新生儿应激性溃疡出血38例临床分析

目的 :探讨新生儿应激性溃疡出血病儿的防治措施。方法 :综合治疗原发病 ,纠正缺氧、酸中毒、抗感染等 ,静滴止血敏、甲氰咪胍止血 ,效果欠佳者加用云南白药鼻饲。结果 :治疗 3 8例 ,治愈率 86.84% ,病死率 10 .5 4% ,死因为多脏器功能衰竭和DIC。结论 :止血敏、甲氰咪胍合用止血效果好 ,加用云南白药可用于防治应激性溃疡出血。     

老年性痴呆危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的 :探讨老年性痴呆的危险因素 ,为制订防范对策提供依据。方法 :抽样调查南京市 15 8名老年人健康状况及其影响因素 ,填写自我健康评估表、心理创伤量表、精神健康量表、幸福度量表、生活照料情况表、无望量表、老年性痴呆筛查量表等。资料用EPI和SAS系统作一元与多元分析。结果 :一元分析结果显示 ,年龄、性别、职业、婚姻、教育、中风史6个因子与老年性痴呆发生率均有密切关系 ;多元分析结果显示 ,年龄越高 ,老年性痴呆发生率越高 ,女性发生率高于男性 ,体力劳动者发生率高于脑力劳动者。结论 :老年性痴呆与社会心理因素有一定关系     

维生素E和二甲亚砜对油酸型ARDS防治作用的研究

目的 研究氧化性肺损伤在成人呼吸窘迫综合征（ＡＲＤＳ）发病中的作用及维生素Ｅ和二甲亚砜的抗氧化保护作用。方法 将２８只大鼠随机分成４组：油酸组,ＶＥ组,ＤＭＳＯ组,正常对照组。油酸于尾静脉注入,维生素Ｅ和二甲亚砜由腹腔注射。注油酸后２ｈ观察肺系数,肺组织ＭＤＡ含量,ＰａＯ２及肺组织病理改变。结果 ＶＥ组和ＤＭＳＯ组较油酸组肺系数,ＭＤＡ含量降低,ＰａＯ２同,肺组织病理改变明显减轻。     

Symptoms in children of British and of Bangladeshi parents measured by the Rutter B2 questionnaire

Objectives. Bangladeshi children are less frequently referred to a child psychiatric clinic than their British peers. This study aimed to ascertain if teachers observed less psychological symptoms in Bangladeshi than British children.

Method. Teachers completed a Rutter B2 Scale on samples of 113 ‘Bangladeshi’ and 61 British children aged between 5 and 11 years.

Results. Teachers recognised less symptomatology in the Asian children than their British peers. This trend was significant in children under the age of 8, but there was no significant difference in those aged 8–11 years. Only 13% of Bangladeshi children were fully fluent in English.

Conclusions. Two alternate hypotheses are put forward to explain these findings: (a) because more of the younger children could not speak English and communicate freely with their teachers, their symptoms were not noted by teachers; (b) the symptoms of the older children were a response to the pressures both the children and families faced as new immigrants. This study clearly needs to be replicated with a larger sample and also with interviews with both children and parents in order to validate the Rutter B2 questionnaires as an appropriate measure of disturbance in Bangladeshi children. It should be replicated with validated assessments of the children's fluency in English. It is also important to discuss with Bangladeshi parents what support they would like from both the school and from child psychiatric services, to promote their children's psychological health.     

Intracerebral haemorrhages in surfactant treated neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome: age at diagnosis,severity and risk factors

Within a randomized European multicentre trial the time of onset, severity and progression of intracerebral haemorrhages (ICH) were investigated prospectively by serial cranial ultrasonography in 343 ventilated infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) following instillation of single or multiple doses of a natural porcine surfactant (Curosurf). In 148/343 infants (43%) ICH was diagnosed (grade I or II: 22%, grade III or IV: 21%). In 26 cases (8%) ICH was present on the ultrasound scan prior to surfactant instillation at a median age of 6h. Incidence and severity of ICH was similar after single- or multiple-dose surfactant treatment. Using a logistic regression model the following risk factors predictive of ICH were defined: low birth weight, allocation to certain hospitals, vaginal delivery, Apgar score6, rectal temperature on admission 36°C, primary anaemia, acidosis prior to treatment, RDS grade IV in pre-treatment chest films and poor response to surfactant treatmentOur study provides supportive evidence that multiple doses of Curosurf do not increase the risk for ICH as compared to single-dose administration.A preliminary report of this work was presented at 8th International Workshop on Surfactant Replacement, Oslo, Norway, May 21 1993. The study was supported by grants of the German government (BMFT 93 607 27) and the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft He 2072: 1–2). The surfactant used in the trial was prepared ang tested in Stockholm with the skilful technical assistance of Elin Arvesen, Bim Linderholm. Eva Lundberg, Gunhild Nilsson and Petru Popa (supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council (Project No. 3351) and Oscar II:s Jubileumsfond)Dedicated to the memory of Edgar (Eddi) Laufkötter, one of the most active trial collaborators, who died under tragic circumstances on April 10, 1994.     

舰艇环境对舰员心理功能和神经行为的影响

探讨封闭型舰艇环境对舰员心理功能和神经行为的影响。方法 采用微机化神经行为评价系统和症状自评量表对封闭型水面舰艇舰员进行了测试,并以开放型水面舰艇舰员为对照。结果 封闭型舰艇人员符号译码成绩明显低于开放型舰艇人员,并出现类似“空调病”的症状。结论封闭型舰艇环境能危害舰员的心理健康,负离子浓度低为重要的环境因素,应改进通风。     

列车乘务员SCL—90评定结果分析

采用ＳＣＬ—９０症状自评量表对某铁路分局４６７名列车乘务员的心理卫生状况进行了分析。结果显示总均分、阳性症状均分、阳性项目数、九组症候群因子分、达到或超过中等严重程度的发生频数均显著高于对照组。经多元逐步回归分析,仅细菌总数和二氧化碳对列车乘务员心理卫生状况有一定影响,其原因多与工作环境的不良因素和工作性质有关。     

小潮气量通气在急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用

应用小潮气量通气致容许性高碳酸血症方法对11例急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）进行临床观察。设定潮气量为6．4±1．1ml／kg,保持动脉血二氧化碳（PaCQ2）为5．97±1．41kPa,血氧分压8．54±3．19kPa。结果7例存活,未发现气压伤。说明小潮气量通气致一定程度高碳酸血症是临床上值得推荐使用的方法。     

心血管疾病介入诊治术患者心理状态调查分析

对８６２例心血管疾病介入诊治术患者术前分别采用心理护理（ｎ＝４３１）和非心理护理（ｎ＝４３１）前后比较心理状态差别观察。结果显示：手术前所有患者均有严重焦虑心理,经采用心理宣教、心理护理后,患者焦虑程度大大降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）,处于接受手术的最佳心理状态,保证手术顺利进行,并减少了术前、中、后并发症的发生。而未行心理宣教及心理护理的患者的焦虑程度几乎没有变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）,有的甚至提高。通过对照观察、心理宣教及心理护理的有效实施,对消除患者的焦虑、恐惧心理有较满意的效果,并能达到仅靠操作技术难以获得的效果,起到良好的助手作用。