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31.
Archie R. Tunturi 《Neurological research》2013,35(2):159-167
The postural adjustments were studied in 3 unoperated dogs and 2 dogs with transection of the right lateral column of the spinal cord at T-9 for (1) quiet stance and (2) during right hindlimb (RH) flexion for an auditory command signal. The displacements of the center of gravity were measured with 4 force plates on which the dogs stood. For both groups of dogs, the center of gravity was concentrated in a small area (2 cm on a side). During hindlimb flexion, the unoperated dogs either slowly flexed the RH limb, shifting the center of gravity to the left, or forcefully extended the RH limb first to shift the weight across the RF-LH limb couple. The operated dogs failed to flex the RH limb but shifted the center of gravity to the left and slowly adducted the limb until it slid from the force plate. It was concluded that the lesion of the lateral column did not affect the postural adjustment. 相似文献
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《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2014,42(5):531-535
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate head posture and the pharyngeal airway volume changes using 3D imaging after bimaxillary surgery in mandibular prognathism patients by null hypothesis.Materials and methodsCone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained for 25 mandibular prognathism patients before bimaxillary surgery (T1) and 6 months after surgery (T2). The head posture of each patient was assessed by measuring cranio-cervical angle on a midsagittal plane passing through the anterior nasal spine at T1 and T2. Additionally, the volume of each subject's pharyngeal airway was measured using InVivoDental 3D imaging software.ResultsThe cranio-cervical angle increased significantly 6 months after bimaxillary surgery (p < 0.01). The total volume of the pharyngeal airway slightly decreased (p > 0.05) at the same timepoints, while naso- and oro-pharyngeal airway volume decreased significantly (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). There was significant relationship between the changes of head posture and those of total airway volume (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe null hypothesis was rejected. Bimaxillary surgery resulted in significant head flexion and a slight decrease in total pharyngeal airway volume. 相似文献
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Angelica E. Lang 《Physical Therapy Reviews》2013,18(3-4):118-124
Background: Visual estimation is still widely used by physiotherapists in clinical practice. The accuracy and reliability of visual estimation are under question and vary with the joint being evaluated. The utility of using visual estimation to evaluate shoulder angular posture is inconclusive and has yet to be evaluated across a comprehensive range of planes and postures.Objective: The purpose of this observational, cross-sectional study was to determine whether visual estimation is an accurate and reliable procedure for determining shoulder angular postures in a range of shoulder motions.Methods: Sixty-three physical therapy students viewed digital photographs of an asymptomatic volunteer to visually estimate degrees of arm abduction, flexion, extension, internal rotation, and external rotation. Six photographs from each plane of movement were shown, at positions spanning the available range of motion, and participants were asked to estimate the angular posture. Estimates were averaged, and errors from computer measurements were calculated. Differences between estimates and measurements were determined with t-tests.Results: The overall accuracy of the visual estimates is considered poor to fair. Root mean square errors were reasonable, from 5° to 17°, but the 95% spread of the data reached a maximum of 53°. Estimates were most accurate at the abduction and flexion postures closest to 90°. Most estimates for extension were underestimated, while more internal rotation estimates were overestimated. Reliability ranged from poor to fair (0.12–0.63).Conclusions: Using visual estimation to evaluate shoulder planar postures results in a wide range of error. Physiotherapy students should be encouraged to use more objective measurement methods. 相似文献
36.
Afnan M. Alkhateeb Bonnie J. Forrester Noha S. Daher Bradford D. Martin Asma A. Alonazi 《Assistive technology : the official journal of RESNA》2017,29(4):210-216
People in wheelchairs spend a long time in the sitting position and often incur alignment problems resulting in neck and back pain. This study: (1) assessed the validity/reliability of Coach’s Eye (CE) smart device application, (2) examined the effect of seat to back support angle adjustments on head, neck, and shoulder posture in the sitting position, and (3) compared changes in cervical rotation at each back support angle. Abled subjects sat in a wheelchair with back support angles positioned at 90°, 100°, and 110°. CE, as well as ImageJ software, was used to analyze three angles: sagittal head angle (SHA), cervical angle (CVA), and shoulder angle (SA). There were highly significant differences for CVA and SA (p < 0.001) among the three seat to back support angles. Validity of CE was examined by correlating CE with ImageJ scores. CE had high validity for all angles (r = 0.99, 0.98, 0.99 respectively, p < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability for SHA, CVA, and SA was high (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ranged from 0.95 to 0.99). Head (CVA) and shoulder (SA) alignment was closest to neutral posture with back support angles set at 110° and 90°, respectively. 相似文献
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Roya Eshaghi Moghadam Leila Rahnama Noureddin Karimi Mohsen Amiri Mahsa Rahnama 《Journal of bodywork and movement therapies》2018,22(3):643-647
Background
As one of the most common work-related musculoskeletal disorders and postural deviations, forward head posture (FHP), is considered to lead to muscle imbalance.Objectives
The aim of this study is to investigate the bilateral cross-sectional area (CSA) of the deep neck flexor muscles at rest and during five stages of the craniocervical flexion (CCF) test in individuals with FHP and the controls with normal head posture.Methods
Eighteen students with FHP and 18 controls with normal head posture, all females aged 18–35 years, participated in this study. Participants were categorized into two groups based on their craniovertebral angle. The CSA of the deep neck flexors was measured using ultrasonography while participants lay supine on the table with a pressure biofeedback unit placed under their necks in order to let the examiner measure the CSA of the muscles during rest and five stages of the CCF test including 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 mmHg of the pressure biofeedback unit.Results
A significant effect of contraction level was observed in both groups, indicating significant increases of the CSA of the deep neck flexors during contraction (F = 64.37, P < 0.001). No significant difference was evident for the CSA of the deep neck flexors between the groups, although the increase in the CSA of the deep neck flexors was up to 28 mmHg in the normal head posture group compared to 26 mmHg in the FHP group.Conclusions
The results of the present study showed no significant difference between the performance of the deep neck flexors during the CCF test in FHP and normal head posture individuals, which challenge the common belief of the deep neck flexors weakness in individuals sustaining FHP. 相似文献39.
40.
Larry Cohen Evangelos Pappas Milena Simic Kathryn Refshauge Sarah Dennis 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2021,33(7):554
[Purpose] The sagittal shape of the spine is associated with back-pain, balance and quality of life. We developed, evaluated and report the responses of a graphical tool to assess sagittal spine shape knowledge (literacy). [Participants and Methods] Two hundred and fifty adults were randomly assigned, in a cross-sectional crossover study, to free-hand draw and select the “ideal” sagittal spine shape. We evaluated the inter and intra-rater reliability and agreement between tests and the sagittal and lordotic spine literacy between the drawing and selection test versions. [Results] Drawing test inter- and intra-rater agreement was 79% and 80% respectively. Drawing vs. selection agreement was 43%. More participants drew than selected the correct spine (30% vs. 21%) (p<0.001) and lumbar lordosis shape (56% vs. 42%) (p<0.001). Test order did not affect spine shape literacy scores. A significantly poorer literacy trend was observed with spine pain presence (p=0.02). [Conclusion] We developed a reliable method to evaluate spine shape literacy and established that only 21% and 42% of our sample demonstrated correct sagittal spine and lordotic spine shape literacy, respectively. The low literacy scores suggests that consideration of including spine shape literacy in health literacy and self-management programs may be warranted, especially in ageing populations. 相似文献