丹参药理活性成分的整合效应

利用Pubmed收集了丹参相关的文献600余篇,整理了近年来与丹参药理机制研究相关的文献报道,归纳出丹参的药理活性成分,揭示单味中药丹参中多成分、多靶点的整合效应,并试图找出丹参中发挥抗肿瘤药理作用的结构母核,提出以结构母核为基础研究丹参药理活性成分的整合效应的研究思路.     

菊花的传统使用及化学成分和药理活性研究进展

菊花是别样茶的一种,在我国具有悠久的使用历史,由前期作为物候特征使用到后来的茶用、药用及观赏,引起了全球业内人士越来越多的关注。而作为传统的中药菊花具有散风清热、平肝明目之功效,用于治疗风热感冒、头痛眩晕、目赤肿痛、眼目昏花等疾病。本文对菊花的传统使用、化学成分和药理活性进行了全面的概述。为以后更好的探索菊花的治疗潜力提供一定的参考。     

天麻钩藤饮治疗神经系统疾病研究进展

神经系统疾病为临床常见病、多发病,是严重影响患者生活质量和身心健康的主要原因。天麻钩藤饮出自名医胡光慈编著的《中医内科杂病证治新义》,临床应用广泛,有平肝熄风、清热活血、安神、补益肝肾之功效。临床研究证实,天麻钩藤饮加减用药,或与针灸、西药合并应用治疗痴呆、头痛、眩晕病、高血压病、失眠症、帕金森病、卒中、癫痫等神经系统常见疾病,疗效显著,不良反应小,安全性高。基础研究发现,天麻钩藤饮整方与组方中单味药物主要活性成分如天麻素、天麻多糖、对羟基苯甲醇、钩藤碱、黄芩素、益母草碱、水苏碱、栀子苷、2,3,5,4,-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-Ο-β-D-葡萄糖苷、松脂醇二葡萄糖苷、茯苓酸、β-蜕皮甾酮、广寄生苷等可通过多靶点多途径,发挥抑制铁死亡、抗凋亡、抗氧化、调节神经递质、调节自噬、抗炎、减轻脑水肿、降脂、降压、改善血液循环等作用。该文通过对天麻钩藤饮治疗神经系统疾病的整方与单味药物作用机制、临床应用进行如下综述,以期为天麻钩藤饮的临床应用提供理论依据,并为该方后续的机制研究提供思路。     

药用植物厚朴研究进展

文章就厚朴种质资源及其栽培技术、化学成分、厚朴药效成分的提取及药理作用等方面的研究现状进行综述,并对厚朴未来的开发利用与研究方向进行探讨,为厚朴这一传统药用植物的进一步保护、开发和利用提供新思路。     

The FRAXopathies: definition, overview, and update

The fragile X syndrome, fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome, and premature ovarian insufficiency are conditions related to the X chromosome folate-sensitive fragile site FRAXA. Therefore, we propose that they are considered as a family of disorders under the general designation of FRAXopathies. The present review will outline the main clinical and molecular features of these disorders, with special emphasis on the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to distinct phenotypes, starting from related mutations. The understanding of these mechanisms is already generating promising therapeutic approaches.     

Protein misfolding diseases: Prospects of pharmacological treatment

Protein misfolding has been linked to numerous inherited diseases. Loss‐ and gain‐of‐function mutations (common features of genetic diseases) may cause the destabilization of proteins, leading to alterations in their properties and/or cellular location, resulting in their incorrect functioning. Misfolded proteins can, however, be rescued via the use of proteostasis regulators and/or pharmacological chaperones, suggesting that treatments with small molecules might be developed for a range of genetic diseases. This work describes the potential of these small molecules in this respect, including for the treatment of congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) due to phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (PMM2‐CDG).     

Protective role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Nitric oxide is a versatile molecule, with its actions ranging from haemodynamic regulation to anti-proliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide is produced by the nitric oxide synthases, endothelial NOS (eNOS), neural NOS (nNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). Constitutively expressed eNOS produces low concentrations of NO, which is necessary for a good endothelial function and integrity. Endothelial derived NO is often seen as a protective agent in a variety of diseases.This review will focus on the potential protective role of eNOS. We will discuss recent data derived from studies in eNOS knockout mice and other experimental models. Furthermore, the role of eNOS in human diseases is described and possible therapeutic intervention strategies will be discussed.     

Intermediate hair follicles: a new more clinically relevant model for hair growth investigations

Background Alopecia causes widespread psychological distress, but is relatively poorly controlled. The development of new treatments is hampered by the lack of suitable human hair follicle models. Although intermediate and vellus hair follicles are the main clinical targets for pharmacological therapy, terminal hair follicles are more frequently studied as smaller hair follicles are more difficult to obtain. Objectives This investigation was designed to quantify in vivo morphological and in vitro behavioural differences in organ culture between matched intermediate and terminal hair follicles, in order to develop a new clinically relevant model system. Methods Microdissected terminal and intermediate hair follicles, from the same individuals, were analysed morphometrically (250 follicles; five individuals), or observed and measured over 9 days of organ culture (210 follicles; six individuals). Results Intermediate hair follicles were less pigmented and smaller, penetrating less below the skin surface (mean ± SEM) (2·59 ± 0·07 vs. 3·52 ± 0·10 mm; P = 0·02), with smaller fibre (0·03 ± 0·002 vs. 0·07 ± 0·002 mm), connective tissue sheath (0·24 ± 0·01 mm vs. 0·33 ± 0·01 mm), bulb (0·19 ± 0·01 vs. 0·31 ± 0·01 mm) and dermal papilla (0·06 ± 0·002 vs. 0·12 ± 0·01 mm) diameters (P < 0·001). Intermediate hair follicle bulbs appeared ‘tubular’, unlike their ‘bulbous’ terminal follicle counterparts. In organ culture they also grew more slowly (0·044 ± 0·002 vs. 0·067 ± 0·003 mm per day; P < 0·001), remained in anagen longer (84 ± 0·03% vs. 74 ± 0·03% at day 9; P = 0·012) and produced less hair fibre (0·36 ± 0·02 vs. 0·50 ± 0·03 mm; P < 0·001) than terminal follicles. Conclusions Smaller intermediate hair follicles showed major morphological differences from terminal follicles in vivo and retained significant, biologically relevant differences in vitro in organ culture. Therefore, intermediate hair follicles offer a novel, exciting, more clinically relevant, albeit technically difficult, model for future investigations into hair growth. This should be particularly important for developing new therapies.     

金鸡菊属植物化学成分和药理活性研究进展

金鸡菊属植物原产北美、非洲南部及夏威夷群岛等地,后被引入我国,该属植物含有挥发油类、黄酮类、炔类、苯丙素类、萜类、甾类等化学成分。该属植物具有调血脂、降血压、降血糖、抗氧化、抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶及抗菌等活性,还具有很高的观赏价值。综述了金鸡菊属植物化学成分和药理活性的研究进展,为进一步开发利用金鸡菊属植物提供参考。