Perinatal Outcome of Pregnancies After Assisted Reproduction: A Case–Control Study

Purpose: A matched case–control study of all pregnancies obtained after either IVF or ICSI was conducted to investigate the perinatal outcome. Methods: Three hundred eleven singleton and 115 twin pregnancies obtained after assisted reproduction were studied. Controls were selected from a regional register and were matched for maternal age, parity, singleton or twin pregnancy, and date of delivery. Results: No significant difference was observed for gestational age at delivery, birth weight, incidence of congenital anomalies, and incidence of perinatal mortality between ART (singleton and twin) pregnancies and spontaneous controls. ART twin pregnancies showed a higher incidence of preterm deliveries than control pregnancies (52 vs 42%; P < 0.05) and needed more neonatal intensive care (47 vs 26%; P < 0.05). Conclusions: From this case–control study it is concluded that the perinatal outcome of ART singleton pregnancies is not different from that in matched controls. ART twin pregnancies showed a higher incidence of preterm deliveries than control pregnancies and needed more neonatal intensive care.     

Perinatal outcome and the social contract: Interrelationships between health and society

Abstract Rates of infant mortality and prematurity or low birthweight serve as indirect measures of the health of a nation. This paper presents current population data documenting the still serious problem of perinatal outcome in the USA as well as in other economically developed countries. International comparisons suggest that nations which have the greatest inequality of income and social opportunity also have the most adverse perinatal, child and adult health outcomes. Furthermore, the data assert that these effects are independent of average national wealth or gross national economic productivity. Health status differs by social class and race, even among the most affluent sectors of the population. All social classes, even the wealthiest, suffer the health consequences of social inequalities. An explanatory socio-psychological theory of causality is proposed.     

Plasma platelet-activating factor levels in newborn infants with and without perinatal asphyxia: Is it an additional marker of perinatal asphyxia?

Abstract Background: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is still a very important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Recently platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been accused of being responsible for the neuronal damage in hypoxic-ischemic brain.
Methods: Therefore, we conducted a study in newborns with perinatal asphyxia to try to show the relationship between the clinical severity and plasma PAF levels.
Results: Mean plasma levels of 19 asphyxiated infants (997.8 ± 363.5 pg/mL) were significantly higher than that of 20 healthy infants (410.2 ± 148.6 pg/mL, P< 0.0001). Patients with clinically severe HIE had significantly higher levels of PAF (1494.2 ± 386.6 pg/mL) when compared with patients with mild HIE (815 ± 114.5 pg/mL) and with moderate HIE (828.3 ± 61.1 pg/mL). There was a significant correlation between plasma PAF concentration and arterial pH and base deficit, but no correlation with platelet and leukocyte counts.
Conclusions: Plasma PAF levels correlating with the severity of HIE is interpreted to mean that high PAF levels may be an indicator of clinical severity and probably the poorer prognosis of patients with HIE.     

妊娠晚期胎心监护的非应激性试验临床研究

目的探讨妊娠晚期胎心监护对临床的应用价值。方法选择280例胎心监护非应激性试验（NST）异常孕妇为观察组，抽取同期270例胎心监护（NST）正常孕妇作为对照组，分析两组孕妇妊娠合并症的发生率，胎心率监测结果及围产儿死亡率。结果观察组孕妇妊娠合并症明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。观察组新生儿窒息和低体重儿的发生与对照组有显著性差异（P〈0．05），羊水污染和围产儿死亡率无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论NST是妊娠晚期产前胎儿电子监护的有效方法可提前筛选预测胎儿宫内窘迫，为临床做出前瞻性诊断，改善围产儿预后。     

过期妊娠75例的临床分析

目的探讨过期妊娠对母儿的不良影响及临床处理。方法回顾性分析75例过期妊娠者分娩方式及母婴结局。结果过期妊娠者手术产率、围产儿病死率均高于同期足月妊娠者。结论加强产前监测,适时终止妊娠,可降低过期妊娠的发生率。     

1995年苏州地区双胎妊娠结局分析

【目的】分析出生指标。评价双胎妊娠结局。【方法】采用1995年苏州地区围产保健监测资料，比较单、双胎孕周、出生体重、Apgar评分、新生儿死亡率及死亡原因。【结果】双胎妊娠中早产儿占35．0％；低出生体重儿占49．2％；1min和5min Apgar评分窒息者分别占13．9%和5．6％；各指标均显著高于单胎。双胎新生儿死亡率为45．9‰；早期新生儿死亡率42．8‰；新生儿主要死亡原因为早产。【结论】与单胎儿相比，双胎妊娠胎儿宫内发育时间、发育状况、产后适应能力等均明显偏差，新生儿死亡率显著偏高。应采用多种干预措施，改善双胎妊娠不良结局。     

妊娠期糖尿病与妊娠结局的分析

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病对妊娠结局的影响。方法 回顾性分析2004年1月～2005年12月住院分娩的妊娠期糖尿病及健康孕妇各62例的妊娠结局。结果 妊娠期糖尿病组中病理妊娠、妊娠期高血压、羊水异常、胎膜早破、胎儿窘迫、早产儿、巨大儿、妊娠胆汁淤积症（ICP）、剖官产的发生率分别为85．48％、30．65％、14．52％、4．84％、12．90％、19．35％、17．74％、14．52％、98．39％。均明显高于对照组。分别为51．61％、6．45％、1．61％、0、3．23％、3．23％、4．84％、1．61％、51．61％。差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 妊娠期糖尿病对母婴危害大。及早诊断和治疗妊娠期糖尿病，可减少母婴并发症，降低围产儿死亡率。     

北京市乙型肝炎疫苗母婴阻断效果监测分析

目的评价北京市现行乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(HepB)免疫策略的母婴阻断效果。方法利用北京市1999~2004年部分区对母亲乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性的儿童进行HepB免疫后的血清学监测资料,对母亲HBsAg阳性儿童的血清HBsAg、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心杭体(抗-HBc)水平以及疫苗保护水平进行分析。结果所监测的727名儿童中,HBsAg阳性率为2.5%。母亲[HBsAg、乙肝病毒膜抗原(HBeAg)]双阳性者HBsAg阳性率高于母亲单阳性者。抗-HBc阳性率为6.1%,母亲单阳性者和母亲双阳性者差异无显著的统计学意义。抗-HBs阳性率为85.7%,抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)为90.4毫国际单位/毫升(mIU/ml),且母亲单阳性者抗-HBs阳性率高于母亲双阳性者。HepB保护率为92.2%(95%CI:90.3%~94.1%),其中对母亲单阳性者的保护率为93.4%(95%CI:92.3%~94.5%),对母亲双阳性者的保护率为89.3%(95%CI:87.2%~91.4%)。结论北京市现行HepB免疫策略对母亲HBsAg阳性儿童的免疫保护效果理想。