胰岛素瘤11例诊治体会

目的：提高胰岛素瘤的诊断与治疗水平。方法：对11例胰岛素瘤的诊治资料进行回顾性总结。结果：术前B超阳性率18％,CT阳性率27％,术中探查阳性率90．9％。种肿瘤摘除10例。远段胰腺切除1例。结论：Whipple三联征是诊断的主要依据。手术是治疗胰岛素瘤的最佳方法,术中仔细探查,监测血糖是保证疗效的关键。     

肝脓肿治疗模式的临床研究

目的探讨肝脓肿的治疗方式和减少并发症的途径。方法对117例肝脓肿的各种治疗方法进行回顾性总结。结果非手术治疗12例,经腹切开引流46列,B超引导下经皮穿刺抽脓或置管引流59例,全部治愈。介入超声治疗组术后平均住院日比手术引流组少6.2d(P<0.01),并发症明显减少(P<0.01)。结论经皮穿刺抽脓或置管引流术简便、安全、住院时间短、费用少,并发症和病死率低,可用于治疗大多数肝脓肿。     

手术联合术后放疗治疗瘢痕疙瘩的临床研究

目的：研究手术联合术后放疗治疗瘢痕疙瘩的临床效果。方法：瘢痕疙瘩85例,随机分为2组,实验组50例,采用瘢痕疙瘩切除缝合或植皮,术后即时放疗;对照组35例,仅行瘢痕疙瘩切除植皮。结果：术后随访6个月－3年,实验组40例（80％）治愈,无复发;5例（10％）轻度瘢痕增生,局部注射康宁克通－A后未复发;5例（10％）复发;对照组6例（17．14％）治愈,29例（82．86％）复发,实验组治愈率明显高于对照组。结论：手术联合术后放疗是治愈瘢痕疙瘩的有效方法。     

AO髁支撑钢板在股骨远端骨折治疗中的应用

目的　探讨AO髁支撑钢板治疗A型和C型 (AO分类 )股骨远端骨折的临床效果。②方法　应用AO髁支撑钢板治疗股骨远端骨折 18例 (A型 8例 ,C型 8例 ,AC混合型 2例 )。③结果　术后X线检查示 18例均达解剖复位或近解剖复位 ,固定可靠。 3例膝屈曲 45°受限 ,15例住院期间膝屈曲达 90°以上 (占 83.3% )。 11例获0 .5～ 2 .0年随访骨折均愈合。④结论　AO髁支撑钢板和股骨远端的解剖形态较为匹配 ,治疗A型和C型股骨远端骨折可达坚强内固定。     

外源性磷酸肌酸对开心手术病人的心肌保护作用

20例需行瓣膜置换手术的风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者 ,随机等分为 2组。实验组 (CP组 )于术前 2d静脉滴注护心通 ,总量为 4g ;对照组 (C组 )用 5 %G S滴注。结果示实验组的心脏自动复跳率明显高于对照组 ,而对正性肌力药物的需求、缺血再灌后的MDA活性增高及心肌超微结构的改变则较对照组明显减轻 ,两组间的心肌酶活性和心肌ATP含量差异无显著性。提示护心通是一有效的心肌保护药物     

Increased Operative Time Impacts Rates of Short-Term Complications After Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundPrevious evidence has demonstrated an exacerbating effect of increased operative time on short-term complications in total joint arthroplasty. While the same relationship may be expected for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), supporting evidence remains sparse. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of operative time on short-term complication rates after UKA and determine a critical threshold in operative times after which complications may increase.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project was queried from 2007 to 2018 to identify 11,633 UKA procedures that were included in the final analysis. The effect of operative time on complications within 30 days was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models. Receiver operating characteristics curves and spline regression models were used to identify critical thresholds in operative time that increase the likelihood of short-term complications.ResultsLonger operative times (in minutes) were associated with higher rates of surgical site infection (90.4 ± 26.7 vs 84.8 ± 25.5, P = .003), blood transfusions (94.9 ± 28.6 vs 84.9 ± 25.5, P = .007), as well as reoperation rates (90.8 ± 27.9 vs 84.9 ± 25.5, P = .01), extended hospital length of stay (93.4 ± 29.8 vs 84.5 ± 25.2, P < .001), and mortality (110.4 ± 35.5 vs 84.9 ± 25.5, P = .008). Following multivariate logistic regression, operative time was found to independently predict increased surgical site infection, blood transfusion, myocardial infarction, extended length of stay, and mortality (odds ratio: 1.09 – 1.45, CI: 1.01 – 1.91, all P values <0.02). Receiver operating characteristics curves found an increase in mortality risk during the 30-day postoperative period after 88.5 minutes of operative time, a finding supported by spline regression plots.ConclusionThe present study found a positive correlation between increased operative times and short-term postoperative complication rates after UKA. Despite a statistically significant association with increasing operative time, odds ratios of reported complications are relatively low.     

跟骨关节内骨折的手术治疗进展及思考

正跟骨骨折是跗骨骨折中最常见的类型,占成人骨折的1%～4%~([1-2])。有60%～80%~([2])的跟骨骨折累及关节面并出现移位,其保守治疗效果欠佳,首选手术治疗。部分患者术后会遗留疼痛、关节僵硬、肢体功能不佳等后遗症,造成经济和社会负担。近年来,跟骨骨折的手术治疗有了一定进展,对患者的预后起到一定的改善。本期刊出几篇关于跟骨关节内骨折手术治疗的文章,对跟骨钢板和植骨材料的选择进行了对比研究和相关报道,笔者结合近年国内外有关跟骨骨折的最新研究和自身经验,对跟骨关节内骨折手术治疗的一些问题作如下述评。     

剖宫产率及指征变化与围产儿死亡率的关系

目的 探讨剖宫产率及剖宫产指征变迁对围产儿死亡率的影响。方法 对10年间剖宫产病例资料进行回顾分析。结果 1993至1997年剖宫产率为30．34％，显著低于1998至2002年的45．30％r，两者比较差异有极显著性(P＜0．01)。在剖宫产指征中，妊娠并发(合并)症始终处于第1位，社会因素上升为第2位，头盆不称为第3位，胎儿窘迫为第4位。围产儿死亡率1993至1997年为16．85％。，1998至2002年为17．79％，两者比较，差异无显著性(P＞0．05)。结论 剖宫产率升高在一定范围内降低了围产儿死亡率，但随着剖宫产率的进一步升高，围产儿死亡率并未随之下降。因此，应合理掌握剖宫产指征，降低剖宫产率。