脑卒中患者运动功能及日常生活能力分析

为了了解脑卒中患者功能和日常生活能力的自然演变过程,为脑卒中患者早期的治疗与康复方案的制定提供依据,本研究对１５０例未经正视,系统康复干预的脑卒中患者分别于病后５－６周后６月时进行了运动功能和ＡＤＬ的评价。     

Mediating role of instrumental activities of daily living ability on cognitive function of older adults living alone: A 4-year longitudinal study from the Kasama study

The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of living alone on the cognitive function of older people and the mediating effect of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) ability.The data for a final sample of 3276 participants aged 65 years and above who did not require long-term care at the baseline were used from a 4-year prospective cohort study conducted in Kasama City, Japan. Demographic data including age, sex, and depression at baseline were used as covariates. The Kihon checklist evaluated the IADL ability at baseline and cognitive function at follow-up. The characteristics of those living alone and with others were compared using the student t test and χ² test. The effect of living alone on cognitive function was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Mediation analyses determined the mediating effects of IADL.A total of 325 participants were living alone; they were significantly older than those living with others, more likely to be female, not provide emotional support, and have low physical function, more severe depression, and lower IADL disability. Living alone had a significantly lower risk of cognitive decline at follow-up than living with others. The mediation analysis revealed that IADL disability at follow-up was significantly associated with cognitive decline. Thus, greater IADL ability decreased cognitive decline risk.Older people living alone had a significantly lower risk of cognitive decline, and cognitive function significantly mediated IADL ability. Health support for enhancing IADL abilities may help older people living alone maintain good cognitive function.     

Estimates of the theoretical maximum daily intake of erythorbic acid, gallates, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in Italy: a stepwise approach

The three recent EU directives which fixed maximum permitted levels (MPL) for food additives for all member states also include the general obligation to establish national systems for monitoring the intake of these substances in order to evaluate their use safety. In this work, we considered additives with primary antioxidant technological function for which an acceptable daily intake (ADI) was established by the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF): gallates, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and erythorbic acid. The potential intake of these additives in Italy was estimated by means of a hierarchical approach using, step by step, more refined methods. The likelihood of the current ADI to be exceeded was very low for erythorbic acid, BHA and gallates. On the other hand, the theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) of BHT was above the current ADI. The three food categories found to be main potential sources of BHT were “pastry, cake and biscuits”, “chewing gums” and “vegetables oils and margarine”; they overall contributed 74% of the TMDI. Actual use of BHT in these food categories is discussed, together with other aspects such as losses of this substance in the technological process and percentage of ingestion in the case of chewing gums.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病老年患者奈替米星qd给药的药物动力学和临床疗效

目的对慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)院内感染老年患者qdivgtt奈替米星(NTM)的药物动力学及其在下呼吸道的分布进行研究,并观察临床疗效和不良反应.方法以尿素作为肺泡液稀释内标,用荧光偏振免疫法测定血清、支气管分泌液和肺泡液中NTM浓度.结果NTM7mg/kgqdivgtt(30min),血清cmax(26.71士4.95)mg/L,消除半衰期3.96h;肺泡液中cmax(7.76土2.13)mg/L,相当于血清cmax的29%.支气管分泌液药物浓度与血药浓度无相关性.qd给药使肺泡中药物浓度超过常见肺炎致病菌的MIC值.连续用药7d,31例患者未见肝、肾、神经毒性.结论NTMqdivgtt,由于给药间隔长,可适用于COP)院内感染老年患者.     

1 142例生活性手外伤的流行病学分析

目的 了解生活性手外伤的构成、分布特征及其影响因素。方法 对１９９７年４月￣１９９８年３月应诊的１１４２例急诊生活性手外伤患者进行问卷调查,并随机对其中１０２例患者进行随访。结果 患者的平均年龄为３６．２岁,男女性别比为１．７７：１;２０￣５０岁的青壮年占６２．２％（７１０／１１４２）;在家中发生的手外伤占４８．１％（５４９／１１４２）;开放性外伤占所有生活性手外伤的６９．０％（７８８／１１４２）     

脑卒中肩手综合征患者ADL评分与血脂水平的相关性分析

目的：观察脑卒中后肩手综合征（Shoulder-Hand Syndrome, SHS）患者日常生活活动能力（Activity of Daily Living, ADL）评分与其血脂水平的相关性,分析探讨其内在联系。方法：回顾性分析2016年8月至2018年2月医院收治的脑卒中肩手综合征患者116例,在上述患者接受规范降脂治疗6个月后检测总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）水平,将ADL评分与TG、TC、HDL、LDL及VLDL水平进行关联分析。并按病情、性别、年龄对等原则,设立SHS研究组和无SHS对照组。比较两组患者ADL评分与上述指标差异。结果：出院后6个月SHS研究组患者ADL评分显著低于无SHS对照组（P<0.05）;SHS研究组TC、HDL、LDL水平与无SHS对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组TG和VLDL水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;ADL评分用多元Logistic回归分析显示,常数项、TG及VLDL水平进入模型,表明ADL评分与TG、VLDL水平具有...     

The Contributions of Food Groups to the Daily Caloric Intake in Mongolian Population: A Mon-Timeline Study

(1) Background: The “Ger Recommendations” have been advised to promote a healthy diet in Mongolia. These recommendations emphasize the ratio of six macro-food components to ensure proper nutrition. In this study, the ratio of these six groups to the total daily caloric intake was determined. (2) Methods: This study was conducted as part of a study at the Clinical Cohort (“Mon-Timeline”) of the Mongolian National University of Medical Science. A macro-community ratio was calculated using a 24-h dietary recall diary of a total of 498 people. (3) Results: The mean age of the study participants was 43.9 ± 12.9 years. Among them, 21.8% (n = 110) were male. Of the total calories, 44.7% were grains, 29.2% were meat and protein products, 9.3% were fats, 7.1% were dairy products, 6.6% were vegetables, and 3.1% were fruits. According to the ratio of the six groups in the Ger Recommendations, meat and grains exceeded the recommended amount, while fruits, milk, and vegetables were consumed less. It has been observed that the older a person ages, the closer they are to following these recommendations. In terms of gender, women consumed more fruit and milk than men. (4) Conclusions: The ratio of macronutrients in the daily caloric intake of Mongolians is inadequate. Therefore, knowledge about the “Ger Recommendations” needs to be studied in relation to people’s healthy eating knowledge and attitudes. If necessary, the appropriate awareness needs to be increased to educate the public on proper eating habits.     

The Association between Daily Total Dietary Nutrient Intake and Recent Glycemic Control States of Non-Pregnant Adults 20+ Years Old from NHANES 1999–2018 (Except for 2003–2004)

Background: Although daily total dietary nutrient intakes were potentially important factors in maintaining glycemic balance, their overall effect on glycemic control was still unclear among American adults. Objectives: We aimed to examine the association between daily total dietary nutrient intake and recent glycemic control status (RGCS). Methods: This cohort was composed of 41,302 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The daily total intake of dietary nutrients and RGCS were independent and dependent variables, respectively. To evaluate their association, we carried out binary logistic regression, model fitting, linear discriminant analysis, and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The result of robust check model showed that only the daily total dietary vitamin B6 intake (adjusted OR = 0.848; 95% CI: 0.738, 0.973; p-value = 0.019) was significantly negatively correlated with RGCS. When daily total dietary vitamin B6 intake and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were used as independent variables and dependent variables, respectively, to fit the curves and lines, the established robust check model could distinguish American adults with different RGCS well. Moreover, the robust check model results of ROC analysis indicated that daily total dietary vitamin B6 intake might be a potential predictor for RGCS (AUC = 0.977; 95% CI: 0.974, 0.980; p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that only daily total dietary vitamin B6 intake was a beneficial factor in RGCS, but it might need further multicenter or prospective studies to verify whether vitamin B6 had biological implications and public health meaning for glycemic control among American adults (specifically referred to non-pregnant participants over 20 years old).     

军队离退休干部的健康与日常活动能力评价

目的　对军队离退休干部健康与日常活动进行综合评价 ,进一步剖析疾病及其相关危险因素对日常活动的限制和影响。方法　采用问卷访问和体格检查相结合的方法对安徽省军队离退休干部 76 7人进行调查。结果　全部调查对象中无躯体疾病的仅占 8.4 7% ,同时患二种以上疾病的人数占全部调查人数的72 .36 % ,安徽省军队离退休干部的健康与日常活动总积分约 8.84± 0 .2 4 ,74 .1%的人员积分大于 3分 ,4 9.2 %的人员积分大于 8分 ,2 1.0 %的人员积分大于 14分。结论　加强对军队离退休干部慢性病特别是心脑血管疾病的防治及对老年人群进行必要的健康教育 ,有利于提高其日常活动能力 ,改善日常生活功能及心理感受 ,从而提高生活质量