基于IMB模型的初产妇及配偶双主体母乳喂养健康教育

目的 探讨基于信息—动机—行为技巧模型(IMB模型)的初产妇及配偶双主体线上孕妇学校课程母乳喂养健康教育的实施效果.方法 便利选取行剖宫产术的初产妇及配偶为研究对象,随机分为两组,入住产科A区(n=63)为对照组,按常规以初产妇为主体实施母乳喂养健康教育;入住产科B区(n=64)为观察组,实施基于IMB模型的初产妇及配偶双主体线上孕妇学校课程的母乳喂养健康教育管理.比较干预前后两组父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能、初产妇母乳喂养自我效能和产后6周内纯母乳喂养率.结果 干预后观察组父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能、初产妇母乳喂养自我效能评分和产后6周内纯母乳喂养率显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 基于IMB模型的初产妇及配偶双主体线上孕妇学校课程的健康教育可发挥初产妇配偶支持母乳喂养的积极作用,提高初产妇母乳喂养自我效能和产后纯母乳喂养率.     

Current status and solutions for gender equity in anaesthesia research

Despite increasing numbers of women entering anaesthesia, they remain persistently under-represented within academic anaesthesia and research. Gender discordance is seen across multiple aspects of research, including authorship, editorship, peer review, grant receipt, speaking and leading. Women are also under-represented at higher faculty ranks and in department chair positions. These inequities are further magnified for women with intersectional identities, such as those who identify as Black, indigenous and women of colour. Several barriers to participation in research have been identified to date, including a disproportionate amount of family responsibilities, a disproportionate burden of clinical service, gender bias, sexual harassment and the gender pay gap. Several strategies to improve gender equity have been proposed. Increasing access to formal mentorship of women in academic medicine is frequently cited and has been used by healthcare institutions and medical societies. Senior faculty and leaders must also be conscious of including women in sponsorship and networking opportunities. Institutions should provide support for parents of all genders, including supportive parental leave policies and flexible work models. Women should also be materially supported to attend formal educational conferences targeted for women, aimed at improving networking, peer support and professional development. Finally, leaders must display a clear intolerance for sexual harassment and discrimination to drive culture change. Peers and leaders alike, of all genders, can act as upstanders and speak up on behalf of targets of discrimination, both in the moment or after the fact. Gender inequities have persisted for far too long and can no longer be ignored. Diversifying the anaesthesia research community is essential to the future of the field.     

年轻女性乳腺癌外科治疗焦点问题及对策

年轻乳腺癌病人预后较差,与侵袭性生物学特征密切相关,是临床治疗的一大难点。年轻女性乳腺癌病人的外科手术抉择需要综合权衡肿瘤生物学特征、病人的自身需求、社会家庭支持因素等各个方面。对于早期肿瘤应当积极开展保乳手术,对于临床分期较晚的肿瘤,建议参照分子分型积极开展新辅助治疗,或者实施合适的乳房重建技术。临床医师应当为病人提供更加充分的信息与高级别的循证医学证据,鼓励病人积极参与外科手术决策的制定。     

VIBE-Dixon序列骨髓脂肪定量与骨密度在女性骨质疏松症评价的研究

目的 探讨扫描层厚、翻转角对VIBE-Dixon序列测量腰椎骨髓脂肪分数的影响,探讨脂肪分数与骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)的相关性,确定其与年龄、体质量指数（body mass index, BMI)、绝经、运动的关系。方法 选取116名符合纳入标准的志愿者,行腰椎MRI VIBE-Dixon扫描和DXA扫描。测量L1~4椎体骨髓的脂肪分数和骨密度。用组内相关性评估测量可重复性。采用Pearson线性相关分析评价2 mm与4 mm层厚的测量结果。采用Pearson线性相关分析评价5°、10°、15°翻转角得到的腰椎脂肪分数与骨密度的相关性。对年龄分组、BMI分组、运动情况分组均采用单因素方差分析,对绝经组与非绝经组采用t检验。结果 经两名技术专家测量的组内相关系数ICC=0.983。不同层厚结果之间存在明显相关性[r=0.981 (5°),0.969 (10°),0.972 (15°);P均﹤0.05]。不同翻转角、不同层厚结果与骨密度之间存在中度相关性[r=0.702 (2 mm-5°),0.732 (2 mm-10°),0.703(2 mm-15°),0.697(4 mm-5°),0.700(4 mm-10°), 0.714(4 mm-15°); P均﹤0.05]。腰椎椎体脂肪分数随年龄增加呈上升趋势,不同年龄组间差异有统计学差异[F=31.87(2 mm-5°), 28.41(2 mm-10°), 28.69 (2 mm-15°), 34.11(4 mm-5°), 34.05(4 mm-10°), 32.82(4 mm-15°); P﹤0.05]。腰椎椎体脂肪分数随BMI增加呈上升趋势;绝经女性FF值明显高于非绝经女性;运动强度对FF值没有影响。结论 VIBE-Dixon测量腰椎椎体脂肪分数具有可重复性;层厚和翻转角对评估影响较小;腰椎椎体脂肪分数能较好反映骨质量,并与腰椎骨密度呈负相关。     

Breast cancer in young women: Imaging and clinical course

The purpose of this study was to characterize presenting imaging findings in women younger than 40 diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the context of pathology and clinical course. Retrospective chart and imaging reviews were performed in patients under 40 diagnosed with breast cancer between July 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013. Patient demographic, imaging, pathology, and clinical data were collected. Overall and recurrence-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed to identify factors associated with recurrence-free survival. Our study cohort consisted of 110 patients with invasive mammary carcinoma. One hundred one (91.8%) presented with a palpable mass. The mean size of all lesions on imaging was 3.5 cm ± 2.9 cm. Malignant calcifications were present in 54 (49.1%) cases. Imaging demonstrated multifocal or multicentric disease in 45 (40.9%) cases. Seventy four (67.3%) cancers were high grade. Luminal genomic subtypes were the most common (n = 61, 55.5%). At presentation, 4 (3.6%) patients had bilateral malignancy and 8 (7.3%) patients had distant metastatic disease. Ninety seven (88.2%) underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 67 (60.9%) underwent radiation therapy. Seventy five (68.2%) of the patients underwent mastectomy. The restricted mean time to recurrence was 9.01 years (standard error 3.162 months). ER positivity was associated with compromised recurrence-free survival. The overall survival rate was 0.962 at 10 years. Young patients diagnosed with breast cancer typically present with advanced breast imaging findings and undergo aggressive treatment. Recurrence often occurs >5 years from diagnosis, and ER positive subtypes are at increased risk for recurrence.     

Exposure to psychosocial work strain and changes in smoking behavior during pregnancy – a longitudinal study within the Danish National Birth Cohort

Objective:Knowledge of the relationship between psychosocial strain in the work environment and smoking during pregnancy is scarce. This study aimed to examine the association between psychosocial job strain and change in smoking behavior during pregnancy.Methods:The cohort included 65 645 pregnancies from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002), where pregnant women were interviewed on job factors and lifestyle during the first and third trimesters. Smoking was categorized into non-, non-daily, and daily smoking at each interview. Psychosocial job strain was categorized into four groups based on the concept of Karasek’s demand–control model: low strain (reference), passive, active and high strain. Associations between psychosocial strain and change in smoking status between the first and second interviews were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression, separately for each smoking category at first interview.Results:Non-smoking women exposed to high strain work were more likely to become daily smokers [adjusted odds ratio (OR_adj) 1.41, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.83)] compared to non-smoking women exposed to low strain work. Non-smoking women exposed to passive work were more likely to become both non-daily and daily smokers [OR_adj 1.59 (95% CI 1.21–2.08) and OR_adj 1.32 (95% CI 1.03–1.70), respectively]. Daily smoking women exposed to high strain work were less likely to decrease their smoking [OR_adj 0.57 (95% CI 0.32–0.99)] compared to daily smoking women exposed to low strain work.Conclusions:Psychosocial strain influenced the women’s smoking behavior during pregnancy, especially in job types with low control.     

2015--2019年南通市通州区适龄妇女宫颈癌及乳腺癌筛查结果分析

目的:了解南通市通州区适龄妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌筛查情况。方法:利用2015—2019年南通市通州区每年筛查年报结果进行描述流行病学分析。结果:2015—2019年宫颈癌筛查合计阳性病例14 681例,患病率达11.61%。其中癌前病变480例,癌前病变检出率为397.68/10万,宫颈癌确诊86例,宫颈癌检出率为68.03/10万。乳腺癌筛查合计阳性病例598例,患病率达0.47%。其中乳腺癌确诊63例,乳腺癌检出率为49.71/10万。HPV16、18阳性人群癌前病变患病率及宫颈癌确诊病例患病率高于HPV其他阳性人群,HPV其他阳性人群癌前病变患病率及宫颈癌确诊病例患病率高于HPV阴性人群,差异均有统计学意义。结论:宫颈癌、乳腺癌筛查,可以达到早诊断、早发现和早治疗的目的,HPV检测结果与宫颈癌癌前病变及宫颈癌病例确诊关系密切。     

孕妇社会资本量表的修订及信效度检验

目的 旨在翻译、修订孕妇社会资本评估量表（Social Capital Assessment Tool for in Pregnancy for Maternal Health, SCAT-MH）,并检验其信效度。方法 采用两阶段便利抽样的方法,样本1（n=253）主要用于修订中文版SCAT-MH量表;样本2（n=335）主要验证该量表的信效度。结果 中文版SCAT-MH主要包含4个维度16个条目,量表总的Cronbach ɑ为0.862,各个维度的信度系数在0.701~0.901之间,分半信度系数为0.819、0.760,重测信度系数为0.854;量表各个条目与总分（r=0.484~0.776,PSymbol|@@0.01）、维度与总分均呈中高度相关（r=0.575~0.807,PSymbol|@@0.01）,具有较好的内容效度;总量表及4个维度得分与效标工具均有相关性;验证性因子结果显示模型拟合度较好。结论 修订、汉化后的中文版SCAT-MH量表具有较好的信度、效度及区分度,适用于我国孕妇社会资本的评估。