Salivary alpha‐amylase during pregnancy: Diurnal course and associations with obstetric history,maternal demographics,and mood

Diurnal patterns of salivary alpha amylase (sAA) in pregnant women have not previously been described. The current study employed ecological momentary assessment to examine the association between the diurnal sAA, obstetric history, maternal demographics, and mood during pregnancy. Saliva was self‐collected by 83 pregnant women (89% White, age 25.3–43.0 years; mean gestational age 21.9 weeks, range 6–37 weeks; gravida 1–6) at home over three days. Results indicated that current pregnancy (gestational age and fetal sex) and maternal demographics were not related to diurnal sAA. In contrast, a history of previous miscarriage (Parameter = ?.17; SE = .05; p < .05) was associated with an atypical diurnal pattern. Even after accounting for obstetric history, trait anxiety (Parameter = .16; SE = .04; p < .001) was associated with increased sAA over the day while chronic levels of fatigue (Parameter = ?.06; SE = .03; p < .05) were associated with decreased sAA. In a separate model, we also tested the time varying covariation of sAA and mood. The effects of momentary mood were in contrast to those for trait mood. Both momentary depression (Parameter = .22; SE = .09; p < .01) and vigour/positive mood (Parameter = .12; SE = .04; p < .001) were associated with momentary increases in sAA while momentary anxiety and fatigue were not related to sAA. The findings suggest that basal sAA during pregnancy is sensitive to emotional arousal. Evaluating diurnal patterns of sAA holds promise for advancing understanding of how emotional arousal during pregnancy may affect fetal development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 156–167, 2013     

急诊心理护理对急诊患者护理效果的影响分析

目的:评析急诊患者应用心理护理对于提升护理效果的作用.方法:选取我院2019年2月至2020年2月接诊的急诊患者98例,使用抽签法分为对照组(方法:常规护理)和观察组(方法:急诊心理护理),每组各49例,对比两组急诊患者的整体护理效果.结果:观察组收缩压(125.36±11.52)mmHg、舒张压(82.54±4.64...     

渐进式护理对胸外科肿瘤化疗患者心理状况及生活质量的改善作用

目的 探讨渐进式护理对胸外科肿瘤化疗患者心理状况及生活质量的改善作用.方法 选择我院胸外科2019年2月至2020年2月收治的86例肿瘤患者为研究对象,所有患者均接受手术后化疗治疗,将其随机分为对照组和试验组,各43例.对照组实施常规护理,试验组在此基础上实施渐进式护理.比较两组的心理状况及生活质量.结果出院2个月时,...     

手术室心理护理对手术患者精神状态的影响

目的探讨手术室心理护理对手术患者焦虑、抑郁状态及护理满意度的影响。方法以医院2017年1月—2019年4月在医院接受手术治疗的1200例患者展开研究,随机将其划分为研究组(n=600)与对照组(n=600),分别接受常规基础上的心理护理以及单纯常规护理,对比分析患者抑郁、焦虑评分、护理满意度。结果治疗后,与对照组比,观察组抑郁、焦虑评分均更低;且研究组(97.0%)患者护理满意度高于对照组(83.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理护理干预对于手术患者精神干预结果比较好,不仅可以改善患者的抑郁、焦虑情况,也能提升其护理满意度。     

The interactive effect of subjective age and subjective distance-to-death on psychological distress of older adults

Objectives: Subjective age refers to how young or old people experience themselves to be, while subjective distance-to-death reflects how far or close they experience themselves to be from their death. The present study examined whether subjective age and subjective distance-to-death interact in predicting psychological distress.

Method: A sample of 1073 community-dwelling older adults at the age range of 50–86 (M = 58.1, SD = 5.3) evaluated their subjective age, subjective distance-to-death, psychological distress, and rated several measures of physical health.

Results: After controlling for background characteristics and physical health indices, perceiving death as far and reporting younger subjective age predicted lower psychological distress. The combination of feeling close to death and older subjective age was related to the highest ratings of psychological distress. Moreover, the effect of subjective distance-to-death on psychological distress was mitigated by younger subjective age.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of an integrative view of two time perspectives – one that focuses on time since birth and another that concerns time left till death – to psychological distress of older adults.     

深部脑刺激戒断阿片类药物精神依赖1例临床报道(附3个月随访结果)

目的在立体定向射频毁损手术的研究基础上,进行了1例深部脑刺激(deep brain stimulation,DBS)戒断阿片类药物精神依赖手术,探讨一种既能起到有效治疗作用,而又减少副损伤的外科治疗方法。方法药物依赖患者,男性,24岁,吸食海洛因等多种毒品成瘾5年,反复戒毒5次无效。在阿片脱毒术脱毒后,行双侧伏隔核DBS电极植入术,立体定向MRI定位,植入Medtronic 3387刺激电极及脉冲发生器。术后定期进行疗效随访,以及副作用、心理学量表和症状量表等评估。结果患者术后即停止吸毒,通过3个月的临床观察,至今无复吸现象。临床证实该方法较射频毁损方法微刨、副反应小,心理学量表(WMS、WEIS-RC和MMPI)评估未发现有记忆、智力和人格等方面影响。术后患者饮食较术前明显好转,体重增加,吸烟量明显减少;症状自评量表(SCL90、SAS和SDS)评估提示多因素均有明显改善。结论应用DBS外科方法戒断阿片类药物精神依赖,取得短期满意疗效。     

Chronic Social Stress in the Community and Associations with Psychological Distress: A Social Psychological Perspective

Chronic social stress is strongly related to psychological distress in vulnerable groups such as the frail elderly and ill people. Little, however, is known about these phenomena in the general population. The validity and reliability of a new brief measure, the Bergen Social Relationships Scale (BSRS), were investigated in a Norwegian county; the prevalence of chronic social stress was measured using the BSRS, and the associations of chronic social stress and social support with three measures of psychological distress were investigated. Respondents with high BSRS scores had experienced longstanding, important interpersonal relationship problems rather than fleeting stressful incidents. Women reported higher levels of chronic social stress, 60% reporting positively on at least one of the six BSRS items, compared with 50% among men. Social support was negatively and significantly associated with various measures of psychological distress. Chronic social stress was positively and significantly associated with psychological distress. These effects were independent of one another. No buffering effect of social support on social stress was observed. The present data support the importance of positive social ties to health, but suggest that social stress is an independent aspect of social environment with regard to health. If social support and social stress have direct and independent effects on mental health, as the present results indicate, intervention on the one will not necessarily modify the other. Intervention programmes may need to consider explicitly both the lighter and the darker sides of social relationships in building environments that support mental health.     

Empowerment versus power: consumer participation in mental health services

Consumer participation is regarded as increasingly important in the effective delivery of mental health services and for the empowerment of mental health consumers. In a qualitative study, 17 consumers and 10 occupational therapists discussed their perceptions of consumer participation in mental health services. These included the advantages and benefits of consumer participation, the barriers to participation and how health workers can facilitate participation. The research brought to light an uncertain relationship between empowerment and power. While empowerment was universally considered to be desirable, opinions about the transfer of power were more ambivalent. It is argued that consumers and health workers need to work together to find creative ways of addressing concerns relating to power so that real power can be shared to benefit all consumers. Limitations of the study included the small sample size and the sampling method, which restricted access to potential participants. Further research is suggested into consumer participation and consumer power. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.     

武警官兵《心理辅导需要问卷》的编制与信效度检验

目的编制适用于武警官兵的心理辅导需要问卷。方法通过开放式问卷和访谈收集初始问卷题目,采用探索性和验证性因素分析对问卷进行检验。结果武警官兵心理辅导需要包含4个维度共25个条目,维度的单因素模型拟合指数良好,内部一致性系数为0．92,4个因子的内部一致性系数在0．71～0．92。结论问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为武警官兵心理辅导需要分析的工具。