Anhedonia,positive affect dysregulation,and risk and maintenance of binge-eating disorder

Low positive affect has been identified as an antecedent of binge-eating episodes among individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED), yet positive affect has received far less attention in eating disorders research than its counterpart, negative affect. In this article, we argue that the low levels of positive affect which occur with anhedonia (i.e., loss of interest or pleasure in activities) may contribute to the onset and maintenance of BED. We introduce a theoretical model in which anhedonia increases the risk for BED through its interrelationships with dysregulated eating and weight gain, and we describe potential direct (e.g., reward-related processes) as well as indirect (e.g., influences on depressive symptoms and physical activity) pathways by which anhedonia may lead to adverse eating- and weight-related outcomes. We also propose a momentary maintenance model in which low positive affect and positive affect dysregulation occurring with anhedonia maintain binge eating directly and indirectly through maladaptive health behaviors, such as decreased physical activity, less healthy eating, and fewer social interactions, which in turn maintain anhedonia. We draw upon outside literature to present evidence that aligns with the proposed risk and maintenance models and conclude by outlining avenues for future research—including methodological/measurement, theoretical, and clinical research directions.     

老年认知功能缺损者二项必选数字记忆测验结果分析

目的：探讨认知功能缺损程度对二项必选数字记忆测验(简称二项测验)成绩的影响。方法：用简易智力状态量表和韦氏成人智力量表简式调查出38例认知功能缺损者(研究组)和19例无认知功能缺损者(对照组)，同时实施二项数字测验。结果：(1)研究组与对照组二项测验容易条目、困难条目、总分的得分差异均无显著性。(2)智商70-89者困难条目分及总分显著高于智商50-69及34-49者；各组间容易条目分的差异均无显著性。(3)二项测验的假阳性率随着认知功能缺损的加重而有增加趋势。结论：二项测验成绩在一定程度上受认知功能缺损的影响，尤其是严重认知功能减退者，应注意假阳性率的问题。     

Therapeutic effects of radio frequency ablation in lung tumor treatment

Radiofrequencyablation(RFA)isarecentlyde-velopedsystemthatprovidesanewapproachforthetreatmentofpatientswithunresectablemalignanttu-mor.Aninsulatedneedleelectrodethatcontains10fineneedleswithinentersthetumortissueunderCTguidanceandthe10fineneedlesstretchasanumbrel-lacoveringanareaapproximately3.5cmindiameter,beforearadiofrequencygeneratortransmitshigh-en-ergyradiofrequencypulsesthroughthewiretothefineneedles.Theenergyreleasedattheneedlepointcantriggerionicagitationandfrictionalheattopro-ducea…     

BiPAP呼吸机正压给氧对增强肺癌放疗疗效的随机对照试验

目的　观察BiPAP呼吸机正压给氧对放射治疗 (简称放疗 )的影响 ,以探索提高中晚期肺癌治疗的新途径。方法　确诊的肺癌患者 30例随机分为联合治疗组和单纯放疗对照组 ,前者采用BiPAP呼吸机经鼻面罩正压通气给氧联合常规放疗 ,后者采用常规放疗 (6MV X)。观察通气前、后血氧分压 (PaO2 )、血氧饱和度 (SaO2 )变化和放疗前、后胸部X线片、血常规、细胞免疫功能变化 ,以及毒副反应发生情况。结果　①BiPAP呼吸机经鼻面罩正压通气给氧可明显提高PaO2 ,最高可增加 7.5kPa ,同时SaO2 均维持在 95 %以上。肺癌治疗有效率较对照组增加 6 .7个百分点。②治疗组放疗前后细胞免疫功能无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而对照组在放疗后淋巴细胞转化率、CD4及CD4/CD8比值明显降低 (P <0 .0 1 )。③治疗组仅 1例出现白细胞减少 (6 .7% ) ,而对照组有 5例出现白细胞明显降低 (33.3% ) ,需用升白药物才能继续完成放疗。胃肠道反应发生较对照组明显减少。结论　BiPAP呼吸机经鼻面罩正压通气给氧辅助肺癌放疗有一定疗效 ,可明显提高机体氧分压 ,对骨髓及细胞免疫功能有一定保护作用 ,亦能减少放疗所引起的毒副作用     

天津市社区人群中尿糖筛检结果

目的：调查（天津市）社区居民尿糖阳性检出率及人群分布情况,为糖尿病防治提供参考依据和指标。方法：采用整群随机抽样方法及医学检验手段,对从本市社区人群中抽取到的调查对象共６２５７７人（男３０４６２人,女３２１１５人）进行了尿糖筛检调查试验。结果：受检人群的尿糖阳性检出率,在男、女及合计分别为９．００‰,１１．６０‰及１０．３０‰;尿糖阳性率按年龄和职业分布明显不同。结论：得出了天津市社区人群尿糖水平     

Thymocyte maturation is regulated by the activity of the helix-loop-helix protein, E47

The E2A proteins, E12 and E47, are required for progression through multiple developmental pathways, including early B and T lymphopoiesis. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrating that E47 activity regulates double-positive thymocyte maturation. In the absence of E47 activity, positive selection of both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and class II-restricted T cell receptors (TCRs) is perturbed. Additionally, development of CD8 lineage T cells in an MHC class I-restricted TCR transgenic background is sensitive to the dosage of E47. Mice deficient for E47 display an increase in production of mature CD4 and CD8 lineage T cells. Furthermore, ectopic expression of an E2A inhibitor helix-loop-helix protein, Id3, promotes the in vitro differentiation of an immature T cell line. These results demonstrate that E2A functions as a regulator of thymocyte positive selection.     

持续性正加速度致意识丧失的机理及其监测

正在加速度引起的意识丧失（Ｇ－ＬＯＣ）是当胶威胁飞行安全的主要因素。综述了Ｇ＿ＬＯＣ的机理及其生理监测,慢增长率正加速度导致的意识丧失的机理主要大脑缺血／缺氧;快增长率正加速度导致物意识丧失可能与颅内高应力有关,但缺直接的实验证据。用于Ｇ－ＬＯＣ监测的生理指标中,眼水平动脉血压、脑氧饱和度等可能具有重要作用。     

佛山市先天性甲状腺功能减低症筛查

目的了解佛山市初生人口中先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)的发生率,探讨初筛实验中召回复查的适当阳性切割点(筛查切值)。方法对出生48～72h后的81439例新生儿采集足跟血滤纸标本,荧光免疫法检测血中促甲状腺素(TSH)浓度,确诊用电化学发光法测定血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、血清游离T3(FT3)、血清游离T4(FT4)及TSH浓度。TSH初筛结果≥8mIU/L即召回复查,并结合骨龄检查及甲状腺核素扫描以确诊。结果检出52例CH,发生率63.85/10万(1:1566)。结论本组筛查结果显示佛山市初生人口中先天性甲状腺功能减低症的发生率高于国内主要城市报道。原因考虑与充分利用本市新生儿疾病筛查工作三级管理网络,对初筛结果异常者复查率达100%及适当降低阳性切割点,及时召回复查,减少漏诊有关。     

Clinical significance of interstitial collagen deposition at the invading edge in oral cancer: Immunohistochemistry for type I collagen

Background Changes in interstitial collagen in human oral cancer have not yet been fully studied. We examined the relationship between the degree of interstitial collagen deposition at the invading edge of the tumor, and the clinical and pathologic findings in oral squamous cell carcinoma. We also investigated the therapeutic implication of the changes in distribution patterns of collagen deposition by comparing biopsy specimens and surgical specimens. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed by the streptavidin-biotin method using antibody against human type I collagen for visualizing interstitial collagen in 50 biopsy and 45 surgical specimens. Results Carcinomas with scanty interstitial collagen in biopsy specimens tended to have highly malignant characteristics. Large carcinomas with scanty deposition both in biopsy and surgical specimens were likely to have positive resection margins in spite of radical surgery. Conclusion Immunostaining patterns for type I collagen of oral squamous cell carcinomas can provide information of importance in determining safe resection margins.     

鼻塞持续气道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭临床观察

目的观察经鼻塞持续气道正压通气(N-CPAP)治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的效果。方法应用STEPHANN-CPAP小儿呼吸机对30例危重新生儿进行经鼻塞持续气道正压通气呼吸支持治疗,观察治疗前后临床症状和血气变化。结果治疗有效25例,无效5例。治疗有效患儿使用N-CPAP时间12~96h,平均(32±4)h。并发症为鼻黏膜损伤,共12例。全部病例均治愈出院。结论N-CPAP治疗新生儿肺炎并呼吸衰竭及早产儿原发性呼吸暂停效果显著,是新生儿科一种简便易行、无创安全、疗效显著的呼吸支持设备。