depression, less so with respect to the use of psychotropic drugs. The buffer hypotheses however are definitely not supported by our data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
92.
目的了解初诊肿瘤患者心理痛苦现状、影响因素及舒缓疗护需求,为针对性干预提供参考。方法对85例初诊肿瘤患者采用自行修订的舒缓疗护适应范围问卷进行调查。结果患者心理痛苦得分4.45±2.45,达显著心理痛苦者占61.18%;不同种类疾病者心理痛苦得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);心理痛苦相关因素5个因子问题存在率5.88%~27.65%,排序前3的条目为无时间精力照顾孩子、疲乏、担忧及无时间精力做家务;对舒缓疗护有需求者为62.35%(53/85),女性及乳腺癌患者需求率高于男性及其他患者(均P0.01)。结论初诊肿瘤患者心理痛苦处于中度程度,影响因素较多,主要为实际问题及心身问题,对舒缓疗护有较高的需求。医护人员需了解不同个体的心理痛苦因素,采取针对性措施加以改善。 相似文献
93.
目的研制符合我国文化背景的老年慢性病患者健康赋权测评工具。方法通过文献回顾、质性访谈和专家咨询等方法,形成老年慢性病患者健康赋权预试量表;选取326例老年慢性病患者对预试量表进行信效度检验。结果正式量表由26个条目组成,包括责任信念、获取支持、增长知识、参与治疗、重建自我5个维度,共解释总变异量的68.513%。总量表Cronbach′sα系数为0.927,折半信度为0.842。5个维度的Cronbach′sα系数为0.832~0.899,折半信度为0.842~0.904。条目内容效度(CVI)为0.80~1.00。结论老年慢性病患者健康赋权量表信效度良好,可为评估老年慢性病患者健康赋权状况提供参考。 相似文献
94.
Economic Stressors and Psychological Distress: Exploring Age Cohort Variation in the Wake of the Great Recession 下载免费PDF全文
This study examined processes linking age cohort, economic stressors, coping strategies and two indicators of psychological distress (i.e. depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms). Structural equation models were conducted utilizing data from a national survey that was undertaken in order to understand life change consequences of the period of economic downturn from 2007 to 2009 known as the Great Recession. Findings revealed that the associations between economic stressors and symptoms of both depression and anxiety were significantly greater for members of the millennial cohort compared with baby boomers. These effects are partly explained by the greater tendency of members of the baby boomer cohort to use active coping strategies. These findings clarify the circumstances in which age matters most for the associations among economy‐related stressors, coping strategies and psychological well‐being. They highlight how difficult economic circumstances influence the availability of coping strategies and, in turn, psychological well‐being—and differently for younger and older age cohorts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
95.
96.
目的了解恶性肿瘤临终患者对生命走向终结的真实感受以及对善终的理解期望,为临终关怀护理提供依据。方法采用现象学研究与参与式观察相结合的方法,对16例恶性肿瘤患者就死亡和善终的话题进行深入访谈。结果恶性肿瘤临终患者对善终的认知包括3个主题13个副主题:生理方面为没有躯体疼痛、避免过度医疗、保持身体完整;心理方面为社交需求、保持尊严、拥有自主、心愿达成、后事交代、家庭和谐、精神慰藉;社会方面为经济状况、医疗资源、医疗照护。结论医护人员应深入了解恶性肿瘤患者的感受和身心需求,做到合理病情告知,适度医疗,减轻痛苦;同时加强医护人员善终相关知识与技能的培训,增加临终关怀病房和宁养机构,最大可能帮助患者实现善终。 相似文献
97.
目的 探讨心理干预对几内亚华人恶性疟患者心理状态、治疗依从性及治疗效果的影响。方法 采用随机方法将62例几内亚华人恶性疟患者分为干预组(32例)和对照组(30例)。干预组在常规治疗、护理基础上予以积极心理干预,对照组予以常规治疗、护理。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对两组患者心理状态进行评定,并比较两组的治疗依从性和治疗效果。结果 心理干预治疗后,干预组SCL-90量表中躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性等因子得分均低于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组患者接受常规治疗和护理的依从性(93.8%)及恶性疟治愈率(87.5%)均明显高于对照组(70.0%和60.0%),其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 积极有效的心理干预能够减轻恶性疟患者的心理应激状态,改善不良情绪,提高治疗效果。 相似文献
98.
目的建立住院患者心理应激反应及其影响因素关系的结构方程模型,对住院患者的应激过程进行全面整体的研究。方法采取分层、随机、整群抽样方法,使用相应问卷调查782例住院患者的应激源、应对方式、自我效能、社会支持、人格和心理应激反应。结果直接关系的检验进入回归方程的变量为:医院应激(β=0.357)、社会支持(β=-0.109)、病程(β=0.106)、经济状况(β=-0.120)、自我效能(r=-0.315)、神经质(β=0.388)、内外向(β=-0.153)、回避(β=0.095)、屈服(β=0.370),均P〈0.01。医院应激与回避、屈服、神经质3个中介因素存在显著性相关(r=0.125、0.140、0.223,均P〈0.01),自我效能与回避、屈服、社会支持、神经质、内外向5个中介因素存在显著性相关(r=0.113、-0.102、0.189、-0.192、0.196,均P〈0.01)。自我效能对各原因变量(神经质、内外向、屈服、社会支持)的口值下降,但仍然显著。由此建立的应激结构方程模型拟合较好,进入结构方程模型的中介变量为:医院应激、社会支持、病程、经济、自我效能、神经质、内外向、回避。自我效能是一个重要的中介变量;医院应激可直接和间接作用于心理反应。结论可以通过加强正面影响因素如自我效能,削弱负面影响因素如神经质、消极应对方式等措施,降低或缓冲患者心理应激强度,提高患者心理健康水平。 相似文献
99.
目的探讨失眠症患者的睡眠行为、应对方式及其心理干预的效果。方法采用睡眠行为特征量表、应对方式问卷对72例失眠症患者(干预组)和72例睡眠正常者(对照组)进行测评.干预组实施心理干预。结果干预组干预前睡眠的不合理信念、非功能性睡眠行为和夜间焦虑以及自责的评分均明显高于对照组(均P〈0.01).而睡眠效率以及解决问题的评分明显低于对照组(P〈0.01);经过8周的心理干预后.失眠症患者睡眠的不合理信念、非功能性睡眠行为和夜间焦虑以及解决问题、自责因子分与入组时相比.差异有显著性意义(P〈0.01,P〈0.05)。结论失眠症患者存在睡眠的不合理信念、非功能性睡眠行为和夜间焦虑.解决问题能力低.心理干预能有效改善患者的睡眠行为和应对方式。 相似文献
100.
OBJECTIVE: To develop and test a measure for assessing peer support for men attending prostate cancer support groups, and to describe socio-demographic, medical and adjustment characteristics of Australian men who attend these support groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 1224 men (51% response) from 44 prostate-cancer support groups across Australia were recruited by mail. Men completed self-report measures that included the Prostate Cancer Peer Support Inventory (PCSI), the UCLA Prostate Cancer Index bother scales, psychological distress, quality of life (QoL), bother from pain and tiredness, perception of the clinician's support for group participation. Group-level variables were also included in the analyses. RESULTS: Peer support was rated positively by most men; a high satisfaction with support groups was related to better QoL, lower pain, younger age, higher perceived clinician support for group participation, use of alternative therapies, lower education, and regular attendance; dissatisfaction with support groups was related to higher psychological distress, lower QoL, and lower perceived clinician support for group participation. Group variables did not predict positive or negative support. Overall QoL was similar to community norms and psychological distress was low, with only 8% of men reporting high distress. The most common physical symptom was sexual bother, with 74% of men reporting moderate or high bother. CONCLUSIONS: The PCSI was a useful measure of peer support. Perception of the benefits of peer support was related to individual but not group differences. The clinicians' attitudes to participation in support groups influenced the men's experience of these groups, and this finding has implications for developing support services for these men. 相似文献