Complications in patients of acetabular fractures and the factors affecting the quality of reduction in surgically treated cases

IntroductionAcetabulum fractures, though relatively uncommon, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These involve high energy trauma and due to their complex nature, the management requires understanding the relevant surgical anatomy, defining the injury via appropriate radiographic assessment and determining a suitable treatment plan. Literature is scarce for the demographic data, fracture patterns, associated injuries, management and early complications in the Indian scenario. These factors play a pivotal role in the ultimate recovery of the patients. Therefore this study was conceptualised to assess the epidemiology and evaluate the complications of these fractures. Furthermore the effects of various factors determining the quality of reduction in surgically treated patients were also assessed.MethodologyThis was a prospective observational study in which patients presenting to the advance trauma centre of our institute with acetabulum fractures were included. Demographical data of the patients, mechanisms of injuries, fractures morphologies, complications and radiological outcomes were recorded prospectively.Results116 patients with acetabular fractures were included in the study. 81% of these were males, with average age of 39.95 ± 15.87 years; with road traffic accidents being the predominant mode of injuries. Mortality was reported in 5 patients; 4 patients had deep venous thrombosis and sciatic nerve injuries were seen in 12 patients of which 4 were iatrogenic. 8 patients had some form of infection, out of which 4 required multiple debridements. 4 cases developed heterotrophic ossification while 2 cases had loss of reduction. The timing of surgery and other associated fractures had significant effect on the quality of reduction (p < 0.05); while age, gender, mode of injury or individual fracture patterns had no such effect.ConclusionsProper radiological assessment and evaluation of fracture configuration is important for management of acetabulum fractures. When indicated, this should be followed by early open reduction and internal fixation to achieve anatomical reduction, with management of associated injuries for better outcomes.     

Post‐mastectomy radiation in node‐positive breast cancer in Ontario

More recent guidelines are more supportive for post‐mastectomy radiation in all node‐positive breast cancer patients. We examined the rate and predictors of post‐mastectomy radiation receipt in Ontario Canada from 2010 to 2014. Of 6535 node‐positive post‐mastectomy patients, 73.9% received radiation. The rate was 68.7% (2903/4227) among women with 1‐3 positive nodes. Radiation was less likely to be administered to women who were older, had high levels of comorbidity, or presented with early stages of breast cancer. Regional practice variation was reassuringly modest.     

北京市朝阳区流动人口乙型肝炎预防 健康知识的现状分析

目的 了解北京市朝阳区流动人口乙型肝炎（以下简称乙肝）预防健康知识现状,为制定流动 人口健康教育策略提供依据。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,选择北京市朝阳区居住≥ 6 个月且年 龄≥ 18 岁外来务工人员1 136 例进行面对面问卷调查。结果 乙肝传播途径中,乙肝母婴传播和不经日常生 活接触传播的知晓率分别为56.43% 和51.14%。知晓新生儿出生后24 h 内接种乙肝疫苗的占59.95% ;知晓目 前预防乙肝最主要方法是接种乙肝疫苗的占63.12% ;明确知道自己已全程接种乙肝疫苗/ 甲乙肝联合疫苗的 占19.10% ;乙肝预防健康素养具备率为52.20%。采用多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,年龄、工作场所、文化 程度及是否认为有必要接种乙肝疫苗是影响乙肝预防健康素养具备率的主要因素（P <0.05）。结论 流动人 口的乙肝防控健康教育应重点突出乙肝疫苗接种和乙肝传播途径这两方面知识,重视对建筑工地工作者的健 康教育,并加强对≤ 30 岁年龄人群和小学及以下学历人群的健康教育。     

广州市番禺区流动人口结核患者发现公共卫生服务均等化调查

目的 对2018年广州市番禺区新登记流动人口肺结核患者就诊情况、现实需求和基层医疗机构参与患者发现情况进行分析,提出完善番禺区流动人口结核病发现基本公共卫生服务均等化的措施。方法 按照基金课题项目研究的目的 和内容自行设计调查表格。对2018年新登记的流动人口肺结核患者,在复诊时对患者发现状况及需求进行便利抽样调查;对辖区2018年流动人口患者较多的10家企业和全部社区卫生服务中心进行患者发现服务内容调查。调查内容经过信息完善和逻辑核对后,将信息表转换成FoxPro 6.0数据库进行统计,分析患者就发现延误状况及其原因和需求意向、患者首次就诊单位及转诊情况、企业和社区落实患者发现服务内容情况。结果 2018年210例新登记患者本人就诊延误60例,延误率为28.57%;医生延误人数为82例,延误率为39.05%。60例患者延误原因主要是自我认为症状不严重且不需要就诊;82例医生延误的原因主要是先消炎2周。210例新登记患者首次就诊单位主要是区级综合医院;在首诊单位中,转诊率较高为体检机构、市级综合医院。在210例新登记患者发现需求意向中,患者无诉求113例,占53.81%。在患者最多的10家企业中,60%有设置卫生室且有专人负责;70%车间设健康监测人员;50%企业参加年度X线体检;80%卫生室有开展症状筛查。16家社区卫生服务中心中,56.25%每年对企业提供1次以上宣传服务;12.50%对企业推荐来的肺结核可疑症状者提供免费胸片筛查;93.75%对肺结核可疑者开展主动追踪工作。结论 番禺区流动人口肺结核患者仍存在就诊及确诊延误率高、结防机构就医环境不便、基层医疗机构转诊率低、社区卫生服务中心和企业患者发现工作参与度不够等特点,政府应加大投入,改善区结防机构诊治环境;提高卫生社区卫生服务中心X线检查能力;逐步将基本公共卫生服务项目内容向工厂、企业延伸等,是广州市番禺区实现流动人口肺结核患者发现服务均等化的努力方向。     

社区人群空腹血糖受损对估算肾小球滤过率的影响研究

背景 估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)是反映慢性肾脏病严重程度的量化指标之一。研究表明糖尿病前期血糖升高可增加慢性肾脏病风险,但对eGFR直接影响报道较少。目的 探讨社区人群中空腹血糖(FPG)受损患者血糖水平对eGFR的影响。方法 选择2020年1—12月于南昌大学第二附属医院体检中心体检的人群,收集一般资料与临床资料(包括既往史、性别、年龄、体质指数、血压、尿酸、血脂、FPG、尿常规、血肌酐),经相应纳入标准与排除标准筛选,最终纳入28 601例受试者。根据FPG水平将受试者分为FPG升高组(5.6 mmol/L≤FPG<7.0mmol/L)、FPG正常组(3.9 mmol/L≤FPG<5.6 mmol/L),比较两组一般资料与临床资料。为明确FPG对e GFR影响,采用个案匹配控制对两组受试者进行多因素(性别、年龄、平均动脉压、尿酸、总胆固醇、体质指数)匹配,采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验比较匹配后两组一般资料。采用Spearman秩相关检验分析FPG与eGFR在FPG升高组、FPG正常组及匹配后FPG升高组、FPG正常组间的相关性。结果 共获得FPG正常组患者...     

不同年龄组正常人群影响最大胸椎后凸角的相关因素分析

目的：本研究通过对不同年龄组正常人群矢状位参数进行分析,旨在报道正常人群脊柱骨盆参数参考值范围,并探索不同年龄段引起最大胸椎后凸角改变的影响因素。 方法：本研究纳入自2015年1月至2018年月于两所医院健康体检中心的正常人群,收集人口统计学参数以及矢状位影像学参数。通过将人群分为≤40岁组与＞40岁组,对比分析不同年龄组人群的矢状位参数,并对不同年龄组影响最大胸椎后凸角max TK的因素进行相关性分析。结果：本研究共计纳入191例正常人群,其中≤40岁组94人,平均年龄为28.5±6.4岁;＞40岁组97人,平均年龄为53.9±8.3岁。不同年龄组人群在胸1椎体矢状位倾斜角T1 Tilt（18.6±6.5 vs. 20.6±5.5, P=0.023）, 胸椎后凸下端椎倾斜角TVA（15.3±5.3 vs. 17.5±6.6, P=0.013）,max TK（33.9±8.3 vs. 38.0±9.4, P<0.001）,max LL- max TK（14.9±8.9 vs. 12.3±9.4, P=0.048）及矢状面躯干偏移SVA（-2.5±21.8 vs. 6.1±20.9, P=0.006）上存在显著差异。在年龄≤40岁的人群中,T1 Tilt、TVA、max LL及骶骨倾斜角SS与max TK显著相关,而在年龄＞40岁的人群中,年龄、T1 Tilt、TVA、max LL及骨盆入射角PI与max TK显著相关。结论：max TK随着年龄增长呈现上下均匀增长趋势,在＞40岁的人群中,max TK与年龄呈现正相关关系。此外,不同年龄阶段,骨盆对于max TK改变的代偿呈现出不同的模式。     

Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI): A useful genetic system in paternity testing. Evidence for polymorphic occurrence ofITI*3 and existence of a new allele,ITI*4

Summary The genetic polymorphism of human interalpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) has been investigated in sialidase-treated samples by isoelectric focusing on polyarcrylamide gels with a pH range 3.5–9.5 followed by passive blotting with enzyme immunoassay. In 400 blood donors from western Japan, 8 simplified band patterns were observed, 6 of which could be explained by the previously described 3 polymorphic alleles, ITI*1, ITI*2, and ITI*3. The others were products of a new and rare fourth allele designated ITI*4, whose expression is also consistent with autosomal codominant inheritance. The frequency of these alleles was 0.440, 0.526, 0.030 and 0.004, respectively. The theoretical exclusion rate for putative fathers in paternity cases was calculated to be 0.228. The ITI system is a useful genetic marker for forensic hemogenetics in Japanese and in Europeans.Dedicated to Professor I. Tsuchie on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

二甲亚砜对大鼠海马脑片谷氨酸毒性损伤的影响

目的　观察二甲亚砜 (DMSO)对大鼠海马脑片谷氨酸 (Glu)兴奋性毒性损伤的影响 ,以探讨其保护作用与剂量的关系。方法　在离体海马脑片灌流液中加入 Glu造成兴奋性毒性损伤 ,用电生理记录技术观察不同浓度的 DMSO对海马脑片顺向群峰电位 (OPS)的影响。结果　去除 Glu 1h后 ,DM-SO (0 .0 7mol/ L )组 OPS恢复幅度和恢复率分别为 (88.2± 2 2 .9) % ,83.3% ,与对照组相比差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而且 DMSO组 OPS恢复幅度具有剂量依赖性。结论　 DMSO具有抗谷氨酸兴奋性神经毒性作用 ,且这一作用与所用剂量有关。     

Long-Term Results from the Pivotal Multicenter Trial of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Arteriovenous Fistula Creation for Hemodialysis Access

PurposeTo report the 5-year results from the Pivotal Multicenter Trial of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Arteriovenous Fistula (pAVF) Creation for Hemodialysis Access.Materials and MethodsThe retrospective review of 107 intent-to-treat (ITT) patients from the pivotal trial provided a long-term follow-up population (LTP) of 85 patients with a median follow-up duration of 50 months (range, 12–60 months). Data evaluated in the LTP group were fistula maturation and usage, secondary procedures, and complications. The Kaplan-Meier analysis of primary patency, assisted primary patency, cumulative patency, and functional patency (time from 2-needle cannulation to abandonment) were performed for the ITT population.ResultsIn the LTP, 99% (84 of 85) of fistulae were mature, with 99% (78 of 79) of patients requiring hemodialysis using their pAVF. Sustained fistula use (2-needle cannulation at the prescribed rate, 2 of 3 sessions) was achieved in 92% (78 of 85) of patients, with 7 patients not using their pAVF because they were not on dialysis (n = 4), were on peritoneal dialysis (n = 2), and refused to use fistula (n = 1). Fistula maintenance was required in 31.8% (27 of 85) of patients and included fistula dysfunction (21.2%), thrombosis (5.9%), cannulation injury (12.9%), and arm swelling (4.7%). The number of procedures performed per patient per year to maintain function and patency was 0.32 (91 of 288) for years 2–5. The cumulative patency rates were 89.5%, 88.4%, 88.4%, 85.6%, and 82.0% for years 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The functional patency was 91.8% at the end of the study. There were no major complications related to pAVF during the long-term follow-up.ConclusionsPercutaneous fistulae have provided clinically effective and durable access for hemodialysis with low complications. The continued use and evaluation of pAVF are warranted.     

Voluntariado radiológico para apoyar un programa de detección precoz del cáncer de mama en Perú: descripción del proyecto,presentación de los primeros resultados e impresiones

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in Peruvian women. Due to limitations in national breast cancer screening programs, especially in rural areas, more than 50% of cases of breast cancer in Peru are diagnosed in advanced stages. In collaboration with a local clinic registered as a nongovernmental organization (CerviCusco), RAD-AID International aims to create a sustainable diagnostic structure to improve breast cancer screening in Cuzco. With the support of local, national, and international partners that have collaborated in analyzing radiological resources, raising awareness in the population, acquiring equipment, training clinical staff, and building referral networks, our teams of radiologists, included in the RAD-AID team, have participated in training CerviCusco staff in breast ultrasound, thus enabling additional training for radiology residents through a regulated international collaboration.