颈动脉手术围术期预测脑侧支循环的方法评价

To prediet the pateney of the cirele of Willis and cerebral ischemia during earotid artery surgery (ligation, resection, revascularization) is of rtmost importance both for the surgeons and the patients. Many methods have been proposed in the literature as simple and accurate means of evaluation the adequacy of cullateral hemispheric blood flow to compensate for a potentially resectable earoted artery. including Matas test, DSA, intraoperative measurement of stump pressure or back pressure, preoperative and intraoperative EEC monitoring, ocular plethysmograph (OPG),temporary balloon neelusion (TBO) alone or with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). venon-enhanced computed tomography cerebral blood flow (Xe/CT CBF), and transcranial color Doppler (TCD). However, there is no single review and elinical studies showed that the combination of preoperative TBO and SPECT cerebral blood flow imaging significantly increases the safety of ICA/CCA resection, which can be used rontinely to predict the patients‘tolerance for earotid artery sacrifiee sithout developing neurologie deficits. Supported by Research Fund of the Ministry of Public Health (Grant No.96-1-340) and Sustentation Plan for Excellent Aeademic Leader of Shanghai Munieipality (Grant No.96XD14013).     

Association of the -1087 IL 10 gene polymorphism with severe chronic periodontitis in Swedish Caucasians

BACKGROUND: Severe forms of periodontitis are suggested to have a genetic basis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present investigation was to study association of an IL10 gene polymorphism (G to A transition at the -1087 position) with severe chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of Swedish Caucasian subjects were included. One group consisted of 60 patients (aged 36-74 years; mean 54.5+/-8.5) with severe and generalized chronic periodontitis. The patients exhibited bone loss >50% at all teeth. Thirty-nine periodontally healthy subjects between 35-78 years of age (mean 51.0+/-10.9) were also recruited. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells and genotyping was performed by combination of PCR with restriction endonuclease mapping. RESULTS: The proportion of subjects that exhibited the GG genotype was significantly larger in the group with severe periodontitis than in the periodontally healthy group. The difference regarding the occurrence of the GG genotype between the two groups was more conspicuous in non-smokers and yielded an odds ratio of 6.1. The G allele carriage in non-smokers was >90 % in the periodontitis group and was significantly higher than in the healthy controls. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the -1087 IL10 polymorphism in Caucasian subjects of a north European origin is associated with severe chronic periodontitis.     

Immunohistochemical co-localization of lymphatics and blood vessels in oral squamous cell carcinomas

BACKGROUND: Differentiating lymphatic vessels from blood vessels is difficult, partly due to the lack of a specific method for identifying lymphatics. A new lymphatic vessel-reactive antibody, D2-40 has recently become commercially available. We examined the selectivity of D2-40 for lymphatics in oral neoplastic lesions for discrimination from blood vessels. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of oral lymphangiomas (n = 3), oral hemangiomas (n = 7), and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC, n = 46) were double immunostained with D2-40 and anti-CD34 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) using ENVISION-polymer technique with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-phosphate (BCIP)/nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) as color reagents, respectively. Results: In the oral lymphangiomas and hemangiomas D2-40 was detected in all lymphatics, while all blood vessels were positive for CD34. In OSCC, number of vessels for lymphatics (P < 0.01) and for blood vessels in the perineoplastic areas were significantly greater than those in intratumoral areas. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that lymphatic proliferation might be much more extensive in the peritumoral area than intratumoral.     

Effects of Prilocaine local anaesthetic solutions on pulpal blood flow in maxillary canines

Abstract The effects of prilocaine local anaesthetic solutions on pulpal blood flow (PBF) in maxillary canines were investigated in nine adult subjects. Buccal infiltration of 2 ml of the following solutions were carried out: 3% prilocaine; 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU/ml felyprcssin; and 3% prilocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline. Blood (low in the anaesthetized tooth was monitored by a laser Doppler flowmeter and data stored in a computer. An electric pulp tester was used to assess pulpal anaesthesia. The duration of anaesthesia was recorded. After administration of plain prilocaine, PBF changed little throughout the experiment in all nine subjects. When prilocaine with felypressin was injected, PBF fluctuated greatly, but there was no sustained increase or decrease. In comparison, prilocaine with adrenaline caused a significant decline in PBF in every subject (p<0.05), but then gradually started lo return to the pre-injection level; there was no such change in PBF of the contralateral tooth. Injection of 3% plain prilocaine achieved a short duration of pulpal anaesthesia (median 7 min) in only three subjects. When prilocaine with felypressin was injected, eight out of nine subjects experienced pulpal anaesthesia (median duration 10.5 min). Injection of prilocaine with adrenaline caused pulpal anaesthesia in six of nine subjects (median duration 10.5 min). The use of vasoconstrictors with prilocaine anaesthetics had less pronounced effects on blood How and shorter periods of anaesthesia than those reported previously for lignocaine with adrenaline.     

小学生唾液隐血试验与口腔健康相关因素调查

目的了解小学生口腔状况及卫生保健行为,分析影响口腔健康的相关因素,探索切实可行的口腔预防保健措施。方法采用口腔检查、唾液隐血试验及问卷调查表对南京市鼓楼区随机抽取的80名五年级小学生进行调查。结果受检小学生唾液隐血阳性率为42.3%,不同性别间的差别无显著性。喜软食组唾液隐血阳性率较阴性组显著增高(P<0.05),阳性组就餐时间较阴性组显著减少(P<0.05),阳性组的错位牙者较阴性组显著增多(P<0.05),在牙齿拥挤度(≥4mm)及前牙深覆盖上(>5mm)均较阴性组有显著增高(P<0.05)。结论要加强对小学生的口腔卫生保健,合理安排其膳食时间及食物搭配,积极矫正错畸形的发生。     

20例ABO血型抗原表达异常样本的血型基因分析

目的 探讨20例样本ABO血型抗原表达减弱的分子生物学机制。方法 采用微柱凝集法及盐水试管法进行ABO血型血清学鉴定;对ABO基因第1-7外显子及其上游启动子区域PCR产物直接测序进行基因分型。结果 11例样本通过家系分析可以确定其基因型（1例ABO*A2.01/ABO*B.01,1例ABO*A2.01/ABO*O01.01,1例A1.02/B3.04,2例B3.04/O.01.01、2例B3.02/O.01.02,4例Bw.12/O.01.01）;3例样本在ABO基因启动子区域发生-35_-18位的碱基缺失,通过家系分析,提示该变异发生在B等位基因;1例样本在ABO基因启动子区域发生-119位C>T变异;1例样本发生第7外显子1054位点缺失碱基C;4例样本在ABO血型基因1-7外显子及其调控区域未发现变异。结论 启动子区域-119位C>T变异及Exon7 1054del变异可能是导致ABO血型抗原异常表达的新变异;部分ABO亚型可能与内含子异常或mRNA合成异常有关;本地区B亚型明显多于A亚型。     

产前应用地塞米松促胎肺成熟对先兆早产孕妇血糖的影响研究

背景　早产是一种严重而常见的妊娠并发症,早产儿因身体各系统器官发育不成熟而存活率低,会造成沉重的家庭社会负担。产前使用糖皮质激素是国际公认的促胎肺成熟、使新生儿获益的标准措施,但地塞米松的治疗对母体血糖有一定的不良影响,且母体血糖随地塞米松血药浓度峰值变化的机制尚不清楚。目的　探究产前应用地塞米松促胎肺成熟对先兆早产孕妇血糖的影响。方法　选取2018年10月-2020年2月佛山市妇幼保健院收治的因先兆早产需住院行地塞米松促胎肺成熟治疗且符合纳入标准的63例孕妇为研究对象,根据孕24~28周的口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）结果分为妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）组和非GDM组。两组孕妇入院后均接受统一的促胎肺成熟方案：地塞米松肌肉注射,6 mg/次,1次/12 h,共4次。使用美敦力MINIMED动态血糖监测系统监测两组孕妇每次注射地塞米松前1 h和注射后3 h的血糖。比较两组孕妇第1、2、3、4次地塞米松注射前1 h和注射后3 h血糖,4次地塞米松注射后血药浓度峰值前后1 h血糖,并绘制相应的血糖随时间变化趋势图。结果　最终完成研究55例,其中GDM组16例,非GDM组39例。GDM组和非GDM组孕妇第1、2、3、4次地塞米松注射前1 h和注射后3 h血糖比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。GDM组孕妇第2、3、4次地塞米松注射前1 h血糖均高于第1次（P<0.05）;GDM组孕妇第1、2、3、4次地塞米松注射后3 h血糖比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。非GDM组孕妇第2、3次地塞米松注射前1 h血糖均高于第1次（P<0.05）;非GDM组孕妇第2、3、4次地塞米松注射后3 h血糖均高于第1次（P<0.05）。GDM组与非GDM组孕妇第1、2、3、4次地塞米松注射后血药浓度峰值前后1 h血糖比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。接受地塞米松注射后3 h内,非GDM孕妇血糖均在参考范围内波动,无明显规律趋势;GDM组孕妇血糖波动范围较大,且4次地塞米松注射120 min后血糖逐渐升高。结论　单胎孕妇注射地塞米松2 h内,其血糖可能不受地塞米松血药浓度峰值影响;地塞米松升高血糖的作用时间是在注射后3 h,4次地塞米松注射对血糖的升高无累积效应。接受地塞米松注射后3 h内,非GDM孕妇血糖均在参考范围内波动,无明显规律趋势;GDM组孕妇血糖波动范围较大,且4次地塞米松注射120 min后血糖逐渐升高。     

Optical mechanisms regulating emmetropisation and refractive errors: evidence from animal models

Our current understanding of emmetropisation and myopia development has evolved from decades of work in various animal models, including chicks, non-human primates, tree shrews, guinea pigs, and mice. Extensive research on optical, biochemical, and environmental mechanisms contributing to refractive error development in animal models has provided insights into eye growth in humans. Importantly, animal models have taught us that eye growth is locally controlled within the eye, and can be influenced by the visual environment. This review will focus on information gained from animal studies regarding the role of optical mechanisms in guiding eye growth, and how these investigations have inspired studies in humans. We will first discuss how researchers came to understand that emmetropisation is guided by visual feedback, and how this can be manipulated by form-deprivation and lens-induced defocus to induce refractive errors in animal models. We will then discuss various aspects of accommodation that have been implicated in refractive error development, including accommodative microfluctuations and accommodative lag. Next, the impact of higher order aberrations and peripheral defocus will be discussed. Lastly, recent evidence suggesting that the spectral and temporal properties of light influence eye growth, and how this might be leveraged to treat myopia in children, will be presented. Taken together, these findings from animal models have significantly advanced our knowledge about the optical mechanisms contributing to eye growth in humans, and will continue to contribute to the development of novel and effective treatment options for slowing myopia progression in children.