剖宫产率及指征变化与围产儿死亡率的关系

目的 探讨剖宫产率及剖宫产指征变迁对围产儿死亡率的影响。方法 对10年间剖宫产病例资料进行回顾分析。结果 1993至1997年剖宫产率为30．34％，显著低于1998至2002年的45．30％r，两者比较差异有极显著性(P＜0．01)。在剖宫产指征中，妊娠并发(合并)症始终处于第1位，社会因素上升为第2位，头盆不称为第3位，胎儿窘迫为第4位。围产儿死亡率1993至1997年为16．85％。，1998至2002年为17．79％，两者比较，差异无显著性(P＞0．05)。结论 剖宫产率升高在一定范围内降低了围产儿死亡率，但随着剖宫产率的进一步升高，围产儿死亡率并未随之下降。因此，应合理掌握剖宫产指征，降低剖宫产率。     

围产儿出生缺陷的监测与分析

目的分析2002-2010年围产儿出生缺陷流行病学特征及影响因素。方法以2002-2010年广东医学院附属南山医院分娩信息及出生缺陷的监测资料为基础,对缺陷率及影响因素进行分析。结果 9年间出生缺陷率为15.88‰,2007年后缺陷率明显增高;缺陷儿死亡占围产儿死亡的24.88%;前五位出生缺陷依次为先天性心脏病、多指＋并指、总唇腭裂、胎儿水肿综合征、神经管畸形,共占畸形总数的52.55%;出生缺陷发生与户籍、性别、季节、胎数及产妇年龄、文化程度、孕次、产次有关。结论出生缺陷防控形势严峻,应深入开展主要缺陷的病因学研究,以提供有效的防控措施;而广泛的健康教育,婚前、孕前优生优育指导,规范化孕产期保健及新生儿体检都是降低出生缺陷,提高人口素质的重要措施。     

218例妊娠合并血小板减少临床分析

目的探讨妊娠合并血小板减少的围产期处理及产后出血情况。方法收集2006年1月至2011年8月茂名市人民医院及广州医学院第三附属医院收治的218例妊娠合并血小板减少患者,根据分娩前血小板计数51×109-99×109／L、21×109-50×109／L、≤20×109／L分为A、B、C三组,每例患者针对原发病治疗,产前根据病情适当给予糖皮质激素,静脉注射丙种球蛋白,输入血小板治疗,分析各组的产后出血情况。结果A、B、C三组的产后出血发生率分别为2．67％、7．46％、28．20％;平均出血量分别为（600±80）、（600±120）、（900±200）ml,产后24h平均阴道流血量分别为（250±30）、（250±80）、（500±100）ml,C组平均出血量及24h平均阴道流血量与A、B组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论妊娠合并血小板减少,在治疗原发病的基础上,给予对应治疗,适时终止妊娠可有效改善不良妊娠结局。     

Perinatal hypophosphatasia: diagnosis and detection of heterozygote carriers within the family

We report on two families in which one or two children had a severe disorder of skeletal development detected by prenatal ultrasonography. The children died postnatally and showed typical radiological and biochemical findings of perinatal hypophosphatasia. Biochemical analysis revealed a low activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and a high value of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), one of its natural substrates. The screening for mutations of the tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene showed homozygosity for a point mutation (G 317 --> D) in the two affected children of the first family. The affected child of the second family was homozygous for a nonsense mutation (R 411 --> X). Family screening revealed that the determination of AP and PLP is helpful for detection of heterozygotes. However, heterozygote children had values of AP in the lower normal range during phases of rapid growth. The determination of PLP proved to be more sensitive in these cases. It should be kept in mind that during the last trimester of gestation there is an increase in maternal AP activity and a normalization of PLP due to placental AP, which is not affected. Therefore, in the course of a prenatal diagnosis in an index case, paternal blood should be analyzed in parallel. For detailed genetic counseling and early prenatal diagnosis in following pregnancies, the possibility of mutation analysis should be used.     

137例重度子痫前期母婴结局临床分析

目的:分析不同孕周重度子痫前期发病与母婴结局的关系,为临床工作提供指导.方法:137例重度子痫前期患者,根据其孕周不同分为A(孕周＜32周)、B(32周≥孕周＜37周)、C(≥37周)三组,比较三组间孕产妇并发症发生情况和围生儿预后情况及分娩方式.结果:A、B、C三组孕产妇并发症发生率分别为59.3%、32.5%和20.3%,A组与B、C两组比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).三组间孕产妇死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A、B、C三组围生儿死亡率分别为48.1%、17.3%和3.2%,三组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);三组间胎儿生长受限、胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).三组总剖宫产率92.0%,阴道分娩率8.0%(P＜0.05);产时子痫发生率剖宫产组为0、阴道分娩组为27.3%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05 );两种分娩方式死产发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:重度子痫前期孕妇严重并发症发生率高和围生儿死亡率高,且发病孕周越小发生率越高.在保证孕妇安全情况下采取保守治疗,适当延长胎龄,促进胎儿成熟,可提高新生儿存活率.分娩方式以剖宫产为最佳选择.     

Prevalence, risk factors and virological profile of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women in India

A large program was conducted by the Government of India to study the prevalence and profile of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its risk factors in pregnant women attending a tertiary care hospital in India. From September 2004 to December 2008 consecutive pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic were screened and those found positive for HBsAg were enrolled. Healthy non‐pregnant women of child‐bearing age, who presented for blood donation during the same period, served as controls. Women with symptoms of liver disease or those aware of their HBsAg status were excluded. Of the 20,104 pregnant women screened, 224 (1.1%) and of the 658 controls, 8 (1.2%) were HBsAg positive (P = ns). Previous blood transfusions and surgery were significant risk factors for infection with HBV. Of the women who were HBsAg positive, the ALT levels were normal in 54% of the women and HBV DNA levels were above 2,000 IU/ml in 71% of women. The median HBV DNA levels were higher in women who were HBeAg positive compared to the HBeAg negative group. The most common HBV genotype was D (84%) followed by A + D and A (8% each). In conclusion, the prevalence of HBsAg positivity among asymptomatic pregnant women in North India is 1.1% with 71% having high HBV DNA levels. These women may have a high risk of transmitting infection to their newborns. J. Med. Virol. 83:962–967, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

围产期女性不同时点抑郁症状检出率及影响因素

目的:了解妇女在围产期不同时点的抑郁症状检出率及其影响因素。方法:2016年9月到2017年2月,在两家妇幼保健院进行产检的508名妇女中完成了全部时点的随访(从孕早期至产后6周,随访7次),使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)进行抑郁筛查,计算所有时点的抑郁症状检出率,同时在各个时点测量抑郁影响因素。结果:7次随访的抑郁症状检出率为24.8%~37.6%;产后两个时点的中重度抑郁症状检出率均高于轻度抑郁症状(13.0%~14.3%vs.11.8%~13.0%,均P<0.05)。孕早期抑郁症状(OR=2.54、2.05)和产后焦虑(OR=1.43、1.13)与产后1周及产后6周的抑郁症状均正向关联;孕早期焦虑与孕12周至40周共5个时点的抑郁症状正向关联(OR=7.27、1.28、1.18、1.18、1.18)。结论:围产期不同时点的抑郁症状检出率不同,焦虑在整个围产期都与抑郁持续相关。     

围产期窒息后血浆cTnI、CK-MBmass的影响因素及临床应用价值

为探讨围产期窒息后血浆心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、肌酸激酶心型同工酶质量（CK-MBmass）的影响因素及临床应用价值。对71例围产期窒息新生儿及27例对照组新生儿生后6小时－48时血浆cTnI、CK-MBmass水平进行测定，运用逐步回归等方法进行分析。结果显示：（1）血浆cTnI水平的变化与胎龄、5分钟Apgar评分有关。（2）围产期窒息组足月儿（59例）cTnI明显高于对照组足月儿（19）；重度窒息组（17例）与轻度窒息组（16例）比较，cTnI差异无显著性，而CK-MBmass差异有非常显著性；围产期窒息组的重度心脏损害患儿（8例）cTnI、CK-MBmass水平明显高于无重心脏损害患儿（63例）。表明围产期窒息持续时间越长cTnI的水平越高。相对于CK-MBmass而言，cTnI对心肌损伤的敏感性可能稍差，而且由于cTnI的水平随着胎龄的增加而增加，因此这一指标在判断早产儿心肌损伤时有一定的局限性。     

前置血管围产结局130例分析

目的:探讨前置血管临床特点、孕期管理及围产儿结局。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年5月在四川大学华西第二医院分娩的130例前置血管患者临床资料,分析其临床高危因素、孕期管理及围产儿结局。结果:130例前置血管患者占我院同期分娩产妇的1.86‰。108例(83.1%)单胎,22例(16.9%)多胎,自然受孕109例(83.8%),辅助受孕21例(16.2%),其中妊娠合并帆状胎盘(68.5%)和前置胎盘(33.8%)占多数,96.2%产前诊断前置血管的患者合并至少一个高危因素。产前诊断111例,70.3%中孕期诊断,29.7%晚孕期诊断,诊断后行严密监测,入院孕周(33.7±2.2周),分娩孕周为35.0±1.6周,34～37周分娩77例。130例分娩活产儿150个,活产儿中存活145个,其出生体质量为2422.8±462.5 g,74例(51.0%)转NICU,在NICU住院时间为8(1～49)天。产前诊断组中,多胎妊娠病例的入院孕周、分娩孕周较单胎早,早产率和新生儿死亡率明显高于单胎妊娠病例(P<0.05)。产前诊断组与产时产后诊断组新生儿早产率为87.8%与55.6...     

Buprenorphine for the treatment of perinatal opioid dependence: pharmacology and implications for antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum care

Opioid dependence during pregnancy is associated with significant health risks for both the mother and her fetus. Opioid maintenance therapy with methadone (Dolophine) is the current standard of care, reduces medical and social risks associated with illicit drug use, and decreases rates of prematurity and low birth weight. However, treatment with methadone is frequently associated with neonatal abstinence syndrome. Buprenorphine is an alternative to methadone that preliminary data indicates is equivalent in safety and efficacy to methadone and significantly increases access to treatment. The pharmacology of buprenorphine and its implications for the care of pregnant women with opioid dependence are described.