细辛脑注射液对支气管哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响

目的观察细辛脑对支气管哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响。方法共选取60例支气管哮喘患儿,随机分成2组,治疗组予细辛脑注射液0.5 mg/kg,用10%葡萄糖注射液稀释成0.01%的溶液,静脉滴注,2次/d;对照组用氨茶碱针4~6 mg/kg加入5%葡萄糖注射液100 mL静脉滴注,1次/d,两组均用7 d为1个疗程,共观察2个疗程。结果治疗2周后,两组嗜酸性粒细胞与巨噬细胞治疗前后比较均有明显差异(P均<0.05),同时治疗组的淋巴细胞、CD4 T细胞与治疗前比较均有明显差异(P均<0.05),两组嗜酸性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、CD4 T细胞比较也均有明显差异(P均<0.05)。治疗后两组肺功能均比治疗前明显改善(P均<0.05),治疗组的肺功能I、L-5与对照组有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论细辛脑注射液对哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响优于氨茶碱组。     

Liquid Guayule Natural Rubber,a Sustainable Processing Aid,Enhances the Processability,Durability and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Rubber Composites

Petroleum-based oils are widely used as processing aids in rubber composites to improve processability but can adversely affect rubber composite performance and increase carbon footprint. In this research, liquid guayule natural rubber (LGNR), produced from guayule natural rubber, was used as a renewable processing aid to replace naphthenic oil (NO) in Hevea natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and guayule natural rubber (GNR) composites. The rheological properties, thermal stability, glass transition temperature, dynamic mechanical properties, aging, and ozone resistance of rubber composites with and without NO or LGNR were compared. Natural and synthetic rubber composites made with LGNR had similar processability to those made with NO, but had improved thermal stability, mechanical properties after aging, and ozone resistance. This was due to the strong LGNR–filler interaction and additional crosslinks formed between LGNR and the rubber matrices. The glass transition temperature of SBR composites was reduced by LGNR because of its increased molecular mobility. Thus, unlike NO, LGNR processing aid can simultaneously improve rubber composite durability, dynamic performance and renewability. The commercialization of LGNR has the potential to open a new sustainable processing-aid market.     

院前急救1241次分析

目的:探讨综合性医院院前急救面临的问题和对策。方法:统计分析本科2006年7月1日至2007年6月30日院前急救次数以及空车率、呼救原因、现场施救措施以及复苏成功率、备车时间、路程耗时、呼叫-施救间期、院前急救收入和欠费情况。结果:院前急救出诊任务1241次,实际急救1023人,空车返回125次,空车率为10.07%;呼救原因前三位是创伤、心脑血管急症、急性中毒,占实际的71.85%;其中仅需转运服务占22.09%(226例);现场心肺复苏61例,成功5例,成功率仅为8.20%;平均呼叫-施救间期11.2±4.3min;有12.65%的院前急救任务无法收到应得费用约占应得收入的5%。结论:区分一般帮助和紧急医疗救护有利于合理使用现有急诊医疗资源,大力普及急救知识和技能是提高心肺复苏效果和抢救成功率的根本途径,进一步探索和完善急诊医疗补偿机制对提高院前急救质量和促进急诊医学发展有重要意义。     

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutritional ergogenic aids (NEAs) are substances included within the group of sports supplements. Although they are widely consumed by athletes, evidence-based analysis is required to support training outcomes or competitive performance in specific disciplines. Combat sports have a predominant use of anaerobic metabolism as a source of energy, reaching peak exertion or sustained effort for very short periods of time. In this context, the use of certain NEAs could help athletes to improve their performance in those specific combat skills (i.e., the number of attacks, throws and hits; jump height; and grip strength, among others) as well as in general physical aspects (time to exhaustion [TTE], power, fatigue perception, heart rate, use of anaerobic metabolism, etc.). Medline/PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO were searched from their inception to May 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Out of 677 articles found, 55 met the predefined inclusion criteria. Among all the studied NEAs, caffeine (5–10 mg/kg) showed strong evidence for its use in combat sports to enhance the use of glycolytic pathways for energy production during high-intensity actions due to a greater production of and tolerance to blood lactate levels. In this regard, abilities including the number of attacks, reaction time, handgrip strength, power and TTE, among others, were improved. Buffering supplements such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and beta-alanine may have a promising role in high and intermittent exertion during combat, but more studies are needed in grappling combat sports to confirm their efficacy during sustained isometric exertion. Other NEAs, including creatine, beetroot juice or glycerol, need further investigation to strengthen the evidence for performance enhancement in combat sports. Caffeine is the only NEA that has shown strong evidence for performance enhancement in combat sports.     

对公众开展院前急救知识教育的探讨

目的使公众掌握院前急救基本知识,发挥“第一目击者”作用。方法采用在日常急救中宣教,开设院前急救知识讲座,举办院前急救知识培训班,跟新闻媒体合作,举办急救栏目等方式,因人施教。结果93％学员认为接受院前急救教育对他们今后一旦发生的灾害和危重病现场有帮助,培训考核的学员一次通过者占90％,未通过者经强化训练补考后全部通过。结论对公众进行院前急救教育十分必要且可行,方式具有多样性,培训内容设置上重点应该是通气、止血、包扎、固定和搬运,以及心肺复苏术。重视跟政府各部门的合作,借助行政干预手段,是普及公众急救知识的一个好方法。     

泰州市乡村医生现场急救知识和技能掌握现状分析

目的了解泰州市乡村医生现场急救知识和技能掌握现状,为政府在农村建立急救网络提供依据。方法采取随机抽样,以问卷形式对泰州市1 120名乡村医生进行调查。结果 1 120名调查对象中,男655名,女465名;年龄27～64岁。仅21.2%掌握第一目击者的含义,18.8%掌握黄金4分钟,29.6%掌握心肺复苏原理,39.1%掌握心搏、呼吸骤停的判断。心肺复苏及止血、包扎、搬运、骨折固定四大技术掌握率分别为41.2%及41.0%、41.2%、41.0%、39.4%。近5年内未参加急救知识培训者118名(10.5%),既往培训≥2次者727名(64.9%),参加急救知识培训的时间≥1周者731名(65.2%),愿意再参加急救培训者992名(82.4%)。最想学的急救项目前5项分别为:心肺复苏、固定术、搬运术、包扎术、内科急症的急救。结论乡村医生需要急救理论和技能的培训,急救培训的重点是急救素质的提高、急救技能的规范和急救知识的更新。     

医院建筑应急功能的建设实践

对于区域性、地区性的大型急救中心建设是非常必要的。此类急救中心在应对突发公共急救事件时因能够起到中流砥柱的作用,急救效果往往事半功倍,因而各级政府应给予重视与扶持。     

参与社会院前急救 提高应急保障能力

本文通过5年参与地方“120”院前急救的回顾分析,认为在新的医疗形势下及军事变革的新时期,部队医院参与地方院前急救,能充分发挥军队医院的急救设备优良、组织纪律性强、高机动性能及指挥系统灵的优势。充分利用院前急救这个实践平台,提高平时的应急急救水平,促进急诊科的建设与发展;从而在未来战争中,增强应急保障能力,更好地为部队广大伤病员服务,提高部队战斗力。     

卫生援外人力资源开发合作:现状、问题与策略

卫生人力资源开发合作是我国卫生援外工作的重要组成部分。本文通过文献研究、知情人访谈和现场调查,对卫生人力资源开发合作的管理机制、主要形式及特点进行系统梳理,发现:短期来华培训是目前卫生人力资源开发合作的主要形式,但对能力提高效果有限;学位学历教育比重尚小,但将成为精英人才培养的重要渠道;援外医疗队带教培训与技术合作的作用日益凸显;"走出去"培训模式投入小、周期短,但社会影响力大。存在的主要问题有:缺少战略性合作规划,需求契合度、与其他援外形式的结合度有待提高,评估体系不完善等。通过对欠发达国家卫生人力现状及对卫生人才培养的需求分析,建议制定卫生人力资源开发合作规划,促进卫生人才培养与其他援助形式的有机结合,完善监督评价制度,促进中国医学学位学历及培训项目获得当地认可,加强对发展中国家医学教育机构的援助,以增强发展中国家发展的"造血"机能,实现"共同发展"。     

OSCE考核模本在护生急救技能评价体系中的应用

目的评估在护理学生急救护理技能考核评价中引入OSCE模本的应用效果。方法选取2020年10月—2021年10月期间在本院急诊科轮转的98名实习护生为研究对象,在急救考核中应用OSCE模本,通过四个考站的考核,考核和评价护生在各考站的急救技能和综合能力、急诊常见疾病的预检分诊、护生急诊急救临床能力、转运过程及突发事件的应对,并让护生在参加考核后完成问卷调查。结果 OSCE考核成绩(73.36±6.57)分,考试成绩总体上基本服从正态分布,校标关联效度系数(r=0.66,P <0.05),难度系数为0.70,区分度为0.56,护生对OSCE考核模本在护生急救技能评价体系中的应用认可度和满意度分别为84.21%和78.95%。结论可在原有的基础上进一步完善OSCE考核模式,使其更基础更广泛地应用于护生教学和考核中应用中。