Laparoscopic diagnosis and management of foramen of Winslow hernia - case report

Summary

Laparoscopy is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of abdominal pain. In this paper we report the first case of laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of small bowel obstruction caused by a rare form of internal hernia, into the lesser sac through the foramen of Winslow.     

Laparoscopic assisted colectomy and myasthenia gravis

Summary

Myasthenia gravis is an auto-immune disorder posing particular challenges in the anaesthesia of patients requiring laparotomy. This report describes how a laparoscopic approach may overcome these difficulties.     

Treatment of meralgia paraesthetica by laparoscopic pre-peritoneal approach

Summary. Meralgic paraesthetica can be successfully treated laparoscopically.     

Laparoscopic appendectomy in young female patients: Should we remove the normal-looking appendix?

Objective : This study evaluated whether a significant reduction in unnecessary appendectomies is possible by performing diagnostic laparoscopy before appendectomy in female patients of child-bearing age, leaving behind the normal-looking appendix. Materials and methods : Sixty-one consecutive female patients between the ages of 15 and 45 years with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis were studied prospectively. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed to detect whether the appendix was inflamed. The appendix was then removed and the result of laparoscopic diagnosis was matched with histological diagnosis. Results : Ten out of the 42 laparoscopically diagnosed appendicitis cases had normal appendices on histological examination. Six out of the 19 laparoscopically diagnosed normal appendices had histological evidence of appendicitis. The sensitivity of laparoscopy was 84% and the specificity was 56.5%. Conclusions : Discrepancies existed between laparoscopic appearance and histological examination in acute appendicitis. The appendices of all those with clinically suspected appendicitis should be removed and sent for histological confirmation.      

Intestinal obstruction from midgut volvulus after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Congenital midgut malrotation, a rare anatomic anomaly that can lead to duodenal or small bowel obstruction, rarely is recognized beyond the first year of life. We report a case of unrecognized congenital midgut malrotation that resulted in midgut volvulus, causing intestinal obstruction and requiring emergent reoperation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This unusual complication, first reported in 1994, involved a 56-year-old man and resulted in cecal infarction recognized and treated on the second postoperative day. This second case describes a less acute postoperative course, with multiple bouts of partial bowel obstruction leading to two readmissions and finally resulting in a reexploration and definitive treatment on the 19th postoperative day. Received: 16 February 1999/Accepted: 22 March 1999     

Three-Year Results of Laparoscopic Vertical Banded Gastroplasty

Background: Despite the development of pharmacologic agents for the treatment of massive obesity, surgery remains the only treatment option that has been shown to offer long-term weight reduction. Laparoscopic surgery appears to offer rapid recovery and low postoperative morbidity. The aim of the present study was to assess the outcome of laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty (lap VBG) in 60 obese patients. Patients and Methods: 60 massively obese patients (50 female) with a mean ± SEM body mass index (BMI) of 44.4 ± 1.0 kg/m² were followed up prospectively for an average of 23.0 ± 1.5 months. Lap VBG was performed using 5 trocars placed in a standard fashion for laparoscopic upper gastrointestinal surgery. A 4-row stapler was used for the vertical staple-line, and a stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) band was used to reinforce the outlet. The patients were seen postoperatively 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery. Results: Conversion to open surgery was performed in 15 cases. Preoperative median BMI and postoperative hospital stay were higher in the open group than in the laparoscopic group: 47.8 kg/m² (37.7-65.7) and 5 days (3-13), and 41.9 kg/m² (32.5-57.3) and 3 days (2-6), respectively (P < 0.01 for both). After 36 months of follow-up, the median BMI was 36.9 kg/m² (24.6-50.7) (n = 9) in the open group and 37.0 kg/m² (25.8-53.3) (n = 14) (NS) in the laparoscopic group. The number of conversions to open surgery and the median operating time were higher in the first 30 cases than in the last 30 cases: 11 and 137.5 min (96-225) and 4 and 115.0 min (85-190), respectively, with similar preoperative BMI: 44.1 kg/m² (33.8-65.8) and 41.2 kg/m² (32.4-57.8). Conclusions: Lap VBG can be performed safely and results in a shorter postoperative stay than does open surgery. Weight loss was maintained over the 3-year follow-up period. There is a learning curve, resulting in fewer conversions to open surgery and shorter operating time. Long follow-up studies are needed to ascertain that long-term weight loss equals that of open VBG.     

后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全长切除加经尿道膀胱袖状切除治疗上尿路上皮癌

目的：探讨后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全长切除加经尿道膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路上皮癌的临床效果。方法：上尿路上皮癌患者68例,男23例,女45例,平均年龄63（43-78）岁。肾盂癌55例,输尿管上段肿瘤4例,输尿管下段肿瘤9例。其中输尿管下段肿瘤合并膀胱肿瘤1例。经尿道膀胱镜患侧输尿管逆行插入输尿管导管引流肾盂尿,用电切镜针状电极距输尿管口周围约0．5cm环形切透膀胱壁,分离出输尿管开口及膀胱壁内段。拔除输尿管导管,电凝输尿管开口,使开口封闭,减少肿瘤细胞种植机会。采用腰部3个穿刺套管针人路,行后腹腔镜下根治性肾切除,输尿管尽量向下游离,如果是肾盂癌或输尿管上段肿瘤,用腹腔镜分离钳可以将下段输尿管提拉出来,扩大套管切口,将肾输尿管全长完整取出,避免了下腹部开放切口;如果是下段输尿管肿瘤,则需下腹部行5-7cm切口,先取出。肾标本,再行输尿管下段切除术。结果：68例手术顺利。手术时间平均120（90-240）min,术中出血量平均60（40-500）ml,1例需输血。术后引流管留置时间平均4（3-7）d,导尿管留置时间平均8（7-15）d。拔除尿管后均行B超检查无膀胱漏尿。术后病理报告均为尿路上皮癌。65例患者获随访平均18（3-38）个月。58例患者无瘤生存,3例死于心脑血管及肺部疾病。4例术后患膀胱肿瘤而行电切治疗。结论：后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全长切除加经尿道膀胱袖状切除治疗上尿路上皮癌,手术安全易行,用电切镜环状切除输尿管开口及膀胱壁内段可完整切除输尿管,对输尿管开口进行电凝封闭可减少肿瘤细胞种植。对肾盂癌及上段输尿管肿瘤患者可避免行下腹部开放切口的输尿管下段切除术,有效减少创伤,疗效可靠,无肿瘤种植转移。     

腹腔镜直肠癌经肛门外翻切除吻合治疗体会

目的探讨腹腔镜Dixon术治疗中低位直肠癌的方法与疗效. 方法对3例中低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜Dixon术,术中将结肠和肛管外翻切除吻合,腹部不另做切口,常规放置肛管和经腹腔镜操作孔放置盆底引流管. 结果手术时间平均170(150～210)min,术后1～2 d胃肠道功能恢复并下床活动, 术后住院时间平均9(8～11)d.3例病人全部痊愈出院, 无吻合口瘘及排便功能异常. 结论该手术安全可行,创伤小,疼痛轻,恢复快.术中不在腹腔断肠, 减少了腹腔污染及种植转移危险,不在腔镜下腹腔内肠吻合大大降低费用.     

腹腔镜下顺逆结合切除胆囊预防胆管损伤并发症的价值

目的 :探讨腹腔镜下顺逆结合切除胆囊预防胆管损伤并发症的临床价值。方法 :回顾分析腹腔镜下顺逆结合切除胆囊 1 2 6例的临床资料。 1 2 6例中胆囊结石伴胆囊萎缩 2 9例 ,急性、亚急性胆囊炎 86例 ,胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎 8例 ,胆囊息肉 3例。结果 :1例患者并发毛细胆管漏 ,经引流 3d痊愈 ,余患者均顺利恢复 ,无胆管损伤病例 ,无出血、感染及死亡等严重并发症发生。中转开腹 2例 ,1例胆囊结石伴胆囊萎缩 ,1例亚急性胆囊炎。平均手术时间 4 6min ,平均术后住院 4d。结论 :腹腔镜下顺逆结合切除胆囊能提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术的成功率 ,减少了腹腔镜下胆囊切除术胆管损伤并发症的发生 ,特别是在Calot三角解剖不清及变异时。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后切口肿瘤种植的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)后切口肿瘤种植的诊断治疗及预防措施。方法:回顾分析1994年1月至2003年12月诊治LC术后切12肿瘤种植病例的临床资料。结果:LC 10 865例术后发生切口肿瘤种植4例(0.037％),表现为剑突下戳孔处质硬肿块,病理证实为转移性腺癌,但无法找到原发病灶。行肿块扩大切除后辅以局部放疗及全身化疗,分别随访40、20、10、1个月,1例在发现切口种植后3月因肿瘤远处转移死亡,1例在发现剑突下肿块后4月脐孔戳口处又见转移性腺癌,手术探查可见腹膜肿瘤种植,另2例未见肿瘤复发及转移。结论:LC术后切口肿瘤种植发生率低,但预后差,传统胆囊病理检查可漏诊原发癌灶。认识其临床表现与发病机制,有利于更好地指导临床工作。