伤肢小隐静脉修复腘动脉损伤解剖基础与临床应用

目的:为利用伤肢小隐静脉修复腘动脉损伤提供解剖学依据。方法:对25具标本50侧肢体的腘动脉和小隐静脉进行解剖研究并分别测量其管径。结果:腘动脉与小隐静脉解剖关系恒定,腘动脉管径起始段为(6.6±0.9)mm,中段为(5.9±1.0)mm,分叉前为(4.9±0.9)mm,小隐静脉管径汇入处为(3.1±0.1)mm,外踝平面和中段管径均为(2.9±0.1)mm,在小腿的上段小隐静脉与大隐静脉和深静脉间交通支出现率低。结论:腘动脉与小隐静脉解剖关系恒定,管径较相近,在伤肢小腿的上段切取一段小隐静脉对静脉回流无明显影响,临床应用21例22侧肢体,效果可靠满意。     

Is Preservation of the Adrenal Vein Mandatory in Laparoscopic Adrenal-Sparing Surgery?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Adrenal tissue-sparing or partial adrenalectomy evolved initially for patients with bilateral synchronous adrenal surgical pathology to preserve vital adrenal volume. In the laparoscopic era, the exact criteria for performing such procedures laparoscopically have yet to be defined. Controversy exists regarding the importance of preserving the adrenal vein, main or accessory. The aim of this retrospective study was to present our short series of laparoscopic tissue-sparing adrenalectomies with vein preservation. Our main goal is not to support partial adrenalectomy as an alternative to total (this is already advocated by many surgeons) but to emphasize the vein-preserving technique. METHODS: Seven patients with peripherally located either aldosterone-producing adenomas (4 cases) or myelolipomas (4 cases) underwent laparoscopic lateral partial adrenalectomy. One patient harbored an aldosterone-producing adenoma and a myelolipoma as well. The main adrenal vein was identified and preserved in 6 patients and the accessory vein in one. RESULTS: No conversion to open adrenalectomy was necessary, and no perioperative morbidity or mortality occurred. Three adenoma patients are normotensive 44, 23, and 20 months postoperatively, while the fourth one's pressure is refractory. CONCLUSIONS: Surprisingly, total adrenalectomies preceded the partial ones, which is controversial compared with other procedures. Laparoscopic lateral partial adrenalectomy is a technically challenging tissue-sparing operation. Meticulous dissection allows preservation of the middle artery and main or accessory vein resulting in a functioning adrenal stump.     

Recurrence of left atrium-pulmonary vein conduction following successful disconnection in asymptomatic patients.

BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of conduction recurrences in isolated pulmonary veins of patients with atrial fibrillation is not established. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with paoxysmal atrial fibrillation underwent successful pulmonary vein isolation. Six months after the procedure, 14 patients were free of atrial fibrillation. Two of these patients were subjected to repeat mapping of the left superior pulmonary vein. RESULTS: There was recurrence of pulmonary vein to left atrium conduction despite complete lack of symptoms or evidence of recurrent atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSION: Successful pulmonary vein isolation with abolition of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation does not confer permanent disconnection of the pulmonary vein musculature from the left atrium.     

多层螺旋CT三维重建在左肾静脉压迫综合征中的临床应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)三维重建在左肾静脉压迫综合征中的诊断价值。方法应用16层螺旋CT对11例左肾静脉压迫综合征病例进行泌尿系增强多期扫描,并获得各种后处理图像。结果11例左肾静脉压迫综合征病例均可见肠系膜上动脉(SMA)压迫左肾静脉(LRV)的征象。CT多平面重建(MPR)直观地显示了腹主动脉(AO)与SMA之间的夹角(α),最大为21.88,°最小为12.86°,平均为17.95°。CT横断位图像显示扩张的左肾静脉直径为12~15.3 mm,平均为13.26 mm;LRV受SMA压迫狭窄处直径为3.0~4.0 mm,平均为3.26 mm。左侧卵巢静脉或睾丸静脉直径为2.1~2.6 mm,平均为2.2 mm。5例增强扫描肾实质期(后期)显示双肾实质密度相差20 HU以上。结论MSCT在胡桃夹综合征诊断中具有明显的优势。     

多层螺旋CT双通路注射法行肝门静脉系统成像的研究

目的:确定多层螺旋CT肝门静脉系统检查的合理延迟时间及双通路注射对比剂法的可行性。方法:分为2个步骤研究:①随机选择无腹部及心血管疾患的患者53例,以3 ml/s速率注射造影剂20 ml,行同层动态扫描,计算腹主动脉、肝门静脉、下腔静脉、肝实质的对比剂时间密度曲线,及它们的相关性。②47例需门静脉检查的患者,行MDCT肝区移床式、动态扫描,在右肘部静脉及下肢静脉同时注入对比剂,对比剂总量1.5~2 ml/kg。扫描时使用对比剂自动示踪软件,设动脉血管阈值为120 HU启动扫描,动脉期扫描完成后延时20.1±5.54 s行门静脉扫描,分别评价肝门静脉、肝静脉、下腔静脉的显示率及程度。结果:①20 ml对比剂注射同层动态扫描肝门层面腹主动脉达峰时间为18.5±4.81 s,肝门静脉达峰时间是38.61±6.59 s,下腔静脉达峰时间是55.44±12.16 s,肝实质的达峰时间是56±5.7 s。②肝门静脉显示率达100%,肝门静脉主干等显示程度平均评分2.50~2.93;相关小分支静脉显示率为87%~98%,显示平均评分2.25~2.63。结论:MDCT右肘部静脉及下肢静脉同时注入对比剂,在动脉期扫描完成后,延时20.1±5.54 s行肝门静脉检查,肝门静脉系统成像效果良好。     

浆膜受侵的结直肠癌术后腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy to systemic chemotherapy alone for serosa-involved colorectal cancer. Methods According to the criteria of serosa-involving in colorectal cancer, 332 cases were divided into 2 groups prospectively without randomization. Study group (n=166) was treated with intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy, and control group (n=166) with systemic chemotherapy alone. Incidence of local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis, hepatic metastasis, other distant metastasis and 3-year, 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of two groups were compared. Results 3-year and 5-year OS rates of stage Ⅱ B in study group were similar to those in control group (χ2=0.612,P=0.434). The above rates of stage Ⅲ in study group were higher than those in control group (χ2=3.989,P=0.046). Either the study group or the control group, the 3-year and 5-year OS rates of patients undergone laparoscopic surgery or open surgery were similar (P=0.839, P=0.172). Incidences of local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis and hepatic metastasis in study group were 1.9%, 3.8% and 3.8% respetively, lower than those in control group (8.2%,9.5% and 10.1%,P<0.05). Distant metastasis rate in study group was similar to that in control group. In study group, intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen with Oxaliplatin had lower rates of peritoneal metastasis and hepatic metastasis as compared to that with Cisplatin (0.9% vs 8.8% ,P=0.019), while the incidences of local recurrence and other distant metastasis were similar. Conclusions Postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy improves 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates in patients with stage Ⅲ serosa-involved colorectal cancer, and decreases local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis and liver metastasis rate, especially when intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen contains Oxaliphtin. Comparing with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery dose not improve 3-year and S-year overall survival rates in patients receiving combined chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy alone.     

尾状叶门静脉解剖结构研究

[目的 ]利用经动脉性门静脉造影CT(CTAP)重建门静脉及肝静脉三维结构 ,观察生理状态下的尾状叶门静脉的分支形式 .[方法 ]使用regiongrowing法重建门静脉及肝静脉的三维结构 ,把门静脉0 1次分支分出 ,分布于Spigel叶以及下腔静脉周围肝实质的门静脉支为尾状叶的门静脉 ,以左、中、右肝静脉为界 ,将下腔静脉周围分成左肝静脉的左侧部分、左肝静脉的右侧部分、右肝静脉的左侧部分及右肝静脉的右侧部分 ,观察尾状叶的门静脉在下腔静脉周围肝实质内的分支形式 .[结果 ]下腔静脉周边的尾状叶门静脉支为每例 2～ 5支 ,平均 4支 ;下腔静脉周围尾状叶门静脉支的出现率为左肝静脉的左侧部分为 10 0 % ,左肝静脉的右侧部分为 32 % ,右肝静脉的左侧部分为 80 % ,右肝静脉的右侧部分为2 7% .[结论 ]下腔静脉周围存在尾状叶 ,其门静脉支围绕着下腔静脉分布     

去胆管及去门静脉肝叶肝细胞功能分化的研究

目的 观察胆管结扎及门静脉结扎后肝细胞形态及功能分化现象,探讨去胆管及去门静脉肝叶的保留价值.方法 应用氰基丙烯酸酯对仅保留两个肝叶的大鼠行一叶胆道栓塞并结扎,另一肝叶行门静脉结扎,进行分肝静脉血化验检查、组织病理及超微结构观察.结果 去胆管肝叶形态及糖原染色变化不大,分肝静脉血白蛋白(30.9±1.8)g/L与对照组(31.9±2.0)g/,L比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).去门脉肝叶萎缩明显,但血胆红素指标维持正常,与未处理对照组比较[(7.7±3.2)比(8.7±2.3)μmol/L]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 去胆管肝叶在观察期内无明显萎缩,仍保留有蛋白质合成分泌等功能;去门脉肝叶肝细胞能够承担胆汁代谢功能.