The results of ingredient patch testing in contact dermatitis elicited by povidone-iodine preparations

10 cases of contact dermatitis which began during the application of povidone-iodine preparations were examined with patch tests using 2 kinds of povidone-iodine preparations and their ingredients, i.e., povidone-iodine, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether and glycerin, and also the components of povidone-iodine, i.e., iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone. All 10 cases reacted positively to the povidone-iodine preparations and povidone-iodine, 3 out of the 10 to polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 1 out of the 9 tested to iodine, while no positive response was found to glycerin or polyvinyl-pyrrolidone. It was difficult to distinguish between allergic responses from irritation, as responses to patches of povidone-iodine and its preparations usually include irritation at high frequencies. Based on comparison of results with a control group, however, those showing + or stronger reactions to 2% povidone-iodine at days 3 to 5 were considered to be allergic. Thus, 4 out of the 10 cases were considered as sensitization to povidone-iodine. Another 3 cases were found to be polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether sensitized, and another 1 iodine sensitized, while the patch test reactions of the other 2 were considered to have been elicited by irritation.     

不同口腔护理液在口腔癌术后患者护理中的效果比较

目的:比较0.5%聚维酮碘液与生理盐水溶液在口腔癌患者术后护理中的效果。方法:选取我院口腔科2010年6月~2013年10月住院治疗患者87例为研究对象,随机分为对照组42例和观察组45例。对照组采用生理盐水溶液口腔护理,观察组采用0.5%聚维酮碘液口腔护理。比较两组患者口腔护理效果及口臭、口腔真菌感染发生。结果:观察组患者护理后舒适度明显高于对照组;观察组口臭、口腔真菌感染发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:口腔癌术后患者口腔护理液宜首选0.5%聚维酮碘溶液,可抑制口腔细菌生长,提高口腔护理效果。     

Effect of the Hand Antiseptic Agents Benzalkonium Chloride,Povidone-Iodine,Ethanol, and Chlorhexidine Gluconate on Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice

Antiseptic agents can cause skin irritation and lead to severe problems, especially for individuals with atopic diatheses. We investigated the effect of 4 different antiseptic agents using an atopic dermatitis (AD) model mouse. NC/Nga mice were subcutaneously injected with mite allergen (Dp) to induce AD-like skin lesions (ADSLs), and an application of 0.2% (w/v) benzalkonium chloride (BZK), 10% (w/v) povidone-iodine (PVP-I), 80% (v/v) ethanol (Et-OH), or 0.5% (v/v) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was applied to the ear envelope. BZK induced a significant increase in the severity of the clinical score, infiltration of inflammatory cells, local expression of inflammatory cytokines in subcutaneous tissue, and total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E. PVP-I increased the clinical score, number of mast cells, and production of inflammatory cytokines, and total serum IgE. Et-OH increased the clinical score and number of inflammatory cells, but showed no effect on serum IgE levels. No differences in any parameters were observed between CHG and the vehicle. Collectively, the results suggest the severity of the ADSL was related in part to the strength of the immunoreaction. These findings suggest that CHG could offer the lowest risk of inducing ADSL in individuals with atopic dermatitis and that medical staff and food handlers with AD could benefit from its use.     

聚维酮碘纱布擦拭消毒法在更换腹膜透析外接短管中的应用

目的探讨将聚维酮碘纱布擦拭消毒法用于更换腹膜透析外接短管中的效果。方法 2014年1-3月便利选取第二军医大学长海医院腹膜透析中心更换腹膜透析外接短管的患者72例,采用随机数字表法分成常规组和研究组各36例,常规组采取传统浸泡消毒法更换短管,研究组采取聚维酮碘擦拭消毒法更换短管。比较两组更换短管所需的时间、成本、外接短管与钛接头连接处的表面菌落数,以及1周内腹膜透析相关并发症的发生情况。结果研究组和对照组更换短管的成本分别为4.37元/次和8.35元/次,耗费时间分别为(2.12±0.39)、(12.03±1.35)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组消毒后发生短管表面菌落生长者各1例,换管后1周内均无腹膜透析相关并发症发生。结论聚维酮碘纱布擦拭消毒法用于腹膜透析外接短管更换能够显著缩短更换时间、降低费用,是一种省时省力且安全的消毒方法。     

Vancomycin Povidone-Iodine Protocol Improves Survivorship of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Treated With Irrigation and Debridement

Background

Irrigation and debridement with modular component and liner exchange (IDLE) is a low morbidity procedure for treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) with reported failure rates exceeding 50%. Dilute povidone-iodine lavage has been shown to be safe and effective in decreasing acute PJI in primary total joint arthroplasty. Vancomycin powder has also shown to be effective in preventing infection in spine surgery. We hypothesize that a vancomycin povidone-iodine protocol (VIP) used in conjunction with IDLE can increase infection-free survivorship after acute PJI.

聚维酮碘液术中冲洗的效果及观察

我院外科2000年1月～2005年5月收治污染性手术725例,在手术中大部分采用聚维酮碘液冲洗腹腔与切口,部分采用常规生理盐水冲洗。笔者对两种冲洗方法的进行对比分析,现报告如下。临床资料随机调查本组污染性手术725例,其中用生理盐水冲洗的污染性手术220例;用聚维酮碘液冲洗的污染性手术505例。男性483例,女性242例;年龄6～90岁,平均34.3岁。其中胃肠穿孔并腹膜炎150例,阑尾切除术575例(其中化脓性穿孔阑尾炎并弥漫性腹膜炎215例)。冲洗液的配制按照聚维酮碘的用法说明,以5%的聚维酮碘原液加入生理盐水稀释成0.25%低浓度液。按需要量临时配制,…     

聚维酮碘消毒粉亚急性毒性实验研究

目的研究聚维酮碘消毒粉动物亚急性毒性,了解其应用的安全性。方法采用动物试验法和生化检验方法进行聚维酮碘亚急性毒性评价。结果在聚维酮碘给药观察期间,大鼠雄鼠高、中剂量组出现体重增长减慢,食物利用率降低等对生长发育的影响。试验动物血常规检验血红蛋白含量下降。试验动物各剂量组血清胆固醇和甘油三脂虽在正常波动范围,但血清胆固醇水平随剂量加大升高,甘油三酯水平有下降的趋势。高剂量组雌雄大鼠肾脏出现轻度肾小管变性等病理改变。结论聚维酮碘亚急性毒性试验表现出对动物有轻微毒性反应,此可能与过量碘摄入有关,提示聚维酮碘消毒剂不可长期大剂量使用和直接进入胃肠道。     

Effect of diluted povidone iodine in adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis on the rate of subepithelial corneal infiltrates

AIM: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, the management modalities, as well as the incidence of subepithelial corneal infiltrates (SEI). METHODS: Patients with characteristic clinical symptoms and signs, who presented to our clinic within the first week of symptoms and received the diagnosis of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis between January 2013 and April 2016, were included in the study. A total of 211 patients were included in the study. Patients were evaluated for the incidence of clinical signs, late complications, management preferences, and the effect of diluted povidone-iodine (d-PVP-I) 2%. RESULTS: Patients’ mean age was 33.03±14.76y. We observed an increase in the number of cases according to the years. At presentation and/or early follow-up, the clinical signs were conjunctival hyperemia (100%), conjunctival follicules (79.1%), edema of the eyelids (39.3%), chemosis (16.1%), pseudomembrane formation (16.6%), and corneal epitheliopathy (29.9%). During late follow-up 13.3% patients developed conjunctival subepithelial fibrosis, and 39.8% developed SEI. A significant decrease in the incidence of SEI development was observed in patients who used d-PVP-I 2% (P=0.032; 33.3% vs 45.9%, respectively in patients who received d-PVP-I 2% and who did not). CONCLUSION: Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis has a tremendous effect on patient’s comfort and abilities in short-term. Additionally, almost half of the patients develop visual problems related to SEI. According to our clinical experience, using d-PVP-I 2% in the first days of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis might be helpful in reducing the risk of SEI as a complication.     

Antiviral effect of mouthwashes against SARS-COV-2: A systematic review

ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the antiviral effect of mouthwashes against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Material and methodsAn electronic search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, and was complemented by a manual search. Both clinical and in vitro studies that focused on the antiviral effect of mouthwashes against SARS-CoV-2 were included. Risk of bias assessment was performed only on the clinical studies using the RoB-2 and ROBINS-I tools.ResultsA total of 907 records were found; after initial selection by title and abstract, 33 full-text articles were selected to be evaluated for eligibility. Finally, a total of 27 studies were included for the qualitative synthesis, including 16 in vitro studies and 11 clinical trials. Antiviral effects were evaluated separately for the in vitro and clinical studies. In vitro studies included mouthwashes containing hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone-iodine, essential oils, cetylpyridinium chloride, and other compounds; in vivo studies included mouthwashes containing hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, essential oils, chlorine dioxide, β-cyclodextrin-citrox, and sorbitol with xylitol. Povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, and essential oils were effective in vitro, while hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, β-cyclodextrin-citrox, and sorbitol with xylitol were effective in vivo. Unclear or high risk of bias was found for almost all clinical studies, and only one study presented with a low risk of bias. No further quantitative analysis was performed.ConclusionAlthough povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, and essential oils may be an alternative to reduce the viral load in vitro and in vivo, more studies are needed to determine the real antiviral effect of these different mouthwashes against SARS-CoV-2.This work was not funded. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (identification number: CRD42021236134).