永存左上腔静脉在心脏直视手术中的处理

自1981年8月至1996年10月施行心脏直视手术1800例，发现永存左上腔静脉（PLSVC）11例，其中引入左心房1例。全部并发于其它心内畸形，且无特异体征。认为本中仔细探查是对PLSVC诊断的重要环节。本文对注意事项以及对不同类型的PLSVC引流入左房的外科处理方法进行了阐述。     

Ethical aspects of withdrawing/withholding renal replacement therapies on patients in acute renal failure in an intensive care unit

The majority of patients being treated for acute renal failure in intensive care units have multiple medical problems. Accordingly, the withdrawal of renal replacement therapies should be considered as part of a general decision about whether to initiate or continue with treatment per se. Several guidelines on withdrawing and withholding therapy have been produced and some common themes emerge: concerns to avoid euthanasia, potential for benefit, patient consent (shared decision‐making), team consensus/decision‐making, and the provision of appropriate palliative care and resource implications. Each of these is considered in turn, although the word limit for this paper does not permit detailed exposition.     

注射法和手术法治疗瘢痕疙瘩效果比较

①目的　比较注射法和手术法治疗瘢痕疙瘩的效果。②方法　将 32例病人分A ,B组 ,A组采用以注射为主的综合疗法 ,应用特制的高压瘢痕注射器向瘢痕组织内注射确炎舒松A混悬液 ,注射间期瘢痕外涂去疤霜 ,再用透明敷料安舒妥密封 ,以使药物充分发挥作用和避免玷污衣物。B组采用以手术为主的综合疗法。术前1～ 2周在瘢痕组织的周围及基底部注射确炎舒松A混悬液 1～ 2次 ,然后将瘢痕全层切除。术后第 3周 ,切口处皮内注射少量药物 ,并配合安舒妥继续减张并密封药物于切口处 ,以防止切口展宽和瘢痕增生。③结果　A组 84块瘢痕达到治愈、显效、无效标准者分别有 5 7,2 6 ,1块 ,治愈率为 6 8% ,总有效率为 98% ;B组 32块瘢痕达到治愈、显效、无效标准者分别为 12 ,14 ,6块 ,治愈率为 37% ,总有效率为 81% ,两组疗效比较差异有显著性 (uc =5 .0 3,P <0 .0 5 )。④结论　以注射为主的综合疗法有效率高 ,但美容效果差。以手术为主的综合疗法可缩小皮损面积 ,但复发率较高。因此 ,应根据具体情况选择合适的治疗方法。     

气管切开术的并发症(附213例病例分析)

本文报道了气管切开术各种并发症的发病率,并对术中或术后并发症的病的病因、发病机理、治疗和预防进行了讨论。     

镰旁大型脑膜瘤外科治疗的探讨

目的：探讨影响镰旁大型脑膜瘤手术治疗的相关问题。方法：回顾性分析1994年8月至2001年8月经治的12例镰旁大型脑膜瘤的临床资料及手术经过。结果：12例肿瘤均全切除，无手术死亡。随访预后良好，无肿瘤复发。结论：镰旁大型脑膜瘤的手术应充分利用影像学资料及病人出现的阳性体征进行分析，选择合适的手术径路全部切除肿瘤，同时注重脑功能区及重要血管的保护、瘤基底部大脑镰的切除及周边组织的电灼处理。     

原发性甲状腺功能亢进症合并甲状腺癌18例分析

目的：探讨原发性甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）合并甲状腺癌（甲癌）的诊断和治疗。方法：回顾分析1990年1月于2000年1月手术治疗18例甲亢合并甲癌患者的临床资料，结果：微小癌占83％（15／18）。术前彩超检查15例，14例发现可疑结节；13例行癌侧叶全切除和对侧叶次全切除术，5例行双侧叶次全切除术，其中3例同时行颈淋巴结清扫术，1例二次行颈淋巴结清扫术。随访16例，平均随访7年，1例死于癌肺转移，余者仍存活，结论：术前常规彩超检查发现可疑结节有助于术中冰冻切片病理检查，手术治疗应兼顾甲亢和甲癌。     

Acute leukaemia in a defined geographic area – Incidence,clinical history and prognosis

A consecutive series of patients (1978–1981) comprising all patients with acute leukaemia from a population of 475000 inhabitants was reviewed. Thus, 94 patients were diagnosed as having acute leukaemia. No patients were lost from follow-up. The incidence figures of ALL and AML differed significantly from those of Sweden as a whole. 9 patients were < 15 years old. The median age of adult patients was 64 years, 60.8% being ≥ 60 years old. Of adult patients with AML, 20% had a preleukaemic history (chronic myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes and others). None of 6 patients with leukaemia as a metamorphosis of a chronic myeloproliferative disorder achieved a complete remission. The overall remission rate of the remaining adult patients was 25%. Treated patients, 15–39 years old, with AML without any preleukaemic history, had a complete remission rate of 80% compared to 12% for patients ≥ 60 years old with the same diagnosis. Of 60 patients with ‘primary’ AML, 14 were not treated, mainly because of advanced age and complicating diseases. Most of these patients died within a week of admission.     

Dental fear treatment: comparison of a video training procedure and clinical rehearsals

Abstract – Two types of fear desensitization, video training, and clinical rehearsals, were evaluated using psychometric tests, behavioral measures, and interviews for a group of 68 dental fear patients with high and low general trait anxiety. After treatment, a visual analogue scale (VAS) also tested the degree of perceived anxiety before going off to an unknown dentist. Results indicated no significant differences in dental fear reduction effects of the two types of desensitization. However, both treatments showed significant and meaningful effects when compared with a group of 75 dental fear patients on a waiting list who were also tested once at the beginning of the waiting period and again after 6 months. Only high general anxiety subjects resisted desensitization and failed standardized dental treatment tests. Exit interviews revealed that both groups named securing/accepting personnel, conversations about their fears and relaxation, in that order, as the most important factors in their dental fear reduction. Psychometric trust scores confirmed this. VAS scores showed a significant increase in fear level about the next dentist, also indicating trust as a major factor in reducing dental fear. Suggestions are made about which patient conditions can affect the choice of either of these training methods.     

儿童难治性肾病综合征的探讨95例临床分析

本文对95例肾病综合征进行分析,探讨了性别、年龄、发病迁延时间、浮肿、蛋白尿、血尿、血压、尿素氮、血浆蛋白、血浆胆固醇、免疫球蛋白、补体C_3与激素反应及分型的关系。认为下列综合分析可做为判定难治性肾病综合征的参考。难治性肾病多分布在7岁以上,激素治疗4～8周血浆蛋白尚未恢复,尿镜检反复出现红细胞及颗粒管型,血清r—球蛋白不低,而补体C_3降低,提示难治性肾病。各种感染常常是造成肾病综合心难以控制,甚至死亡的重要因素。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的 观察吉西他滨（gemcitabine，GEM）联合顺铂方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及不良反应。方法 对经病理组织学或细胞学诊断证实的56例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者采用GP方案行静脉化疗：GEM1000mg／m^2，静脉滴注，d1，d8；DDP30mg／m^2，静脉滴注，d1～d3；21天重复，至少治疗2个周期。结果 可评价疗效56例，完全缓解（CR）5．3％（3／56），部分缓解（PR）42．9％（24／56），稳定（SD）33．9％（19／56），进展（PD）17．9％（10／56），总有效率（RR）48．2％（27／56）；肿瘤控制率（CR＋PR＋SD）为82．1％（46／56）；中位缓解期7．4个月，中位生存期11．3个月；不良反应以白细胞及血小板减少，消化道反应，乏力为常见，患者均可耐受，无化疗相关死亡。结论 吉西他滨联合顺铂对晚期非小细胞肺癌有较好疗效，不良反应可为患者所耐受，值得临床应用。