Family Status and Dilemma of HIV Positive Subjects

Objective To understand the family status and dilemma of HIV positive subjects and provide some related suggestions. Methods Constructured questionnaire and in-depth interview were used to survey their psychological needs of the 111 HIV positive subjects and AIDS patients from 4 provinces in China. Results HIV positive subjects and AIDS patients had strong mental stress. All of them hope to get support from their families; the most difficulty the subjects faced was economic poor. Conclusion It is a highlight to promote AIDS education to establish a good social environment in which HIV positive subjects and AIDS patients can live quietly and happily. And psychological support from their families and the society is very important to HIV positive subjects and AIDS patients.     

COPD急性加重期呼吸衰竭伴意识障碍患者的无创通气研究?

目的:研究无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)呼吸衰竭伴意识障碍患者的疗效。方法:16例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭伴意识障碍行无创正压通气(NIPPV),并与同期14例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭无意识障碍患者比较。结果:慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭伴意识障碍患者通气2～4小时后,pH由(7.16±0.08)升至(7.28±0.05),PCO_2由(111±20)降至(91±21),而且多数病人意识转清,两组治疗有效率分别为81%和86%(12/14),A组略低于B组,但两组差异无显著性(P>0.05)(12/16)。结论:意识障碍不应是无创正压通气(NIPPV)的禁忌症,加强意识障碍患者清醒前呼吸道分泌物吸引及胃胀气的引流,合理选用机械同气模式和参数是治疗成功的关键。     

呼气末正压通气对机械通气患者中心静脉压的影响

目的:观察机械通气时不同水平的呼气末正压通气(postive end-exp iratory pressure,PEEP)对中心静脉压(central venouspressure,CVP)的影响。方法:监测10例实施机械通气的呼吸衰竭患者在不同水平PEEP(0~14 cmH₂O)时的CVP,分析CVP与PEEP的相关性。结果:不同水平PEEP时CVP有统计学意义(P<0.01);CVP与PEEP呈显著正相关(r=0.989)。结论:CVP随PEEP的上调而增加。     

短期持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者外周动脉硬度的影响

目的 观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者睡眠前后外周动脉硬度的变化及短期持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对其的影响.方法 以60例OSAHS患者为试验组,正常人60名为对照组,两组间年龄、性别构成比匹配,分别于入睡前及第二天清晨醒来后按相同方法测定四肢血压及心脏一踝血管指数(CAVI).试验组中的22例重度SAHS患者接受CPAP治疗,并在治疗第1天睡前及醒后、治疗第3天醒后重复测定上述指标.结果 试验组一夜睡眠后CAVI值[(8.0±1.2)m/s]、舒张压[(87±12)mm Hg]及平均压[(101±12)mm Hg]均高于睡前[分别为(7.3±1.0)m/s、(83±13)mm Hg及(98±14)mm Hg](均P<0.05),收缩压无明显改变;对照组相关参数在醒后均呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义.试验组经CPAP治疗1晚后,晨起的CAVI值[(7.8±1.0)m/s]、收缩压[(129±19)mm Hg]、舒张压[(84±11)mm Hg]及平均压[(99±13)mmHg]均低于治疗前晨起的相应数值[分别为(8.6±1.1)m/s、(137±23)mm Hg、(89±13)mm Hg、(105±16)mm Hg](均P<0.05);治疗第3天与治疗后第1天相比,晨起后的CAVI值仍继续明显下降,而收缩压、舒张压、平均压虽呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义.结论 睡眠可以引起OSAHS患者动脉硬度急性增高,经CPAP治疗可降低,并在3 d的治疗中持续改善.     

无创呼吸机治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并严重Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的:探讨鼻(面)罩无创正压通气(NIPPV)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并严重Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的治疗作用。方法:回顾性研究35例伴严重Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭(PaCO2>80mmHg)的COPD急性发作期患者,在常规治疗基础上给予NIPPV治疗,并监测血气分析、临床征象等情况。结果:NIPPV 3 h迅速改善了患者的血气(PH、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2)(P<0.05),通气24 h至治疗72 h可获进一步改善(P<0.01)。治疗成功率达88.6%(31/35)。结论:N IPPV是治疗COPD合并严重Ⅱ型呼衰竭的有效手段。     

无创通气在急性呼吸衰竭治疗中的应用

目的探讨无创通气对急性呼吸衰竭(ARF)的治疗作用。方法52例急性呼吸衰竭患者应用无创机械通气辅助呼吸,分析通气治疗前后呼吸频率(RR),心率(HR),平均动脉压(MAP),血氧饱和度SaO2,动脉血气分析等结果,计算氧合指数(PO2/FiO2)。结果RR、HR、PaCO2、PaO2、PO2/FiO2治疗前后比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论应用无创通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭,可改善ARF的氧合及缓解患者呼吸困难的症状,可作为治疗急性呼吸衰竭的一种有效呼吸支持方式。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者应用无创性正压通气难以纠正的原因分析

目的 分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期(AECOPD)患者使用无创性正压通气(NIPPV)治疗难以纠正的原因所在.方法 回顾我院4年来应用NIPPV治疗AECOPD 243例患者的资料,其中男169例,女74例.依据治疗前后临床症状、体征和动脉血气分析,分为有效组(206例)和无效组(37例).对两组患者治疗前一般情况、用机情况以及NIPPV无效者进一步治疗情况进行分析.结果 两组比较患者的意识情况、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)减退的严重程度及痰液黏稠、引流不畅有显著性差异(P<0.05).两组患者呼吸机连接方式、是否存在面罩漏气及呼吸机参数调节亦有显著性差异(P<0.05).NIPPV无效组通过更换鼻罩、调整呼吸机压力、延长无创通气时间及纠正低血压、电解质紊乱等,19例患者仍通过无创通气治疗而得到好转.结论 NIPPV原则上可适用于治疗各种情况的COPD合并呼吸衰竭的患者,但排痰能力严重减弱、呼吸道分泌物潴留、意识障碍以及有严重精神症状的患者.应慎重选用无创通气治疗.同时在使用无创通气的过程中应根据动脉血气情况及时调整连接方式和通气参数.     

VEGFR1阳性造血祖细胞簇与人大肠癌转移的关系

目的 观察血管内皮生长因子受体1(VEGFR1)阳性造血祖细胞与人大肠癌转移的关系及机制.方法 将人大肠癌细胞株SW480/M5瘤块原位接种至裸鼠结肠,建立大肠癌原位移植肝转移裸鼠模型,应用FCM观察转移灶内VEGFR1阳性造血祖细胞与大肠癌细胞的数量与比例及其相互关系,应用Western blot观察转移相关因子的表达.结果 肿瘤转移灶及尚未形成转移的常见部位均可见VEGFR1阳性造血祖细胞细胞簇.并且与肿瘤转移的时间呈正相关,而无肿瘤裸鼠未见此细胞簇形成;在肿瘤转移过程中,基质金属蛋白酶9、基质细胞衍生因子1蛋白表达逐渐增强.结论 VEGFR1阳性造血祖细胞簇形成总是伴随大肠癌转移.可能促进转移相关因子表达,促成转移的发生.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停中环路增益的测量方法及其临床意义

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的发病由解剖学因素与非解剖学因素共同参与，以往认为OSA与上气道解剖学相关的阻塞关系最为密切，近年来，非解剖学因素的作用越来越受到研究者重视。OSA治疗效果的非解剖学因素包括咽部临界压、低觉醒阈值、高环路增益（LG）和上气道扩张肌功能异常4个方面，即著名的PALM理论。通过监测分析PALM各项因素在发病中的权重有利于指导个体化治疗。LG即PALM中的"L"，是一种测量呼吸控制系统负反馈回路的增益或灵敏度的方法，旨在计算增加一定的呼吸驱动力能带来多大通气量。高LG可诱发低碳酸血症和抑制上气道呼吸驱动力，从而加重OSA的严重程度。本文详细介绍了OSA中LG的测量方法及其临床意义。     

GENE TRANSFER INTO PORCINE MYOCARDIUM VIA PERICARDIAL CAVITY BY HOMEMADE EASY PUNCTURE DEVICEA

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of gene transfer into porcine myocardium via the pericardial cavity by a homemade easy device.Methods Replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector carrying LacZ report gene (Ad-LacZ) was constructed by the calcium phosphate precipitation method. Twelve healthy Chinese mini-swine were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 6) and control group (n =6). Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model was established by balloon occlusion of the distal part of D[ branch of left anterior descending (LAD) artery, at the same time the intra-pericardial cavity injections were performed through the small incision of the abdominal wall below the xyphoid appendix using a homemade device. Then gene transfer was performed using a central venous catheter. The pericardium was pre-treated with injection of a mixture of collagenase (1 200 U) and hyaluronidase (3 000 U) in both groups. Then 2. 0 × 109 plaque formation unit (PFU) Ad-LacZ was injected into the pericardial cavity in experimental group, while 1 mL of normal saline was injected in the control group. The p-galactosidase activity detection and X-gal staining of the ischemic myocardium were performed on the 3rd, 7th, and 28th day after injection.Results The LAD artery was occluded completely and infarction and ischemia were detected by histological assessment In experimental group, the X-gal staining positive cells and (3-galactosidase activity quantification were detectable on the 3rd day after injection, increased markedly on the 7th day, and then declined on the 28th day. The transfer efficiencies indicated by the positive myocardial cells were 16. 7% , 45. 6% , 22. 8% on the 3rd, 7th, 28th day, respectively. In control group, no positive cells and (3-galactosidase activity were observed.Conclusion Adenovirus can be transferred into ischemic myocardium and express target gene in the AMI model for four weeks with the homemade easy device via pericardial cavity pretreated by collagenase and hyaluronidase.