An implantable subcutaneous glucose sensor array in ketosis-prone rats: closed loop glycemic control

A closed loop system of diabetes control would minimize hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. We therefore implanted and tested a subcutaneous amperometric glucose sensor array in alloxan-diabetic rats. Each array employed four sensing units, the outputs of which were processed in real time to yield a unified signal. We utilized a gain-scheduled insulin control algorithm which rapidly reduced insulin delivery as glucose concentration declined. Such a system was generally effective in controlling glycemia and the degree of lag between blood glucose and the sensor signal was usually 3-8 min. After prolonged implantation, this lag was sometimes longer, which led to impairment of sensor accuracy. Using a prospective two-point calibration method, sensor accuracy and closed loop control were good. A revised algorithm yielded better glycemic control than the initial algorithm did. Future research needs to further improve calibration methods and reduce foreign body fibrosis in order to avoid a time-related increase in lag duration.     

胃癌累及胰腺的外科治疗与预后(附120例报告)

目的探讨胃癌累及胰腺的外科治疗方法与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析我院1984年6月～2003年10月手术治疗累及胰腺的胃癌120例。结果本组120例中,根治切除组41例,姑息切除组23例,未切除组56例。根治组41例中经病理证实胰腺有癌细胞浸润者30例,占73.2%,淋巴结转移率为85.4%。其中No10、11淋巴结转移率为73.1%。术后102例得到随访,随访率为85%,1、3、5年的生存率分别为:根治切除组为73%、37%、17%,姑息切除组为22%、9%、4%,未切除组为9%、2%、0%。根治切除组1,3年生存率明显高于姑息性切除组和未切除组(P<0.05),5年生存率明显高于未切除组(P<0.01),但与姑息性切除组无显著性差异。姑息性切除组和未切除组1、3年生存率无显著性差异,但5年生存率明显高于未切除组(P<0.01)。结论胃癌累及胰腺的根治切除可提高1,3年生存率,选择合适的适应征是关键。姑息切除有助于改善生存质量,对改善预后意义不大。     

Carcinoma of the pancreas associated with anomalous junction of pancreaticobiliary tracts: Report of two cases and review of the literature

We report two cases of carcinoma of the pancreas with anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary tracts. A 71-year-old Japanese woman had obstructive jaundice. Ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass in the pancreatic head and computed tomography demonstrated a low-density nodule in the pancreatic head. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography displayed a double duct sign and an anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary tracts. The patient underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy. The histopathologic diagnosis of the resected specimen was adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head. A 56-year-old Japanese man also developed obstructive jaundice. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a huge mass almost replacing the whole pancreas and involving the superior mesenteric artery, splenic artery, splenic vein, and portal vein. Multiple hepatic metastases and peritoneal dissemination were present. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography demonstrated an anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary tracts. The patient died of hemorrhage from esophageal varices. We discuss the relationship between the anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary tracts and pancreatic carcinoma. Received for publication on May 30, 1997; accepted on Dec. 3, 1997     

一期袢式胆肠—胃肠双侧吻合内引流术

应用袢式胆肠胃肠双吻合术（下称双吻合术）一期治疗不能切除的胰头癌所致的梗阻性黄疸１６例，与仅行袢式胆肠吻合术（ｎ＝２２）比较，具有同样的消除黄疸效果及防返流作用，并可避免由于术后癌肿压迫引起的十二指肠及幽门梗阻症状；手术操作简便、省时，更接近生理要求，使患者术后得到良好的生存质量。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT及MRI表现

目的探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤（SPTP）的CT及MRI表现。方法回顾性收集、分析9例经病理证实的胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT及MRI表现,分析肿瘤的位置、大小、边缘、密度及增强特征。结果9例均为女性,3例位于胰头,1例位于胰颈,5例位于胰体尾部,肿瘤体积较大,边界清楚,直径6～11cm,均表现为囊实性肿块,囊性、实性成分比例各有不同,以实性成分较多,4例伴有钙化,增强扫描时,肿瘤实性成分及包膜呈渐进性、填充式强化,囊性部分无强化,9例均不伴有胆管扩张,1例伴有轻度胰管扩张。结论胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT及MRI表现具有～定的特征性。     

Outcomes of Recipients With Pancreas Transplant Alone Who Develop End‐Stage Renal Disease

Recipients of pancreas transplant alone (PTA) may be at increased risk for developing end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). The survival experience of PTA recipients developing ESRD has not been described. Furthermore, the relative survival of these patients as compared to diabetics on chronic dialysis is unknown. We studied all adult PTA recipients from January 1, 1990 to September 1, 2008 using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Each PTA recipient developing ESRD was matched to 10 diabetics on chronic dialysis from the United States Renal Data System. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to determine the relation between ESRD and mortality among PTA recipients, and the relation between PTA and mortality among diabetics on chronic dialysis. There were 1597 PTA recipients in the study, of which 207 developed ESRD. Those with ESRD had a threefold increase in mortality versus those without (adjusted hazard ratio 3.28 [95% confidence interval: 2.27, 4.76]). There was no significant difference in the risk of death among PTA recipients with ESRD versus diabetics on dialysis. PTA recipients developing ESRD are three times more likely to die than PTA recipients without ESRD; however, the risk of death in these patients was similar to diabetics on chronic dialysis without PTA.     

Impact of de novo donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies on grafts outcomes in simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation

De novo donor‐specific antibodies (dDSA) relevance in simultaneous pancreas–kidney (SPK) transplantation has been scarcely investigated. We analyzed dDSA relationship with grafts outcomes in a long‐term follow‐up SPK‐transplanted cohort. In 150 patients that received SPK transplant between 2000 and 2013, post‐transplant anti‐human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies were screened and identified using Luminex‐based assays in sera collected at 3, 6, and 12 months, then yearly. dDSA were detected in 22 (14.7%) patients at a median 3.1 years after transplant. Pretransplant anti‐HLA sensitization (OR = 4.64), full HLA‐DR mismatch (OR = 4.38), and previous acute cellular rejection (OR = 9.45) were significant risk factors for dDSA. dDSA were significantly associated with kidney (in association with acute rejection) and pancreas graft failure. In dDSA+ patients, those with at least one graft failure presented more frequently dDSA against class II or I + II (P = 0.011) and locusDQ (P = 0.043) and had a higher median dDSA number (P = 0.014) and strength (P = 0.030). Median time between dDSA emergence and pancreas and kidney graft failure was 5 and 12 months, respectively. Emergence of dDSA increased the risk of grafts failure in SPK‐transplanted patients. Full HLA‐DR mismatch was associated with dDSA emergence. dDSA characteristics might help identify patients at a higher risk of graft failure.     

胰腺实性假乳头状肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 总结胰腺实性假乳头状肿瘤的诊治体会。 方法 回顾性分析1999年1月至2007年10月浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院普外科及中国人民解放军117医院普外科诊治13例胰腺实性假乳头状肿瘤（SPT）的临床资料。 结果 13例均无特异性临床表现,以腹痛、腹部肿块为主。13例均行手术治疗。行胰十二指肠切除术6例,胰颈节段切除术1例,胰体尾加脾切除术2例,胰体尾切除术1例,腹腔镜胰体尾加脾切除术2例,胰体尾切除加肝脏结节活检及肝脏结节无水酒精注射、乙状结肠及降结肠部分切除术1例。12例术后恢复顺利,1例胰体尾切除术后发生胆胰瘘。10 例随访均未发现肿瘤复发转移。 结论 SPT好发于年轻女性,属潜在恶性或低度恶性胰腺肿瘤,积极的手术治疗能获得良好预后。