眼减压性视网膜病变研究进展

眼减压性视网膜病变(ocular decompression retinopathy,ODR)是一种由眼压降低引起的眼底多灶性出血性视网膜病变,且无法用其他机制解释。临床上多见于青光眼术后,也可发生在造成眼压下降的其他眼科手术。多数患者无明显症状,容易漏诊。本文综述了国内外ODR的研究进展,从危险因素、发病机制、临床表现、影像表现、鉴别诊断以及治疗与预防来论述。     

抗VEGF联合Ahmed引流阀治疗NVG术中是否联合超乳的对比观察

目的：观察抗VEGF联合Ahmed引流阀植入术中白内障超声乳化与非超乳治疗合并白内障的新生血管性青光眼(NVG)的疗效。

方法：回顾分析我院诊断为NVG合并白内障的患者47例47眼,术前均行抗VEGF玻璃体积内注射,其中19眼行白内障超声乳化吸除术联合Ahmed引流阀植入术(联合组),28眼行单纯Ahmed引流阀植入术(单阀组),术后观察视力、眼压和用药情况,并随访6mo以上。

结果：NVG患者47眼中,术后各时间点眼压均较术前显著降低(P<0.05)。随访至6mo时,联合组患者视力提高者10 眼(53%),不变者8眼(42%),降低者1眼(5%); 手术完全成功率为84%(16/19),条件成功率 11%(2/19),失败5%(1/19); 单阀组患者视力提高者11眼(39%),不变者17眼(61%),降低者0例,手术完全成功率为61%(17/28),条件成功率 25%(7/28),失败14%(4/28)。

结论：抗VEGF和单纯Ahmed引流阀植入术联合白内障超声乳化摘除手术既能有效控制术后眼压,又尽可能提高患者视力,减少术后青光眼药物使用量,便于随诊眼底,是治疗NVG的有效方法。     

非穿透性深度巩膜切除术+MMC Tenon囊下注射治疗开角型青光眼术后高阶像差变化的研究

目的：研究开角型青光眼患者非穿透性深层巩膜切除术后高阶像差的变化。

方法：研究包括20例患者20眼, 其中10例为原发性开角型青光眼, 10例为继发性开角型青光眼。患者术前接受非穿透性深层巩膜切除术,并辅以Tenon囊下注射(0.02% of MMC)。术前及术后1、3mo用i-Trace分析仪测定角膜总高阶像差。每次随访时评估眼压(IOP)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和眼泡形态。手术的成功率分为完全成功、相对成功和失败。

结果：术前IOP为24.05±3.07 mmHg,平均用药2.85±0.67次,随访3mo后,IOP为12.30±3.32 mmHg,平均用药0.70±0.98次。随访期间IOP均明显下降(P<0.001)。术后随访1mo,总高阶像差(HOT)均方根(RMS)和总球型像差值明显升高,3mo后下降。术后各时间段三叶肌和全眼昏迷样像差变化无统计学意义。术后1mo HOT RMS及球形角膜均明显增加,3mo随访后明显减少。术后角膜三叶肌变化与术前相比无统计学意义。患者年龄和IOP对HOT和角膜HOT的变化无显著影响。

结论：深度巩膜切除术后1mo内角膜和眼部高阶像差增加,3mo后下降,与术前相比无统计学意义。在3mo随访时,患者的BCVA和等效球镜(SE)与术前相比无统计学差异。     

益精补阳还五汤辅治开角型青光眼对其眼压及预后的影响

目的：研究益精补阳还五汤辅治开角型青光眼患者对其眼压控制及预后影响效果。

方法：选取我院2015-07/2017-07收治的开角型青光眼患者93例186眼。按照随机数字表法将所有患者分为两组。观察组47例94眼,给予马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液结合益精补阳还五汤辅助治疗; 对照组46例92眼,仅使用马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗。观察比较两组患者治疗后临床疗效,治疗前后视力、眼压、视网膜中央动脉血流测定值、平均缺损范围、视野平均光敏度以及图像诱发视觉电位情况。

结果：观察组治疗后总有效率明显高于对照组(85.1% vs 63.0%)(P<0.01)。治疗后,观察组眼压明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组治疗后视网膜中央动脉血流RI测定值明显低于对照组(P<0.01),PSA、EDV测定值明显高于对照组(P=0.011、<0.01)。观察组治疗后视野平均光敏度明显高于对照组(P=0.001),平均缺损范围明显少于对照组(P=0.011)。

结论：使用益精补阳还五汤辅治开角型青光眼临床疗效显著,可有效控制患者眼压水平,扩大视野范围,促进血流循环,改善预后。     

Intraocular inflammation after Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty for the treatment of glaucoma

This is a prospective interventional clinical study evaluating intraocular inflammation developed after Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty (UCP) for the treatment of glaucoma. Eighteen eyes of 18 patients were treated with UCP second-generation probes (Eye OP1). After treatment, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) significantly decreased from 26.8±7.2 to 18.8±6.1 mm Hg at day 1 and to 14.7±3.4 mm Hg at month 6 (all P<0.001). Mean laser flare-cell photometry value steeply increased after surgery from 12.1±7.5 to 64.1±53.9 ph/ms (P=0.001) at day 1, and then progressively decreased to respectively 60.6±49.7 at day 7, 43.5±38.5 at day 14 and 28.2±18.3 at month 1 (all P<0.05), returning at levels similar to baseline ones at month 3 and month 6 (respectively 16.7±6.2 and 12.8±10.2, both P>0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between postoperative increase of aqueous flare values and anterior chamber depth (R=-0.568, P=0.014). This timeframe may be considered reasonable for repeating UCP treatment, when required.     

Impact of corneal parameters on intraocular pressure measurements in different tonometry methods

AIM: To evaluate the impact of central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal curvature on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements performed by three different tonometers. METHODS: IOP in 132 healthy eyes of 66 participants was measured using three different tonometry techniques: Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), Pascal dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), and ICare rebound tonometer (RT). CCT and corneal curvature were assessed. RESULTS: In healthy eyes, DCT presents significantly higher values of IOP than GAT (17.34±3.69 and 15.27±4.06 mm Hg, P<0.0001). RT measurements are significantly lower than GAT (13.56±4.33 mm Hg, P<0.0001). Compared with GAT, DCT presented on average 2.51 mm Hg higher values in eyes with CCT<600 μm and 0.99 mm Hg higher results in eyes with CCT≥600 μm. The RT results were lower on average by 1.61 and 1.95 mm Hg than those obtained by GAT, respectively. Positive correlations between CCT in eyes with CCT<600 μm were detected for all IOP measurement techniques, whereas a similar relationship was not observed in eyes with thicker corneas. A correlation between IOP values and keratometry in the group with CCT<600 μm was not detected with any of the tonometry methods. In thicker corneas, a positive correlation was found for GAT and mean keratometry values (R=0.369, P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The same method should always be chosen for routine IOP control, and measurements obtained by different methods cannot be compared. All analysed tonometry methods are dependent on CCT; thus, CCT should be taken into consideration for both diagnostics and monitoring.     

中国人眼颅压力梯度参考区间的临床研究

目的探讨中国人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间,为建立基于眼颅压力梯度的开角型青光眼诊疗新体系提供理论标准。 方法横断面研究。对2010年8月至2019年8月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院神经内科需行腰椎穿刺的受试者共200例。其中,男性97例,女性103例,年龄区间12~79岁,平均(47.0±14.7)岁。对受试者进行眼压、颅压及全身基本参数测量。性别资料采用频数和百分比描述;年龄、身高、体重、眼压、颅内压、平均动脉压、体质指数及眼颅压力梯度等连续定量资料采用 ±s描述。对于少量缺失数据,采用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛模拟(MCMC)对缺失数据进行多重插补。采用95%分位数法确定参考值范围,对于连续定量资料的多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用两独立样本t检验。 结果根据全体受试者测定人群眼压参考区间为9.015 mmHg~20.265 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)。人群颅压参考区间为6.179 mmHg~14.921 mmHg。人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.987 mmHg~11.047 mmHg。眼颅压力梯度临床诊疗参考区间为0.423 mmHg~10.508 mmHg。以年龄进行分组,<30岁人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.968 mmHg~9.028 mmHg;30岁~50岁人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.466 mmHg~11.606 mmHg;>50岁人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.466 mmHg~11.606 mmHg。三组间眼颅压力梯度差异无统计学意义(F＝2.041,P>0.05)。以性别进行分组,男性眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.769 mmHg~10.089 mmHg;女性眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-3.137 mmHg~11.877 mmHg。两组间眼颅压力梯度的差异无统计学意义(t＝-1.413,P>0.05)。以体质指数(BMI)进行分组,BMI<21 kg/m²的人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-1.437 mmHg~11.577 mmHg;21 kg/m²2的人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-3.046 mmHg~11.026 mmHg;BMI>23 kg/m²的人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-3.947 mmHg~10.087 mmHg。不同BMI分组间,眼颅压力梯度差异有统计学意义(F＝6.109,P<0.05)。 结论眼颅压力梯度临床诊疗参考区间为0.423 mmHg~10.508 mmHg,可作为开角型青光眼临床诊疗的新指标。同时,还为开角型青光眼病因学诊断及个体化治疗的进一步深入研究,提供新的实践基础与研究方向。     

持续胸痛4个月及进行性下肢无力2个月

患儿,男,5岁。因胸痛4个月,右下肢无力2个月,双下肢无力10 d入院,无排便、排尿障碍,无意识障碍,双下肢呈上运动神经元性瘫痪,无颅神经受累,无感觉障碍。脊髓MRI示颈6~胸2椎管内肿瘤,压迫脊髓。转入神经外科手术治疗,患儿手术切除肿瘤后逐渐康复,随访6年未复发。该患儿病理诊断为透明细胞型脑（脊）膜瘤（WHO Ⅱ级）。儿童胸痛伴运动障碍,应与脊膜瘤这种椎管内肿瘤鉴别。